As science and technology has developed, the manner by which drugs can be delivered has grown. This research explores an alternative method for the delivery of therapeutic compounds to the body. The basis of the study involves the application of traditional medicines on textiles. Boswellia Serrata Extract (B.S.E.) is a common traditional medicine used for curing body pains. The most common form of B.S.E. based products are creams that are applied directly to the skin. Experiments show that these creams were not suitable as a basis for applying to textile materials because the creams contain highly volatile compounds, which on drying the treated textile, post application, cause almost total loss of the B.S.E. The approach used was the application on textiles of a 'commercial' topical medicine applied as a cream for, where B.S.E. is a major constituent. Cotton woven fabric was padded with this cream and tested for washing and rubbing fastness. The presence of highly volatile substances in the topical cream resulted in a negligible amount of the medicine on the dried treated fabric. Another approach was used for the application of B.S.E. onto the textile substrate. A commercially available B.S.E. powder was applied to woven fabric using a pad mangle. Tests were carried out to validate the

Today's medical textile market is producing state of the art polymeric textile implantable devices that are redefining traditional materials and methods of surgery. These sophisticated high-tech polymer materials are engineered for specific uses in surgical and interventional procedures. One of the new biotextile products is an absorbable bi-directional barbed surgical suture that does not require surgical knots for wound closure. This novel idea has the attention of many physicians and surgeons where wound closure or tissue approximation is needed. The barbed suture has the potential to change the way wound closure is perceived in various clinical fields of surgery and veterinary medicine.

Technical textiles are one of the fastest growing sectors of the global textile industry, especially in the medical application which is considered as one of the most important applications of technical textiles. Plaster (gypsum) and plastics casts are widely used nowadays in hospitals, pharmacies and health care centers. But they are heavy, not washable, do not offer a suitable fixation for bone fractures (e.g. hand wrist) and always in individually sizes. After decrease of swelling, the cast is in a hard form and the stabilization effect of the cast is insufficient due to the occurring of distance between the skin and the cast. In this work, a new pneumatic cast is developed, that depends on a coated fabric as an outer layer, skin friendly fabrics as internal layers, air chamber and metal braces. For more comfort, the cast is anatomically formed and includes four internal layers of cotton/viscose fabric and polyester spacer fabric. The new developed cast controls the pressure on the injured part by using a pneumatic system. In a comparison with plaster and plastic casts that are heavy, not washable, provide an insufficient fixation after swelling decrease and always in individually sizes; the new developed pneumatic cast is light weight, easy to use, washable, mass-produced and offer the required fixation to the injured part during swelling conditions.

Technical textiles are one of the fastest growing sectors of the global textile industry, especially in the medical application which is considered as one of the most important applications of technical textiles. Plaster (gypsum) and plastics casts are widely used nowadays in hospitals, pharmacies and health care centers. But they are heavy, not washable, do not offer a suitable fixation for bone fractures (e.g. hand wrist) and always in individually sizes. After decrease of swelling, the cast is in a hard form and the stabilization effect of the cast is insufficient due to the occurring of distance between the skin and the cast. In this work, a new pneumatic cast is developed, that depends on a coated fabric as an outer layer, skin friendly fabrics as internal layers, air chamber and metal braces. For more comfort, the cast is anatomically formed and includes four internal layers of cotton/viscose fabric and polyester spacer fabric. The new developed cast controls the pressure on the injured part by using a pneumatic system. In a comparison with plaster and plastic casts that are heavy, not washable, provide an insufficient fixation after swelling decrease and always in individually sizes; the new developed pneumatic cast is light weight, easy to use, washable, mass-produced and offer the required fixation to the injured part during swelling conditions.

L'utilisation des microcapsules fabriquées à partir de matériaux respectueux de l'environnement pour des applications textiles médicales a été étudiée et développée fortement au cours des dernières années. Le but de cette thèse est d'élaborer les textiles anti-inflammatoires à base de microcapsules respectueuses de l'environnement, utilisant trois types de matériaux textiles (coton, peco 65/35 et polyester) et cinq niveaux de longueur de boucle (2.81, 2.83, 2.87, 2,96 et 3,05 mm) sur étoffes tricotées à verrouillage de coton (nombre de fils Ne40). Les influences de la concentration en saponine, de la vitesse d'agitation au cours de l'étape d'émulsification et du volume d'éthyle acétate ajouté à la phase aqueuse sur les caractéristiques des microcapsules ont été étudiées. L'étude a également étudié les effets du rapport massique du coton et de la longueur de boucle des étoffes tricotées sur la distribution des microcapsules, la capacité de chargement des microcapsules et la capacité de libération de l'ibuprofène des étoffes tricotées traités par microcapsules. Les microcapsules d'Eudragit RSPO contenant de l'ibuprofène ont été élaborées par la technique d'évaporation de solvant, en utilisant le tensioactif bio-sourcé quillaja saponine et le solvant non halogéné d'éthyle acétate. Les microcapsules obtenues présentaient les formes sphériques avec un diamètre d (0,5) de 21,5 μm, approprié pour les applications textiles. Il a été trouvé que, pour empêcher la déformation des microcapsules pendant la traitement du textile, la séchage doit être effectuée sous vide à 45 ° C. Lorsque le rapport de teneur en fibres de coton dans le tissu augmentait, la distribution des microcapsules était moins régulière, ce qui entraînait un taux de libération plus faible de l'ibuprofène à partir des étoffes tricotées traités aux microcapsules. En outre, lorsque la longueur de la boucle augmente, la capacité de chargement des microcapsules des étoffes tricotées traités augmente, la distribution des microcapsules sur le tissu devient moins régulière et la vitesse de libération de l'ibuprofène des tissus traités aux microcapsules diminue. De plus, l'augmentation de l'extension du étoffes tricotées a favorisé la libération d'ibuprofène à partir des étoffes tricotées traités par les microcapsules à travers la peau de porc / The use of the microcapsules made from eco-friendly materials for medical textile applications has been researched and developed strongly in recent years. The aim of this thesis is to elaborate the anti-inflammatory textiles basing on eco-friendly microcapsules,using three kinds of textile materials (cotton, peco 65/35 and polyester)and five levels of the loop length (2.81, 2.83, 2.87, 2.96 and 3.05 mm) on the cotton interlock knitted fabrics (yarn count Ne40). The influences of the saponin concentration, the stirring rate during the emulsification step and the volume of ethyl acetate added to the aqueous phase on the characteristics of the microcapsules were studied. The influence of condition in drying on microcapsule’s morphology was also investigated.The thesis also researched the effects of cotton mass ratio and loop length of fabric on the microcapsule distribution, the microcapsule loading capability and the release capability of ibuprofen from the microcapsule treated fabrics. The Eudragit RSPO microcapsules containing ibuprofen were successfully elaborated by solvent evaporation technique, using the bio-sourced surfactant quillajasaponin and the non-halogenated solvent ethyl acetate. The obtained microcapsules exhibited the spherical shapes with d(0.5) diameter of 21.5 m, suitable for the textile applications. It was found that in order to keep the microcapsules from deformation during the textile finishing, the drying stage should be carried out in vacuum at 45oC. When the content ratio of cotton fibers in the fabric increased,the microcapsule distribution was less even, resulting in the lower release rate of ibuprofen from the microcapsule-treated fabrics. Besides, when the loop length increased, the microcapsule loading capability of the treated fabrics increased, the microcapsule distribution on the fabric became less even and the release rate of ibuprofen from the microcapsule-treated fabrics decreased. Furthermore, increasing the fabric extension favored the release of ibuprofen from the microcapsule-treated fabrics through the pigskin

I december 2019 rapporterades de första fallen av ett virus benämnt som covid-19 i Wuhan, Kina. Viruset sprider sig snabbt och i takt med den okontrollerade spridningen blir också trycket på sjukvården allt högre. Samtidigt som vården gör allt i sin makt för att räcka till så rapporteras det om global brist på skyddsutrustning. Tillverkningen av ett kirurgiskt munskydd, från fiber till färdig produkt, består av ett omfattande system och kräver material av specifika fibrer som framställs i avancerade processer. Att skapa ett munskydd som besitter möjligheten för återanvändning hade varit ett alternativ i syfte att minska risk för att munskydd tar slut samtidigt som engångsförbrukning minimeras. Syftet med denna studie är att studera och analysera materialval, framställning, konstruktion och krav för kirurgiska munskydd. Studien syftar också till att undersöka alternativa möjligheter till att skapa ett återanvändbart munskydd. Val av metod för insamling av material har haft sin utgångspunkt i litteraturstudier av främst vetenskaplig karaktär. Då ämnet är högaktuellt har nyhetsartiklar från betrodda dagstidningar varit av värde. Intervjuer av kvalitativ läggning genomfördes i syfte att skapa en överskådlig inblick i vårdarbetet. Ett kirurgiskt munskydd fungerar som en skyddande barriär mot överföring av smittämnen mellan personal och patient och är generellt uppbyggt i tre olika lager. Det inre lagret, mittenlagret, är tillverkat genom en process kallad nonwoven meltblown medan de två yttre lagren, det övre och det undre, tillverkas genom en process kallad nonwoven spunbond. Dessa tre lager kalendreras sedan samman och bildar själva filtermediet som därefter veckas och sys i en konverteringslinje. Munskydd är en engångsvara och slängs direkt efter användning. Nawar Kadi, som är professor på Textilhögskolan i Borås, arbetar för tillfället med ett projekt som syftar till att utveckla ett delvis tvättbart munskydd som fungerar att återanvända. I dagsläget finns många aspekter att beakta och frågor att besvara innan projektet går att förverkliga i praktiken men med rätt förutsättningar, ekonomisk stöttning och framförallt beprövade metoder med bakomliggande forskning är möjligheten till att skapa ett återanvändbart munskydd inte långt borta. / In December 2019, the first cases of a virus called covid-19 were reported in Wuhan, China. The virus is spreading rapidly and in connection with the uncontrolled spread, the pressure on healthcare is also increasing. At the same time as healthcare is doing everything in its power to suffice, a global lack of protective equipment is reported. The manufacture of a surgical face mask, from fiber to finished product, consists of a comprehensive system and requires materials of specific fibers produced in advanced processes. Creating a face mask that possesses the possibility of reuse would have been an alternative with the aim of reducing the risk of face mask ending while minimizing disposable consumption. The purpose of this study is to analyze material selection, manufacture, construction and requirements for surgical face masks. The study also aims to explore alternative ways of creating a reusable face mask. The choice of method for collecting material has been based on literature studies of a primarily scientific nature. As the topic is highly current, news articles from trusted newspapers have been of value. Qualitative interviews were conducted with the aim of providing a clear insight into the healthcare work. A surgical face mask serves as a protective barrier against the transmission of infectious agents between staff and patients and is generally constructed in three different layers. The inner layer is made by a process called nonwoven meltblown, while the two outer layers, the upper and the lower, are made by a process called nonwoven spunbond. These three layers are then calendered together to form the filter media, which is then pleated and seamed in a converting line. The surgical face mask is a disposable item and is discarded immediately after use. Nawar Kadi, who is a professor at Textilhögskolan in Borås, is currently working on a project aimed at developing a partially washable face mask that thus functions to reuse. At present, there are many aspects to consider and questions to answer before the project can be realized in practice but with the right conditions, financial support and proven methods with underlying research, the possibility of creating a reusable face mask is not far away.

Traumatic rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can cause local destabilization and loss of mobility. Reconstruction using engineered ACL grafts is rarely successful due to sub-optimal material choice and mechanical performance. Thus, the presented work demonstrates the fabrication of various embroidered single- and bi-component scaffolds made of two commercially available monofilament threads (polydioxanone, poly(lactic acid-co-ɛ- caprolactone)) as well as a novel melt spun poly(L-lactic acid) multifilament and their mechanical analysis by tensile tests and under cyclic loading. Selected scaffolds, adjusted by material composition and textile parameters, revealed a load–strain behavior comparable to native lapin ACL tissue exhibiting a sufficient amount of elastic deformation within the toe-region of 1.7%, scaffold stiffness of 123 N/mm and adequate maximum tensile load (300 N) and strain (20%). Therefore, the design of resorbable embroidered bi-component scaffolds represents a promising approach to replace artificial non-resorbable ligament grafts and allows for innovative tissue engineering strategies.

To prevent the renewed rupture of ligaments and tendons prior to the completed healing process, which frequently occurs in treated ruptured tendons, a temporary support structure is envisaged. The limitations of current grafts have motivated the investigation of tissue-engineered ligament replacements based on the braiding technology. This technology offers a wide range of flexibility and adjustable geometrical and structural parameters. The presented work demonstrates the possible range for tailoring the mechanical properties of polyester braids and a variation of the braiding process parameters. A finite element simulation model of the braiding process was developed, which allows the optimization of production parameters without the performance of further experimental trials. In a second modelling and simulation step, mechanical properties of the braided structures were virtually determined and compared with actual tests. The digital element approach was used for the yarns in the numerical model. The results show very good agreement for the process model in terms of braiding angles and good agreement for the structural model in terms of force-strain behaviour. With a few adaptions, the models can, thus, be applied to actual ligament replacements made of resorbable polymers.

Mellan åren 2008 och 2021 har antalet benskörhetsfrakturer ökat med 30%, främst på grund av att antalet äldre har ökat. Osteoporos (benskörhet) är när benvävnaden blir mindre tät vilket i sin tur resulterar i att skelettet blir allt svagare. En av de vanligaste samt allvarligaste frakturerna till uppkomst av benskörhet sätter sig i höfter, där det varje år sker mellan 15 000– 16 000 frakturer. Höftskyddsbyxor kan beskrivas som ett par specialdesignade underbyxor med skyddande plattor placerade i byxan bilateralt längs höften för att täcka lårbenet. När ett par höftskyddsbyxor används på ett korrekt sätt kan risken minska med upp till 60% för att få en höftfraktur vid fall. Höftskyddsbyxor finns idag på marknaden men ändå väljer en del att inte bära dem. I litteraturen nämns det att vanliga orsaker till att höftskyddsbyxor inte används är att det finns ett missnöje när det gäller estetik, bekvämlighet och elasticitet. Litteraturen nämner även att för att avdöda mikroorganismer är det viktigt att textilen ska kunna tvättas i höga temperaturer. Studiens syfte är att undersöka möjligheten att producera material avsedda för höftskyddsbyxor utan beredningar som är bekväma, elastiska och bibehåller sin kvalitet efter upprepade tvättar i 60°C. Materialen som valts ut för studien omfattar olika kombinationer av cellulosafibrer, regenererade cellulosafibrer samt syntetiska fibrer. Sex tygprover jämfördes med varandra för att se om de mekaniska egenskaperna som identifierats; elasticitet, mekanisk hållfasthet, visuellt utseende och bekvämlighet efter tvätt, kan potentiellt optimeras. Miljöaspekter kring val av fibrer kommer även att diskuteras. Ett företag har lånat ut skyddsplattor till författarna av studien. Studiens resultat ger stöd för att material bestående av syntetiska fibrer presterade högst i materialundersökningen. Resultatet visade att tygprov två hade det högsta totala värdet av alla sex tygprover. Även om tygprovet hade högst värde i flest mätningar så var värdena inte i den utsträckning som hade förväntats. Resultatet påvisade att även om tygprovet fick högst resultat har det sannolikt inte de optimala egenskaperna för ett par höftskyddsbyxor som studien undersökte. Sammantaget kan resultatet av den här studien verka som en förstudie inför framtida studier inom produktutveckling av höftskyddsbyxor. / Between 2008 and 2021, the number of osteoporosis fractures increased by 30%, mainly due to an increase in the number of elderly people. Osteoporosis is when bone tissue becomes less dense, which results in the bones becoming weaker. One of the most common and serious causes of osteoporosis is fractures of the hips, with between 15 000 and 16 000 fractures occurring each year. Hip protectors can be described as a pair of specially designed underwear with protective plates placed in the trousers bilaterally along the hip to cover the femur. When used correctly, a pair of hip protectors can reduce the risk of sustaining a hip fracture in a fall by up to 60%. Hip protectors are currently available on the market, yet some people choose not to wear them. The literature mentions that common reasons for not using hip protectors are dissatisfaction with aesthetics, comfort and elasticity. The literature also mentions that in order to kill microorganisms, it is important that the textile can be washed at high temperatures. The aim of the study is to investigate the possibility of producing textile materials intended for hip protection trousers without preparations that are comfortable, elastic and maintain their quality after repeated washing at 60°C. The materials selected for the study include different combinations of cellulose fibres, regenerated cellulose fibres and synthetic fibres. Six fabric samples were compared to see if the mechanical properties identified; elasticity, mechanical strength, visual appearance and comfort after washing, can potentially be optimised. Environmental aspects of fibre selection will also be discussed. One company has lent protective plates to the authors of the study. The results of the study support that synthetic fibre materials performed best in the material survey. The results showed that fabric sample two had the highest total value of all six fabric samples. Although the fabric sample had the highest value in the most measurements, the values were not to the extent expected. The results showed that although the fabric sample scored highest, it is unlikely to have the optimum properties for a pair of hip protectors that the study investigated. Overall, the results of this study can serve as a preliminary study for future studies in product development of hip protection trousers.