No description available.

No description available.

Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien var att fastställa hur stor andel av högstadie- och gymnasieelever som är smartphone-beroende. Studien genomfördes också för att undersöka om det fanns något samband mellan högstadie- och gymnasieelevers smartphone-beroende och deras upplevda psykiska hälsa. • Hur stor andel av högstadie- och gymnasieelever mellan 15–19 år är smartphoneberoende? • Hur ser fördelningen ut mellan män och kvinnor när det gäller smartphone-beroende och upplevd psykisk hälsa? • Finns det något samband mellan smartphone-beroende och upplevd psykisk hälsa hos högstadie- och gymnasieelever mellan 15–19 år? Metod Det här är en tvärsnittsstudie som har en kvantitativ design och data samlades in med hjälp av en webbenkät. Målgruppen var högstadie- och gymnasieelever i åldrarna 15–19 år som ägde och använde en smartphone. Enkäten bestod av 10 frågor från Smartphone addiction scale - short version som mätte huruvida respondenten var smartphone-beroende och 14 påståenden från Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Questionnaire om upplevd psykisk hälsa. Totalt besvarade 109 personer enkäten, varav 62 kvinnor och 47 män. Resultat 50,5 % (n=55) av studiens deltagare var smartphone-beroende och 49,5 % (n=54) var ej beroende. Kvinnor skattade en något sämre upplevd psykisk hälsa med ett medelvärde på 34 (SD=8,3), männens medelvärde var 30 (SD=8,3). En något större andel kvinnor var smartphone-beroende 52 %, jämfört med männen där 49 % var beroende. Korrelationsanalysen visade att det fanns ett svagt positivt signifikant samband (r=0,24, p=0,01) mellan ett högre skattat smartphone-beroende och en sämre upplevd psykisk hälsa. Slutsats Högstadie- och gymnasieelever som skattade ett högre smartphone-beroende skattade också en sämre upplevd psykisk hälsa. Mer forskning på området behövs för att ta reda på om kausalitet föreligger. Kanske är det så att högstadie- och gymnasieelever är i behov av mer information om smartphone-användande och att det skulle kunna vara en del av skolans undervisning. / Aim The aim with the study was to examine how big share of the high school- and upper secondary school students are smartphone-addicted. The study was also carried out to examine if there was a correlation between smartphone-addiction and experienced mental health. • How big part of the high school and upper secondary school students between 15-19 years old are smartphone-addicted? • How is the distribution between the men and women regarding smartphone-addiction and experienced mental health? • Is there a correlation between smartphone-addiction and experienced mental health among high school and upper secondary school students between 15-19 years old? Method This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative design and data was collected using a webquestionnaire. The target group was high school- and upper secondary school students between 15-19 years old that owned and used a smartphone. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions from Smartphone addiction scale - short version that measured whether the respondent was smartphone-addicted and 14 claims from Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Questionnaire about experienced mental health. A total of 109 people answered the questionnaire, 62 women and 47 men. Results 50,5 % (n=55) of the study participants were smartphone-addicted and 49,5 % (n=54) were not addicted. Women rated a little worse experienced mental health with a mean of 34 (SD=8,3), men’s mean was 30 (SD=8,3). A slightly larger share of women were smartphoneaddicted 52 % compared to the men 49 %. The correlation analysis showed that there was a weak positive significant correlation (r=0,24, p=0,01) between a higher rated smartphoneaddiction and a worse experienced mental health. Conclusions High school and upper secondary school students who rated a higher smartphone-addiction also rated higher about experienced mental health. More research in the area is needed to find out whether causality exists. Perhaps high school and upper secondary school students are in need of more information about smartphone-use and it could be a part of school education.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Bakgrund Vid bedömning av oral dysfagi kan testet Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) användas. Testet bedömer tugg- och sväljfunktion vid intag av fast föda. Normeringsvärden till testet är framtaget på kextyper som inte används i klinisk verksamhet i Sverige. För att kunna börja använda sig av testet i Sverige behövs därför normeringsvärden fastställas för en vanligt förekommande inhemsk kextyp. Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att ta fram svenska normeringsvärden till testet TOMASS. Studien undersöker även förekomst av ålderseffekter och könsskillnader i tugg- och sväljfunktionen vid intaget av fast föda. Metod Studien omfattade 119 deltagare, 57 kvinnor och 62 män i åldrarna 20-80 + år, indelade i åldergrupper på 20-års spann. Deltagarna intog ett Guld Marie kex medan antal bitar av kexet, antal tuggcykler, antal sväljningar samt den totala tidsåtgången för intag av hela kexet observerades. Statistiska och deskriptiva analyser genomfördes för att fastställa normeringsvärden samt undersöka ålders- och könskillnader. Resultat Signifikanta ålders- och könsskillnader påvisades i tugg- och sväljfunktionen. Med stigande ålder ses en ökning av antal bitar av kex, antal tuggcykler, antal sväljningar samt den totala tidsåtgången vid intag av hela kexet. Åldersskillnaderna ses främst efter 60 års ålder. Vad gäller könsskillnader påvisades kvinnor ta fler bitar av kexet, uppvisade fler tuggcykler, svalde oftare samt tog längre tid på sig att inta kexet i jämförelse med män. Studien resulterade i en sammanställning av normeringsvärden indelat efter kön och ålder. Slutsatser Skillnader i tugg- och sväljfunktion finns mellan Guld Marie kex och de andra kextyper som tidigare fått fastställda normeringsvärden för TOMASS. Det föreligger även ålders- och könskillnader i tugg- och sväljfunktionen vid intag av ett Guld Marie kex. Därmed är det viktigt att jämförelser med normeringsvärdena vid testning görs med aktuellt kex samt inom rätt köns- och åldersgrupp.

No description available.

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a conceptual and theoretical understanding of place, with particular emphasis on places of wellbeing and illbeing, by taking account of life as a process. The thesis rests on empirical ground and takes off from the lack of conceptual and theoretical understanding and the neglected relationship between wellbeing, illbeing, place and lived lives in similar research. The theoretical framework deals with chosen views on the object of knowledge and the sources. It deals with the concepts of wellbeing, illbeing, place, place descriptions and life stories. In the light of Nordenfelt’s theory of quality of life and in contrast to space the merged object of knowledge, as places of wellbeing and illbeing, is defined as the positively and negatively experienced geographic, known and meaningful world, surrounding the body. Place descriptions and lifestories are understood as attempts to reconstruct past, present and expected place experiences and life experiences. The method is inspired by Charmaz version of Grounded Theory Method, although the theory is presented at the end of this thesis. Therefore it is called grounded analytical. The survey participants are seniors, for several reasons. They have been found via PRO, SPF, service houses and advertisements. The interviews were usually held at the home of the participants and have been interpreted as fusions of my understanding and the participants' understanding. The interviews focus on what the participants have said, not how, which in turn has decided how the place descriptions and the life stories have been transcribed. In order to get a grip of the transcribed material, it has been read through several times and then exposed to open coding, categorizing, focused coding and conceptual development, paralleled with memos. Conceptual categories that have survived critical tests have merged whereby theoretical contexts finally have been constructed. The chapter on theory and method ends with an ethical discussion about consent, information, confidentiality and use and a general discussion about used quality criteria’s. The empirical chapters are three. The first one deals with the properties of the places of wellbeing and illbeing, from an object perspective. Firstly the places of wellbeing and illbeing seem to be meaningful with positive and negative meanings. They are also spatial, in large and small scale. Some of them seem to shimmer. Most places of wellbeing and illbeing are stationary, but some are mobile. All of them are temporal, but some of them are invariant and others are changing. An overall property is that they all are bound in different ways: sex bound, age bound and class bound. Finally they all seem to be subordinate the thematic characteristics of nature, social aspects, culture, body and activity. The second empirical chapter deals with the opposite and attributed meanings of places of wellbeing and illbeing, from a subject perspective. They are found to be: vital and ill, natural and unnatural, aesthetic and unaesthetic, community and non community, harmonious and disharmonious, homelike and foreign and free and unfree meanings. Free and unfree meanings seem to permeate all of the above attributed meanings. Often there is a combination of the above meanings which together seem to make up for the overall experience of place. The attributed meanings are in their turn interpreted as nourishing and consuming meanings, as pleasing/uncomfortable in an emotional sense, like stimulating/repressive on the psyche and strengthening/weakening of the body. Places of wellbeing and illbeing as nourishing and consuming places are understood as places which have succeeded and failed to satisfy needs and desires, for the seven attributed reasons above. The third empirical chapter deals with the transformation of empirical data into theory, via a process perspective. The chapter starts with an analysis of properties and attributed meanings of places of wellbeing and illbeing found in a whole life story. As a result of the places being obvious in whole lives, the concept of place is interpreted and transformed into life place. Then the meaning of life place is related to the similar concept of life situation. The relationship can be compared to a sliding scale, where the meanings converge in geographical position, valuation in terms of well-being and illbeing and motivations and diverge in cases where life situation excludes geographical position. The concept of life place is then developed with the support of various phenomenological theories which correspond with the empirical data. The final sections offer an overall interpretive framework that shows how life places of wellbeing and illbeing appear in the light of lived lives. Results show that life places are held up as memorable, attracting and repulsive life places. Attracting life places are hunted and consumed of its nourishing ingredients, in other words positive attributed meanings, with the goal to satisfy needs and desires. Correspondingly repulsive life places have been abandoned because of their consuming ingredients, in other words negatively attributed meanings, which have been at odds with needs and desires and thus failed to satisfy them. In a final attempt to theorize on how life places of wellbeing and illbeing appear in the light of lived lives, as attracting and repulsive life places, they are moreover interpreted as valuable contrasts in life, in both physical and phenomenological sense. Consequently they are also called contrast life places. The last chapter deals with the results in relation to other place-oriented research, the scientific contribution of knowledge and the relevance of the knowledge in public health policy. / <p>Licentiatavhandlingen är inte tryckt utan enbart elektroniskt publicerad.</p>