Bakgrund: Hjärtsvikt är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem. Det påverkar patientens och närståendes vardagliga liv, orsakar lidande och minskat välbefinnande samt leder ofta till en begränsad fysisk förmåga hos patienten att leva på samma sätt som tidigare. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av egenvård vid hjärtsvikt.                  Metod: En litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ metod genomfördes. Tolv vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades utifrån Fribergs beskrivning av kvalitativ femstegsanalys.          Resultat: Litteraturöversikten påvisar att patienter beskriver olika erfarenheter av egenvård vid hjärtsvikt. Vid analysen av materialet framkom två teman: kunskap och förståelse med subteman informationsbehov och motivation samt strategier med subteman att förändra livsstil, att känna igen och hantera symtom samt att hantera läkemedel. Patienters erfarenheter innefattar behov av att få information om sjukdomen och bygga upp motivation för att kunna utföra egenvård. Att göra livsstilsförändringar är en strategi som kan lindra symtomen och minska behovet av sjukvårdskontakter. Slutsats: Hjärtsviktspatienter har varierande erfarenheter kring egenvård och egenvårdskapacitet. Kunskap och förståelse baserat på individanpassad information från sjuksköterskan kring hjärtsvikt är avgörande för patienter vid utförande av egenvård. / Background: Heart failure is a global public health problem. It affects the patient's and relatives' daily lives, causes suffering and reduced well-being and often leads to a limited physical ability of the patient to live in the same way as before.                      Aim: To describe patients' experiences of self-care in heart failure.                        Method: A literature review with a qualitative method was conducted. Twelve scientific articles were analyzed based on Friberg's description of qualitative five-step analysis. Results: The literature review shows that patients described different experiences of self-care in heart failure. The analysis of the material evolved two themes: knowledge and understanding with sub-themes information needs and motivation as well as strategies with sub-themes to change lifestyle, to recognize and manage symptoms and to manage drugs. Patients' experiences include the need to receive information about the disease and build motivation to be able to perform self-care. Making lifestyle changes is a strategy that can alleviate the symptoms and reduce the need for healthcare contacts.                                                                                    Conclusion: Heart failure patients have varying experiences regarding self-care and self-care capacity. Knowledge and understanding based on individualized information from the nurse about heart failure is crucial for patients when performing self-care.

No description available.

Foot ulcers are a common and difficult complication of diabetes, and can end with amputation of the foot. Although some patients fear amputation more than death, adherence to self-care to prevent ulceration is generally low. This raises the question about how people at risk of foot ulcerations perceive risks. The aim the thesis is to explore whether people with and without known risk factors for foot ulcerations (male gender, previous foot ulcer, and previous amputation) experience different levels of probability of developing foot ulcers the coming 12 months. A questionnaire was sent to 1230 patients at two prosthetics and orthotics clinics in Örebro and Gothenburg. 443 responses were included in the analysis. The association between each risk factor and perceived risk of foot ulcer was investigated with a Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square test. Subsequently, all risk factors were included in a multiple logistic regression analysis with perceived foot ulcer risk as the dependent variable. The Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square test showed that people with previous foot ulcers experienced significantly higher risk (p<0.05) than people without previous foot ulcers and people with amputation experienced higher risk than people without amputation. Gender was not significantly associated with perceived foot ulcer risk. In the logistic regression analysis, previous foot ulcer was significantly associated with higher perceived risk of future foot ulcers, while sex and amputation were not significant. Presumably, amputation was not significant in the logistic regression analysis because there was a strong association between previous foot ulcer and amputation. The model explained only 8,3 % of the variance in perceived foot ulcer risk, which indicates that there may be several other factors affecting perceived risk of foot ulcers. The lack of significant association between sex and perceived risk can be interpreted as an optimism bias among men and/or a pessimism bias among women, which would be interesting to investigate further in future research. Future studies should use more precise methods to measure subjective risk, measure the negative value of foot ulcers and investigate interventions to promote a more realistic perception of risk to promote self-care and reduce risk of foot ulcer.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Huden är ett viktigt organ med viktiga funktioner i kroppen som att till exempel hållakroppstemperaturen, förmedla känslor, minska vätskeförlust samt utgör en fysisk barriär. Huden äruppbyggd av tre lager som kallas för överhude läderhud och subkutan fettvävnad. Hudens funktionsom fysisk barriär kan förstöras vid sår. Direkt efter en sårskada startar flera processer som ärhemostas, inflammation, proliferation och ombyggnad. Olika medel kan användas vid behandlingav sår till exempel honung. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturarbetet var att studera om honung har en eller fler medicinska effekter påsårläkning. Metod: Denna litteraturstudie utfördes genom sökning i PubMed. Fem randomiseradekontrollerade studier inkluderades. Resultat: I studie 1 kunde honung påskynda sårläkning så honunggruppen hade läkningtid förfotsår som var 31 ± 4 dagar och kontrollgruppen hade 43 ± 3 dagar (P <0 , 05). I studie 2 jämfördessmärtnivå. Tiden som krävdes för smärtfrihet var 5,53 ± 0, 9 dagar i honungsgrupp och7,65 ± 1,29 dagar i kontrollgruppen (P < 0,001). I studie 3 hade såren hos 19 (52,8%) patienter ihonungsgruppen läkt efter 5 veckor jämfört med 13 (36,1%) patienter i kontrollgruppen. I studie 4förbättrades munsårläkning vid herpes i honunggruppen under dagarna 3 och 5 jämfört medkontrollgruppen, skillnaden var statistiskt signifikant (P=0,001). I studie 5 bestämdes sårläkningmed hjälp av mått på sårstorlek vid start, dag 3 och dag 7 efter tandbortagning. Resultatet visade attsårstorleken var signifikant mindre i honungsgruppen jämfört med kontrollgruppen (P = 0,002och P = 0,006) dag 3 och 7 efter tandbortagning. Slutsats: Honung har goda mediciniska effekter på sårläkning. Honung var effektivt för bådepåskyndning av sårläkning samt lindring av smärta som orsakades av sår. Den förkortar tid försårläkning, lindrar smärta och kan minska användning av smärtlindrande mediciner.När det gäller sårläkning kan honung påskynda sårläkning men inte på alla sårtyper såsomkirurgiska sår. Honung är både effektivt hos barnpatienter och vuxna patienter samt effektivt påolika sårtyper.

Background: End of life is the last stage in life. Patients experience that a good quality of life is most important in care at the end of life. In the end-of-life care, patients and relatives experience a need for communication, relationship and confirmation from the nurses. Patients want to be handled as unique people with individual needs. To go through the process at the end of life is a struggle for dying patients and their relatives, it is the nurses responsibility to ease the suffering for both patients and relatives. This is important for the patients and relatives to experience confirmation and that the nurses don't cause more suffering. Aim: To describe the nurse's experience of caring for patients at the end of life. Method: A general literature review, where seven articles with a qualitative method and four quantitative articles are analyzed. Results: After analysis five themes emerged. Nurses needfor education, palliative care as both challenging and giving, the importance of cooperation,the importance of effective communication and the relationship with patients and relatives. Nurses experienced that they could have a caring relationship with the patients by involving them in their care. To have experience of caring at the end of life and having knowledge within palliative care was essential for the nurses knowledge development. Conclusion: By highlighting nurses' experience of care at the end of life, one can draw conclusions that nurses need training and knowledge at the end-of-life care. In addition to knowledge, nurses need support and communication to be able to encourage cooperation among workcolleagues. Keywords: Caring relationship, dignity, end of life, experiences and palliative care

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Background: The meal environment has an important significance for people with dementia. The background describes, among other things, how the disease dementia causes difficulties with intake of food and drink, how the meal situation is an important part of everyday life, the importance of the meal environment and the nurse's nursing responsibility. It then follows a presentation of the steering document and guidelines, person-centered care for people with dementia disease and theoretical and medical sciences as well as nursing responsibilities. Problem: Malnutrition is a problem in people with dementia, due to their reduced cognitive ability and a non-optimal meal environment. A poor meal environment can cause nutritional deficiencies, weight loss, dehydration, fatigue, depression, pressure ulcers and infections in people with dementia. Aim: The purpose is to elucidate the importance of the meal environment for people with dementia. Method: Literature review with thirteen articles; six articles with qualitative- and six articles with quantitative approach and one article with mixed method have been analysed. Result: Two main themes were identified that were important for the meal environment for people with dementia. These were sensory impressions and person-centered meal environment. Conclusions: To improve food and beverage intake and to prevent malnutrition in people with dementia, some important factors were highlighted in the results section. The factors are: the environment in the dining room, Person-centered care and interaction between the nurse and people with dementia are important parts of the meals. In addition, the problems malnutrition and weight loss cause when food and drink intake decrease, as well as the nurse's responsibility in nursing measures, were addressed.Keyword: Dementia, interaction, malnutrition, meal environment.