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Morfologia de ovos, larvas e adultos de Paratanaisia bragai (Santos, 1934) Freitas, 1959 (Digenea, Eucotylidae) e histopatologia do rim de Columba livia (Gm.) infectado / Morphology of eggs, larvae and adult of Paratanaisia bragai (Santos, 1934) Freitas, 1959 (Digenea, Eucotylidae) and histopathology of the kidney Columba livia infectedXAVIER, Vanessa Barreto 24 February 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / CAPES / Paratanaisia bragai is a digenetic that reaches sexual maturity in the collecting ducts of domestic and wild birds, and larval development using the snail Subulina octona or Leptinaria unilamellata. The embryonated eggs are released with the waste products of the definitive host and the infection settles in the snail by ingestion of these. After hatching, the miracidium, develop inside the snail two sporocysts generations, cercariae and metacercariae. The definitive host acquires infection by ingestion of parasitized snail. The present study was aimed to identify the action of the parasite on the kidney of pigeons, Columba livia, through histology, and the morphometry, morphology and ultrastructure using light microscopy, scanning electron and transmission of the egg, larval stages (miracidium , cercariae and metacercariae) and adult helminth P. bragai. The adults pigeons were obtained near the Central de Abastecimento do Estado do Rio de Janeiro S.A, Iraj?, Munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro. After parasitological examination in the laboratory, to check infection, the pigeons infected were necropsied to collect helminth and infected kidney. The pigeons were used as uninfected controls. The experimental protocols were approved by the ethics committee on research UFRRJ. Histopathology showed dilatation of the renal tubules, with mononuclear inflammatory cells, formation of papilliform structure projecting into the tubular lumen and metaplasia of the epithelium of the collecting tubule walls, from simple cubic in the tubules uninfected to pseudostratified in infected kidney with P. bragai. The eggs are elliptical, with operculum at the anterior end and a knot at the posterior end, abopercular region. The eggshell is rough and composed of three layers: inner, middle and outer with thicknesses and different electrondense. The miracidium is elongated, with terebratorium the anterior end and body covered with cilia. The cercariae have cylindrical body that tapers slightly in the posterior region. The tegument is rough, the oral sucker is subterminal, the acetabulum stands in the middle third of the body. Papillae were observed around the oral sucker. A similar rudimentary tail structure was observed in some cercariae. The metacercariae observed through histological sections visualized the oral sucker, acetabulum, scales and cyst that consist of three layers, inner, middle and outer, of different thicknesses. The presence of the layers was confirmed by visualization of histological sections of metacercariae in scanning electron microscopy. The adult parasite is elongated and flattened body with oral sucker, pharynx, vitelline glands extending to the region of cecal bifurcation and then the median region of the body. The genital pore visualized a structure that is everted the cirrus in rosette form. In the adult stage the tegument is covered with scales of various types; simple scales, with two, three, four, five and seven divisions, a characteristic that may contribute to ratify the taxonomic classification of the parasite. / Paratanaisia bragai ? um digen?tico que atinge a maturidade sexual nos ductos coletores de aves dom?sticas e silvestres, e para o desenvolvimento larval utiliza o molusco Subulina octona ou Leptinaria unilamellata. Os ovos embrionados s?o liberados com os produtos de excre??o do hospedeiro definitivo e a infec??o no molusco se estabelece pela ingest?o destes. Ap?s a eclos?o do mirac?dio, desenvolvem-se no interior do molusco duas gera??es de esporocistos, cerc?rias e metacerc?rias. O hospedeiro definitivo adquire a infec??o por ingest?o do molusco parasitado. O presente estudo teve como objetivos: verificar a a??o do parasito sobre o rim de pombos, Columba livia, atrav?s da an?lise histopatol?gica bem como analisar a morfometria, morfologia e ultraestrutura utilizando a microscopia de luz, eletr?nica de varredura e transmiss?o do ovo, est?gios larvais (mirac?dio, cerc?ria e metacerc?ria) e helminto adulto de P. bragai. Pombos adultos foram obtidos pr?ximos a Central de Abastecimento do Estado do Rio de Janeiro S.A, Iraj?, Munic?pio Rio de Janeiro. Ap?s exame coproparasitol?gico, no laborat?rio, para verifica??o da infec??o, os pombos infectados foram necropsiados para a coleta dos helmintos e do rim infectado. Os pombos n?o infectados foram utilizados como grupo controle. Os protocolos experimentais foram aprovados pela comiss?o de ?tica na pesquisa da UFRRJ. A an?lise histopatol?gica revelou dilata??o dos t?bulos renais, processo inflamat?rio com c?lulas mononucleadas, forma??o de estrutura papiliforme projetando-se para a luz tubular e metaplasia do epit?lio da parede do t?bulo coletor, de epit?lio c?bico simples nos t?bulos n?o infectados a pseudroestratificado nos rins infectados com P. bragai. Os ovos s?o el?pticos, com op?rculo na extremidade anterior e n? na extremidade posterior, regi?o abopercular. A casca apresenta-se ?spera e composta por tr?s camadas: interna, m?dia e externa de espessuras e eletrondensidades diferentes. O mirac?dio ? alongado, com terebratorium na extremidade anterior e corpo coberto por c?lios. As cerc?rias apresentam corpo cil?ndrico que se afunila ligeiramente na regi?o posterior. O tegumento ? rugoso, a ventosa oral ? subterminal, o acet?bulo destaca-se no ter?o m?dio do corpo. Papilas foram verificadas ao redor da ventosa oral. Uma estrutura semelhante ? cauda rudimentar foi observada em algumas cerc?rias. Nas metacerc?rias observadas atrav?s de cortes histol?gicos visualizou-se a ventosa oral, o acet?bulo, as escamas e cisto composto por tr?s camadas, interna, m?dia e externa, de espessuras diferentes. A presen?a das camadas foi confirmada na visualiza??o dos cortes histol?gicos das metacerc?rias na microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. O parasito adulto tem corpo alongado e achatado com ventosa oral, faringe, gl?ndulas vitelog?nicas extracecais que se prolongam anteriormente at? a regi?o de bifurca??o cecal e posteriormente a regi?o mediana do corpo. No poro genital visualiza-se uma estrutura evertida que ? o cirro em formato de roseta. No est?gio adulto o tegumento ? coberto por escamas de v?rios tipos; escamas simples, b?fidas, tr?fidas, com quatro, cinco e sete divis?es, caracter?stica que pode contribuir para ratificar a classifica??o taxon?mica do parasito.
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Ocorr?ncia de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii e fatores determinantes da infec??o canina em Ilh?us-Itabuna, BA.CARLOS, Renata Santiago Alberto 22 February 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-02-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq. / Toxoplasma gondii is an obrigatory intracelular parasite that has the felids as definitive host
(DH) and the homoeothermic animals as intermediary hosts (IH). The infection occurs by
ingesting sporulated oocysts that were eliminated in DH feces, by bradyzoites when ingested
by IH meat or by tachyzoites when occur vertical transmission. In this study, 529 canine
blood samples were collected, 120 at the municipality of Itabuna, and 409 at the municipality
of Ilh?us. All blood samples of Itabuna were consisted of animals from domiciled urban areas.
From Ilh?us, 96 were domiciled from urban areas, 135 were urban but strayed dogs from
Centre for Zoonosis Control (CZC) and 178 were domiciled and from rural area. The Indirect
hemagglutination test was used to test the presence of anti-T. gondii and a questionnaire were
applied to the domiciled dog owners to analyze risk factors associated to the infection. From
all 529 dogs, 193 were positive (36.5%). At Ilh?us 37.7% (154/255) and at Itabuna 32.5%
(39/81) of animals were positive. The risk factors associated to the infection were localization,
rural dogs had higher chance than urban (p=0.001), the behavior, the strayed urban dogs had
more chance than the urban domiciled dogs (p=0.01), home-made food and meat ingestion
(p= 0.034 and 0.027 respectively), race, the undefined race dogs had more risk (p=0.0001)
and age, were the animals under five years old had a higher risk to the infection (p=0.009).
The presence of veterinary assistance was considered as a protection factor. The logistic
regression confirmed the habitat and age of the animals as the main risk factor associsted with
the infection. / Toxoplasma gondii ? um parasito intracelular obrigat?rio que tem como hospedeiro definitivo
membros da fam?lia Felidae e animais homeot?rmicos como hospedeiros intermedi?rios. A
infec??o se d? pela ingest?o de oocistos esporulados eliminados nas fezes dos felinos, pela
ingest?o de bradizo?tos nos tecidos dos HI ou ainda pela transmiss?o vertical de taquizo?tos.
Neste estudo coletou-se sangue de 529 c?es, sendo 120 do munic?pio de Itabuna e 409 de
Ilh?us. Todos os animais de Itabuna eram urbanos domiciliados. Dentre os c?es de Ilh?us, 96
eram urbanos domiciliados, 135 eram urbanos errantes provenientes do Centro de Controle de
Zoonoses (CCZ), e 178 eram rurais domiciliados. Foi realizado o Teste de Hemaglutina??o
Indireta (HAI) para analisar a presen?a de anticorpos anti-T.gondii e um question?rio foi
aplicado junto aos propriet?rios dos animais domiciliados para avalia??o dos principais
fatores de risco associados ? infec??o. Do total de 529 c?es, 193 foram positivos (36,5%). No
munic?pio de Ilh?us 37,7% (154/255) e em Itabuna 32,5% (39/81) foram positivos. Os fatores
de risco associados ? infec??o foram o habitat, onde os animais rurais tiveram maior risco do
que os urbanos (p=0,001), o modo de vida, em que os animais urbanos errantes tiveram maior
risco do que os urbanos domiciliados (p=0,01), ingest?o de comida caseira e de carne (p=
0,034 e 0,027, respectivamente), ra?a apresentando os SRD com maior risco (p=0,0001) e
idade onde os animais acima de cinco anos tiveram maior risco (p=0,009). A presen?a de
orienta??o do M?dico Veterin?rio se mostrou fator de prote??o (p=0,002). A regress?o
log?stica confirmou como principais fatores de risco a idade e o habitat dos animais do estudo
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Caracteriza??o genot?pica, estudo filogen?tico e algumas considera??es epidemiol?gicas de Cryptosporidium spp. parasitando aves dom?sticas e ex?ticas no estado do Rio de JaneiroGOMES, Raquel Saucier 09 February 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-02-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq. / This study aimed to diagnose and characterize genetically the species and genotypes of
Cryptosporidium in stool samples from poultry and exotic birds marketed in Rio de Janeiro
involving possible risk factors for infection. We analyzed 180 poultry sold in local markets
and 103 exotic birds from breeding and pet shops. For analysis, the DNA extracted from fecal
sample suspension was used to amplify the 18S rDNA sequences by nested-PCR technique.
The amplicons generated were subjected to RFLP using the enzymes SspI and VspI, and
sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, to confirm the species. Different species of
Cryptosporidium were indentified in faecal samples of poultry and exotic birds. In the
analysis of sites of enzymatic cutting products of nested-PCR gene 18SR DNA, the species C.
bailey was the only one that displayed a characteristic cut-off, but other samples were. The
following species were diagnosed: C. baileyi (GU082387) infecting ducks (Anas
platyrhynchus domesticus), C. parvum in quails (Coturnix japonica) (GU082384 and
GU082386), chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) (GU082390 and GU082391), duck
(GU082388) and Manon (Lonchura striata domestica) (GU074390). The Avian genotype III
was identified in caulker (Lonchura padda oryzivora) (GUO74384) and cockatiel (Nymphicus
hollandicus) (GU074385, GU074386 and GU074387). The sequences of canaries (Serinus
canarius) received access numbers GU074388 and GU074389, but it was not possible to
identify the species of Cryptosporidium, because of the large genetic distance between them
and those already deposited in GenBank, suggesting a new genotype or a new specie.
Although C. baileyi and Avian genotype III are common in birds, the diagnosis of C.
parvum is a worrying finding, since this species are more associated with mammals. Birds can
be considered as reservoirs and disseminators of environmental infective form of the parasite,
allowing the infection to a large number of species of hosts, including in the man in the
epidemiological chain. / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo diagnosticar e caracterizar geneticamente esp?cies e/ou
gen?tipos de Cryptosporidium em amostras fecais de aves dom?sticas e ex?ticas
comercializadas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, associando poss?veis fatores de risco da
infec??o. Foram analisadas 180 aves dom?sticas comercializadas em mercados locais e 103
aves ex?ticas de criadouros e petshops. Para as an?lises, o DNA extra?do de suspens?o de
amostra fecal foi utilizado na amplifica??o das seq??ncias do 18S rDNA atrav?s da t?cnica
Nested-PCR. Os amplicons gerados foram submetidos ? RFLP, utilizando as enzimas SspI e
VspI, e ao seq??nciamento, para a confirma??o das esp?cies. Foram identificadas esp?cies de
Cryptosporidium em amostras fecais de aves dom?sticas e ex?ticas. Durante as an?lises dos
s?tios de corte enzim?tico dos produtos da Nested-PCR do gene 18Sr DNA, a esp?cie C.
baileyi foi a ?nica que apresentou padr?o de corte caracter?stico, por?m nas demais amostras
foi necess?ria a confirma??o atrav?s do sequenciamento e estudo filogen?tico. Foi
diagnosticado C. baileyi (GU082387) infectando patos (Anas platyrhynchus domesticus); C.
parvum em codornas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) (GU082384 e GU082386), pintos (Gallus
gallus domesticus) (GU082390 e GU082391), pato (GU082388) e manon (Lonchura striata
domestica) (GU074390). O gen?tipo avi?rio III foi identificado pela primeira vez em calafate
(Lonchura padda oryzivora) (GUO74384) e em calopsita (Nymphicus hollandicus)
(GU074385, GU074386 e GU074387). As seq??ncias de can?rios (Serinus canarius)
receberam os n?meros de acesso GU074388 e GU074389, por?m n?o foi poss?vel a
identifica??o da esp?cie de Cryptosporidium, devido ? grande dist?ncia gen?tica entre elas e
aquelas j? depositadas no GenBank, sugerindo novo gen?tipo ou uma nova esp?cie . Embora
C. baileyi e o gen?tipo Avi?rio III sejam comuns em aves, o diagn?stico de C. parvum ? um
achado preocupante, j? que esta esp?cie est? mais associada com mam?feros. Aves podem ser
consideradas como reservat?rios e disseminadoras ambientais da forma infectante do
protozo?rio, possibilitando a infec??o para um amplo n?mero de esp?cie de hospedeiros
incluindo, nesta cadeia epidemiol?gica, o ser humano.
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Causas de condena??o de carca?as e ?rg?os de bovinos em frigor?ficos sob servi?o de inspe??o federal no estado do Maranh?o: tend?ncia hist?rica e perdas econ?micasPereira, Arisa Mandarino 25 February 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / The objectives of this study were the prevalence and secular trends of causes
of condemnation of carcasses and organs of cattle slaughtered in Maranh?o
state and estimate the economic losses associated. Data sources were the five
slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection Service in the state. The data were from 1
January 2002 to 31 December 2009 and were obtained in the Management
Information System Federal Inspection Service in the state. The prevalence of
condemnation was calculated per 100,000 cattle inspected. The chi-square for
trend and linear regression were used. The chi-square was used to evaluate the
significance of association between prevalence of the condemnation causes
and establishment and differences between proportions of condemnation
forequarters and hindquarters. The main causes of condemnation of carcasses
were lesions suggestive of brucellosis and tuberculosis prevalence of 16 and
18/100,000 respectively. The historical trend in prevalence of brucellosis
suggestive lesions was slightly up while in tuberculosis suggestive lesion was
descending. The linear relationship between prevalence of tuberculosis and years
studied was significant (p-value<0.01) but no significant difference for
brucellosis (p-value = 0.53). The forequarters are more condemned than the
hindquarters (p-value<0.01) and the main cause of condemnation is
adenitis/lymphadenitis with prevalence of 09/100,000 and 03/100,000 for
forequarters and hindquarters respectively. Traumatic injury was the second
major cause of condemnation of forequarters (34x10-2) and third in
hindquarters (60x10-2). Among the organs the most condemned is the lung
(p=17,508/100,000) followed by kidney (10,800/100,000) while tongue
(p=1,021/100,000) is the less condemned. Organs had as major condemnation
cause the contamination, except lung and kidneys which had as first cause of
condemnation emphysema (p=3,329/100,000) and anemic infarction
(p=7,585/100,000) respectively. Historical trends condemnation of tongues,
hearts, livers and head for contamination were rising. Lungs and kidneys
showed historical trend contamination to condemnation downward. The cattle
slaughtered under Federal Inspection Service in Maranh?o State had low
prevalence of condemnation for pathological causes. Lesions suggestive of
brucellosis and tuberculosis are the most important causes of carcasses condemnation
and cause big economic losses. Nevertheless, other causes of condemnation
such as adenitis/lymphadenitis traumatic injury and contamination must be
considered, mainly because of its relationship with inadequate manage on farm
and slaughterhouse by operations insufficiently controlled. Although market
price of organs is lower than meat, the economic losses are higher for organs
condemnation than carcasses due to the large number of organs condemnation / Os objetivos deste estudo foram conhecer a preval?ncia e a tend?ncia secular
das principais causas de condena??o de carca?as e ?rg?os de bovinos abatidos
no estado do Maranh?o e estimar as perdas econ?micas associadas. As fontes
de dados foram os cincos matadouros frigor?ficos sob Servi?o de Inspe??o
Federal do estado. Os dados de abate de bovinos e condena??o s?o referentes
ao per?odo de 01 de janeiro de 2002 a 31 de dezembro de 2009 e foram obtidos
mediante acesso ao Sistema de Informa??es Gerencias do Servi?o de Inspe??o
Federal no estado. As preval?ncias de condena??o foram calculadas por
100.000 bovinos inspecionados. O teste de qui-quadrado para tend?ncia e a
regress?o linear simples foram utilizados. O teste do qui-quadrado para
independ?ncia foi utilizado para avaliar a signific?ncia da associa??o entre a
preval?ncia das causas de condena??o e os estabelecimentos e as diferen?as
entre as propor??es de condena??o de quartos traseiros e dianteiros. As
preval?ncias de condena??o de carca?as e ?rg?os diferiram significativamente
(p-valor<0,01) entre os estabelecimentos. As principais causas de condena??o
de carca?as foram les?es sugestivas de brucelose e tuberculose com
preval?ncia de 16 e 18/100.000, respectivamente. A tend?ncia hist?rica da
preval?ncia de condena??o por les?o sugestiva de brucelose mostrou-se
levemente ascendente enquanto que a da tuberculose descendente. A rela??o
linear entre a preval?ncia de tuberculose e anos estudados foi significativa (pvalor<
0,01), mas sem diferen?a significativa para brucelose (p-valor=0,53). Os
quartos os dianteiros foram mais condenados que os traseiros (p-valor<0,01) e
as principais causas de condena??es foram adenite/linfadenite (p=09/100.000)
para dianteiros e (p=03/100.000) para traseiros. Les?o traum?tica foi a segunda
maior causa de condena??o de quartos dianteiros (p=34x10-2) e a terceira em
traseiros (p=60x10-2). Dentre os ?rg?os, o mais condenado foi o pulm?o
(p=17.508/100.000) seguido pelos rins (p=10.800/100.000) enquanto que a
l?ngua (p=1.021/100.000) foi o menos condenado. A principal causa de
condena??o de ?rg?os foi contamina??o, exce??o para os pulm?es e os rins que
tiveram como principal causa de condena??o enfisema (p=3.329/100.000) e
infarto an?mico (p=7.585/100.000), respectivamente. As tend?ncias de
condena??o de l?nguas, cora??es, cabe?a e f?gados para contamina??o foram
ascendentes. As principais causas de condena??o de pulm?es e rins foram
enfisema (p=3.329/100.000) e infarto an?mico (p=7.585/100.000),
respectivamente. Esses dois ?rg?os apresentaram tend?ncia descendente para
condena??o por contamina??o. O rebanho bovino abatido sob o Servi?o de
Inspe??o Federal do Estado do Maranh?o apresentou baixas preval?ncias de
condena??es por causas patol?gicas. Les?es sugestivas de brucelose e
tuberculose s?o as causas de condena??o de carca?as que trazem maiores
perdas econ?micas. Outras causas de condena??o como adenite/linfadenite
les?o traum?tica e contamina??o revelam manejos inadequados na fazenda e
opera??es de abate insuficientemente controladas pelos matadourosfrigor?ficos.
As altas preval?ncias de condena??o de ?rg?os por contamina??o
revelam descuido dos estabelecimentos, no processo de obten??o desses nas
linhas de abate indicando necessidade de interven??o nos pontos cr?ticos de
contamina??o e melhor treinamento dos funcion?rios dos frigor?ficos. Embora
o pre?o de mercado de ?rg?os seja menor que o da carne com osso, as perdas
econ?micas estimadas para estes foram duas vezes maior que as resultantes da
condena??o carca?as.
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Uso do iodeto de pot?ssio no tratamento da esporotricose em felinos dom?sticos (Felis catus domesticus, linnaeus, 1758) naturalmente infectados:an?lise cl?nica e das fun??es hep?ticas, renal e tireoidiana / Use of potassium iodide in felines (Felis catus domesticus) sporotrichosis treatment: clinical observations, and liver, kidney and thyroid evaluationsSena, Priscila das Merc?s de 31 May 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-05-31 / The Spotrhrix schenckii is widely dispersed in nature, especially in temperate and
tropical climates. Sporotrichosis is the most common human subcutaneousmycosis in Latin
America. In domestic feline, tissues can be found with a abundance of this parasite, fact that it
is not usual in other species, so becoming a significantzoonoticagent. The objective in this
study was to evaluate the regressiontimeoftheclinical disease, the side effects with Potassium
Iodide (KI) administration, in dosis of 10 and 20mg/kg of weight, also evaluation the total T4
hormone concentrations, as well as the possible alterations of hemogram, and renal and
hepatic serum biochemistrybyusingthismedication. Were used in this experimentation 14
domestic cats (Felis catusdomesticus), 11 males and three females, with indefinite race, and a
mean age of 3.7 years old and average weight of 3.9 kg, with the disease sporotrichosis, all
from Rio de Janeiro city. The animal selection was done through the confirmation of the
sporotrichosis disease, by collecting material and conducting to mycological culture
procedure. The animals were divided into two groups randomly: group I (10 mg of KI/ kg of
weight), and group II (20 mg of KI/ kg of weight). Clinical and laboratory evaluations were
performed in all cats in the study. Besides the total T4, the following laboratory tests were
performed: hemogram, urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine-aminotransferase,
gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate-aminotransferase. All tests were repeated every 15
days, and clinical evaluation was performed daily. This study concluded after comparison
between the two groups that weren?t significant alterations in time regression of disease, as
well as in that laboratorial analysis, but there were differences in side effects, so, dosis of 10
mg / kg of weight, once daily was the most right treatment of feline sporotrichosis / O Spotrhrix schenckii, agente etiol?gico da esporotricose,? amplamente disperso na
natureza, especialmente em ambientes de climas temperados e tropicais. A esporotricose ? a
micose subcut?nea humana mais comum na Am?rica Latina, e o felino tem potencial
zoon?tico significativo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o tempo de regress?o da doen?a
cl?nica e as fun??es hep?tica, renal e tiroideana, com uso do iodeto de pot?ssio (IK) nas doses
de 10 ou 20 mg/kg de peso, para tratamento da micose. Foram utilizados 14 felinos
dom?sticos (Felis catus domesticus), sendo 11 machos e tr?s f?meas, ra?a indefinida, com
idade m?dia de 3,7 anos e peso m?dio 3,9 kg, portadores da doen?a e provenientes do
Munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro. A sele??o dos animais foi realizada atrav?s da confirma??o da
doen?a, por meio da coleta de material e realiza??o de cultura micol?gica. Os animais foram
divididos em dois grupos, de forma aleat?ria: grupo I (dose de 10 mg de IK/kg de peso) e
grupo II (dose de 20 mg de IK/kg de peso), com m?dia do tempo de tratamento de 63 dias.
Avalia??o cl?nica e laboratorial foi realizada em todos os gatos do estudo. Al?m do T4 total,
os seguintes exames laboratoriais foram realizados: hemograma, ur?ia, creatinina, fosfatase
alcalina, alanina-aminotransferase, gama-glutamiltransferase, aspartato-aminotransferase.
Todos os exames foram repetidos a cada 15 dias, do in?cio ao final dotratamento e avalia??o
cl?nica foi realizada diariamente. Este estudo concluiu, comparando-se os dois grupos, que
n?o houve diferen?a estatisticamente significativa no tempo de regress?o da doen?a, mas
houve diferen?as nos efeitos colaterais. Os animais do grupo I que apresentaram v?mitos e
diarr?ia foram em n?mero de dois e os animais do grupo II apresentaram efeits colaterais cmo
v?mitos, diarr?ia, prostra??o, anorexia, desidrata??o, febre, saliva??o, pelagem seca.Sendo a
dose de 10 mg/kg, uma vez ao dia, a mais adequada para o tratamento de esporotircose felina,
pois n?o provocou altera??es cl?nicas, laboratoriais e hormonais significativas
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Efeito da aplica??o de ocitocina durante a ordenha sobre a efici?ncia reprodutiva de vacas mesti?as submetidas ? insemina??o artificial em tempo fixo / Effect of oxytocin during milking on reproductive performance of milk cows crossbred submitted to artificial insemination in timeMASCARENHAS, Leandro Mendes 26 February 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / In cows, the "critical time" of the estrous cycle determined by the physiological state that must be defined to maintain the corpus luteum (CL) and pregnancy or luteolysis and a new estrus occurs 15 to 19 days after ovulation. The mechanisms involved in premature luteolysis and regression of the CL are not yet understood complements. It is probable that the early CL regression is related to PGF2a release mediated by the endometrium lower concentrations of P4 receptors, higher concentrations of OT receptors, or both, in the endometrium. Thus, uterine receptors for P4 and OT may influence the secretion of PGF2a from the 10th day of the cycle, during which the CL is more sensitive to the luteolytic action of PGF2a. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exogenous OT, postpartum crossbred cows on reproductive efficiency, with emphasis on the period of maternal recognition of pregnancy. The experiment was conducted in Bom Jesus do Itabapoana, Northwest Region Fluminense between September 2013 and January 2014. Twenty- four cows were entered into a TAI program (D0 - progestin releasing intravaginal device + estradiol benzoate (EB - 2 mg, im); D8 - intravaginal device removal and application of PGF2a (0.526 mg, im); D9 - BE (1 mg, im); D10 - IA). After ovulation, cows were divided randomly into two groups: GO (n=12): oxytocin (25 IU, iv, milking morning and afternoon), GC (n=12): without OT. Sonographic evaluations were performed on days 10, 15, 18, 28 and 42. The diameter of CL was calculated as the average of the two major axes and volumes (vol) using the formula for volume of a sphere (V = 4/3p ? (D / 2) 3) where D is the average diameter (DM) of CL. On day 28 of pregnancy diagnosis, confirmed at 45 and 60 days was carried out. We observed an increase in GC DM CL between the 10th and 18th. In GO DM CL decreased among 10th and 15th and most cows expressed estrus before day 18 (9/12 - 75%), six (50%) with return to estrus between the 15th and 18th. The vol. CL was higher in cows GC at all times with a significant difference (p<0.05) compared to GO on the 15th. Cows in the CG had vol. CL higher at all times and had a higher pregnancy rate (41.7%) compared to GO (25 %). The rates of fertilization and maintenance of pregnancy until day 42 demonstrates the low reproductive efficiency in GO compared to the CG (p=0.0022). With successive inseminations at 90 days one seven cows were empty in CG (8.33%) and GO (58.3%), respectively. The pattern of development and regression of the CL confirms the involvement of OT in the reproductive activity of lactating cows. The low reproductive efficiency in GO is probably due to the action of OT, confirming the hypothesis that exogenous OT can inhibit the maternal recognition of pregnancy. / Em vacas, o ?per?odo cr?tico? do ciclo estral determinado pelo estado fisiol?gico em que deve ser definida a manuten??o do corpo l?teo (CL) e da prenhez ou a lute?lise e um novo estro ocorre 15 a 19 dias ap?s a ovula??o. Os mecanismos envolvidos com a lute?lise prematura e regress?o do CL ainda n?o est?o complemente compreendidos. ? prov?vel que a regress?o precoce do CL esteja relacionada ? libera??o de PGF2a pelo endom?trio mediada por concentra??es mais baixas de receptores de P4, maiores concentra??es de receptores de OT, ou ambos, no endom?trio. Assim, receptores uterinos para a P4 e OT podem influenciar a secre??o de PGF2a a partir do 10? dia do ciclo, per?odo em que o CL ? mais sens?vel ? a??o luteol?tica da PGF2a. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da OT ex?gena, no p?s-parto de vacas mesti?as sobre a efici?ncia reprodutiva, com ?nfase no per?odo do reconhecimento materno da gesta??o. O experimento foi conduzido em Bom Jesus do Itabapoana, Regi?o Noroeste Fluminense entre setembro de 2013 e janeiro de 2014. Vinte e quatro vacas foram inseridas em um programa de IATF (D0 - dispositivo intravaginal liberador de progest?geno + benzoato de estradiol (BE - 2 mg, i.m.); D8 - remo??o do dispositivo intravaginal e aplica??o de PGF2a (0,526 mg, i.m.); D9 - BE (1 mg, i.m.); D10 ? IA). Ap?s a ovula??o, as vacas foram distribu?das aleatoriamente em dois grupos: GO (n=12): 25 UI ocitocina, i.v., na ordenha da manh? e da tarde; GC (n=12): sem OT. Avalia??es ultrassonogr?ficas foram realizadas nos dias 10, 15, 18, 28 e 42. O di?metro do CL foi calculado pela m?dia dos maiores eixos e os volumes (vol.) por meio da f?rmula para volume de uma esfera (V= 4/3p x (D/2)3), em que D ? o di?metro m?dio (DM) do CL. No dia 28 foi realizado o diagn?stico da gesta??o, confirmada aos 45 e 60 dias. Observou-se no GC um aumento do DM do CL entre os dias 10 e 18. No GO o DM do CL diminuiu entre os dias 10 e 15 e a maioria das vacas manifestaram cio antes do dia 18 (9/12 ? 75%), sendo seis (50%) com retorno ao cio entre os dias 15 e 18. O vol. do CL foi maior nas vacas do GC em todos os momentos com diferen?a significativa (p<0,05) em rela??o ao GO no dia 15. As vacas do GC tiveram o vol. do CL maior em todos os momentos e obtiveram uma maior taxa de prenhez (41,7%) comparativamente ao GO (25%). As taxas de fecunda??o e manuten??o da gesta??o at? o 42o dias evidencia a baixa efici?ncia reprodutiva no GO em rela??o ao GC (p=0,0022). Com sucessivas insemina??es aos 90 dias uma e sete vacas estavam vazias no GC (8,33%) e GO (58,3%), respectivamente. O padr?o de desenvolvimento e regress?o do CL confirma o envolvimento da OT na atividade reprodutiva de vacas em lacta??o. A baixa efici?ncia reprodutiva no GO deve-se provavelmente ? a??o da OT, confirmando a hip?tese de que a OT ex?gena pode inibir o reconhecimento materno da gesta??o.
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Biodiversidade das comunidades endoparasit?rias de peixes forrageiros do reservat?rio de Tr?s Marias, alto rio S?o Francisco, Brasil / Biodiversity of endoparasite communities of forage fishes from the Tr?s Marias Reservoir, Upper S?o Francisco river, BrazilALBUQUERQUE, M?rcia Cavalcanti de 25 January 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-01-25 / CAPES / CNPq / This study aimed to identify the parasite species of eight forage fish species from the Tr?s Marias reservoir; to clarify some aspects about their parasite faunas through the quantification of the parasite parameters (prevalence, intensity and , abundance); to determine diversity indices of each endocommunity; to compare the endoparasite communities using qualitative and quantitative methods; and to investigate which biotic and abiotic factors were relevant in the endoparasite communities structuration. A total of 492 fish (Characiformes, Characidae) were collected in the Tr?s Marias reservoir (18?12'59"S, 45?17'34"W), upper S?o Francisco river, State of Minas Gerais, between May 2003 and July 2010. Of these total, 44 specimens were of Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758), 76 of Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819), 70 of Bryconops affinis (G?nther, 1864), 64 of Hemigrammus marginatus Ellis, 1911, 41 of Moenkausia costae (Steindachner, 1907), 51 of Orthospinus franciscensis (Eigenmann, 1914), 63 of Tetragonopterus chalceus Spix & Agassiz, 1829 and 83 of Triportheus guentheri (Garman, 1890). Were found 21 endoparasite species among the eight communities ? Digenea: Creptotrema creptotrema Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928, Magnivitellinum simplex Kloss, 1966, unidentified species of Digenea (adults), Austrodiplostomum sp. and Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Braun, 1899 (metacercariaes); Eucestoda: unidentified species of Cyclophyllidea (metacestode) and unidentified species of Proteocephalidae (plerocercoids); Nematoda: Procamallanus saofranciscencis Moreira, Oliveira & Costa, 1994, Rhabdochona spA., Spinitectus rodolphiheringi Vaz & Pereira, 1934 (adults), Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Goezia sp., unidentified species of Cucullanidae, Procamallanus sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp., Spiroxys sp., Rhabdochona sp. and Cystidicoloides fischeri (Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928) (larvas); Myxozoa: Henneguya sp. (plasmodium with spores); and Protozoa (Apicomplexa): Calyptospora sp. (cysts with oocysts). Seven of these species were more frequent between the eight hosts: plerocercoids of Proteocephalidae, P. saofranciscencis, Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Spiroxys sp., Rhabdochona sp. and Henneguya sp.. The A. bimaculatus was the richest (16 endoparasite species) and the T. guentheri was the most diverse (Shannon-Wiener = 0,86) communiity. The H. marginatus was the less rich (nine taxa) and diverse community (Shannon-Wiener = 0,03). The most qualitative similarity was between the A. bimaculatus and A. fasciatus communities, while the most quantitative similarity occurred between the H. marginatus and O. franciscensis communities. The structure of parasite communities was mainly influenced by five factors: biotic ? fish species, size and diet; and abiotic: water electrical conductivity and fish collection period. However, the fish diet seems to be the major determining composition of the parasite communities of forage fish from the Tr?s Marias reservoir. / Este trabalho teve como objetivos identificar as esp?cies de parasitos de oito esp?cies de peixes forrageiros do reservat?rio de Tr?s Marias; esclarecer alguns aspectos sobre suas faunas parasit?rias atrav?s da quantifica??o dos par?metros parasit?rios (preval?ncia, intensidade e abund?ncia); determinar ?ndices de diversidade de cada endocomunidade; comparar quantitativa e qualitativamente as comunidades endoparasit?rias desses oito hospedeiros; e investigar quais fatores bi?ticos e abi?ticos foram relevantes na estrutura??o das comunidades endoparasit?rias. Um total de 492 peixes (Characiformes, Characidae) foram coletados no reservat?rio de Tr?s Marias (18?12'59"S, 45?17'34"W), alto rio S?o Francisco, Minas Gerais, entre maio de 2003 e julho 2010. Desse total, 44 esp?cimes eram de Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758), 76 de Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819), 70 de Bryconops affinis (G?nther, 1864), 64 de Hemigrammus marginatus Ellis, 1911, 41 de Moenkausia costae (Steindachner, 1907), 51 de Orthospinus franciscensis (Eigenmann, 1914), 63 de Tetragonopterus chalceus Spix & Agassiz, 1829 e 83 de Triportheus guentheri (Garman, 1890). Foram encontradas 21 esp?cies de endoparasitos dentre as oito comunidades - Digenea: Creptotrema creptotrema Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928, Magnivitellinum simplex Kloss, 1966, uma esp?cie n?o identificada (adultos), Austrodiplostomum sp. e Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Braun, 1899 (metacerc?rias); Eucestoda: esp?cie n?o identificada de Cyclophyllidea (metacestoide) e esp?cie n?o identificada de Proteocephalidae (plerocercoides); Nematoda: Procamallanus saofranciscencis Moreira, Oliveira & Costa, 1994, Rhabdochona spA., Spinitectus rodolphiheringi Vaz & Pereira, 1934 (adultos), Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Goezia sp., esp?cie n?o identificada de Cucullanidae, Procamallanus sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp., Spiroxys sp., Rhabdochona sp. e Cystidicoloides fischeri (Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928) (larvas); Myxozoa: Henneguya sp. (plasm?dio com esporos); e Protozoa (Apicomplexa): Calyptospora sp. (cistos com oocistos). Sete dessas foram mais frequentes dentre os oito hospedeiros: plerocercoides de Proteocephalidae, P. saofranciscencis, Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Spiroxys sp., Rhabdochona sp. e Henneguya sp.. A comunidade de A. bimaculatus foi a mais rica (16 esp?cies de endoparasitos) e a de T. guentheri a mais diversa (Shannon-Wiener = 0,86). A comunidade de H. marginatus foi a menos rica (nove t?xons) e diversa (Shannon-Wiener = 0,03). A maior similaridade qualitativa foi entre as comunidades de A. bimaculatus e A. fasciatus, enquanto que a maior similaridade quantitativa se deu entre as comunidades de H. marginatus e O. franciscensis. A estrutura das comunidades parasit?rias foi influenciada principalmente por cinco fatores: bi?ticos ? esp?cie, comprimento e dieta dos peixes; e abi?ticos ? condutividade el?trica da ?gua e ?poca de coleta dos peixes. Contudo, a dieta dos peixes pareceu ser o maior determinante da composi??o das comunidades endoparasit?rias dos forrageiros do reservat?rio de Tr?s Marias.
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Avalia??o do perfil glic?dico e da biologia reprodutiva de Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca) experimentalmente co-infectada por Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda) e Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda)BOMFIM, Tatiane Cristina dos Santos 25 February 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / CNPq / The interaction between intermediate hosts and helminths can cause metabolic and reproductive changes in the host snail, they start using their reserves to maintain its vital functions, immune system activation, repair of tissue damage and also to supply the necessary energy for the parasites development. Investigations of co-infection by different helminths can provide essential information about the biology of their co-existence. Our aims are investigate the reproductive changes, evaluate the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and the concentrations of glucose in the hemolymph and glycogen in the digestive gland complex and cephalopedal mass, and also verify histological and histochemical changes of Biomphalaria glabrata experimentally co-infected with Echinostoma paraensei and Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Five groups of snails i.e. uninfected, with single and double infections, either E. paraensei first (E+A) or A. cantonensis first (A+E) were followed; three times a week during four weeks the numbers of egg masses, eggs and hatched snails were counted. Histological and histochemical samples of the ovotestis, albumen gland, digestive gland complex and cephalopedal mass were collected after four weeks as well samples for the biochemical analysis. The number of egg masses/snail, eggs/snail and hatched snails showed significant differences comparing the control group to all infected groups, especially in group E + A, with the majority of values of parameters analyzed lower than 50% of those observed for control snails. A significant decrease in glucose levels and glycogen content, in contrast an increase of lactate dehydrogenase activity was observed in the infected snails. These results indicate intense energy demand that takes the snail increasing the anaerobic degradation of carbohydrates in the infected snails to obtain energy in an attempt to maintain homeostasis. The histological analysis showed that presence of both parasites in the all organs analyzed and the parasites were associated with cell disorganization. / A intera??o entre hospedeiros intermedi?rios e helmintos pode causar altera??es metab?licas e reprodutivas no molusco hospedeiro, que come?am a usar suas reservas para manter as fun??es vitais, na elabora??o de resposta imunol?gica e repara??o de danos teciduais e tamb?m para compensar a drenagem de nutrientes/energia pelos parasitos em desenvolvimento. Investiga??es sobre as co-infec??es por helmintos de esp?cies diferentes podem fornecer informa??es essenciais sobre a biologia da sua co-exist?ncia, refletindo aspectos mais pr?ximos ?queles que encontramos em condi??es naturais. Nossos objetivos foram investigar as altera??es reprodutivas, avaliar a atividade da lactato desidrogenase e as concentra??es de glicose na hemolinfa e glicog?nio no complexo gl?ndula digestiva-g?nada e massa cefalopediosa, e tamb?m verificar altera??es histol?gicas e histoqu?micas de Biomphalaria glabrata experimentalmente co-infectados com Echinostoma paraensei e Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Cinco grupos de moluscos (n?o infectados, com infec??es simples (Echinostoma paraensei ou Angiostrongylus cantonensis) e dupla, seja E. paraensei primeiro (E + A) ou A. cantonensis primeiro (A + E)) foram acompanhados; tr?s vezes por semana durante quatro semanas o n?mero de massas de ovos, n?mero de ovos e n?mero de moluscos eclodidos foram contados. Amostras para a an?lise histol?gica e histoqu?mica do ovoteste, gl?ndula do alb?men, complexo gl?ndula digestiva e massa cefalopediosa foram coletadas ap?s quatro semanas, assim como amostras para a an?lise bioqu?mica. O n?mero de massas de ovos/molusco, ovos/molusco e moluscos eclodidos dos moluscos infectados apresentaram diferen?as significativas quando comparados com o grupo controle, especialmente no grupo E + A, cuja a maioria dos valores dos par?metros analisados foi inferior a 50% dos valores observados para os moluscos controle. Um decr?scimo significativo nos n?veis de glicose e de glicog?nio, em contraste com um aumento de atividade da lactato desidrogenase foi observado nos exemplares infectados. Estes resultados indicam que a demanda de energia intensa leva o molusco infectado ao aumento da degrada??o anaer?bia de carboidratos para obten??o de energia buscando atender ao aumento da demanda energ?tica, numa tentativa de manter a homeostase glic?mica, por?m redu??es significativas s?o observadas. As an?lises histol?gicas e histoqu?micas mostraram a presen?a de ambos os parasitos nos ?rg?os analisados associados com intensa desorganiza??o celular.
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