Today many children have limited experiences with the outdoors or nature. In most suburbs where people originate from many countries and have various ways of understanding nature is it perhaps in preschool that several children for the first time experience nature. This survey is qualitative and the main research methods are participant observations and interviews. The theories used in this study are mainly based on the thoughts of Dewey and Vygotskij as well as on ideas from outdoor education and different ways or ideas of understanding nature. The purpose with this study is to make clear in what ways nature is used by the teachers in preschool activities and how this work is done in preschools in multicultural suburbs. Questions at issue are: What way of understanding nature are the teachers trying to convey to the children? How is nature used in the ordinary outdoor activities by the preschool teachers? What are the teachers experiences of success and problems in this work? The conclusion is that nature is used in preschool activities in many ways. The most prominent ones are different types of learning for example subjects as mathematics and language or simply the experience of enjoying nature or the development of the childrens motor function and health. In these outdoor activities also the meeting between cultures, where Swedish as well as preschool traditions become clear, can be observed.

O estudo investiga a presença dos músicos búlgaros na vida musical de Manaus que resultou no encontro de duas culturas: a cultura búlgara e cultura brasileira. A partir desse foco, definiram-se outros objetivos específicos como: registrar e analisar informações sobre a participação dos músicos búlgaros na vida musical da cidade, destacar as instituições que possibilitaram sua atuação profissional, delimitar as áreas da música nas quais houve a participação dos búlgaros, discutir as trocas mútuas entre músicos búlgaros e brasileiros, analisar as consequências do encontro entre as duas culturas, refletir sobre as diferenças culturais, dificuldades e/ou benefícios que elas apresentaram para ambos os lados. Essa pesquisa alinha -se às ideias do filósofo e lingüista búlgaro Tzvetan Todorov sobre alteridade, a questão do Outro e o dialogo multicultural. Para o desenvolvimento desse estudo foi adotado o método da história oral. Foram realizadas 24 entrevistas com 26 colaboradores das duas nacionalidades (18 búlgaros e 8 brasileiros) com a intenção de abordar o tema de ângulos diferentes. Além das entrevistas foram utilizadas informações das fontes documentais, depoimentos escritos ou áudios recebidos via e-mail e telefone. Como resultado dessa investigação destacaram-se os principais pontos que caracterizam o encontro das duas culturas: as diferenças culturais e sua aceitação, o processo de adaptação e as aprendizagens mútuas. O resultado da análise dos dados apontou as consequências da presença dos músicos búlgaros na cidade e afirmou a sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento de Manaus no âmbito cultural. Essa pesquisa, além de ser registro de um recorte da história cultural da capital amazonense, situa o lugar dos músicos búlgaros no processo de construção da cultura musical local, colaborando para um melhor entendimento dos acontecimentos ocorridos na vida musical de Manaus nas últimas décadas. / The current study investigates Bulgarian musicians presence in Manaus musical life, which resulted in a two cultures meeting: Bulgarian and Brazilian cultures. From this point, it was defined other specific objectives such as: recording and analyzing information about Bulgarian musicians participation in the musical life of the city; to highlight the institutions that made possible their professional performance; to delimit the areas of music in which the Bulgarians participated; to discuss the mutual exchanges between Bulgarian and Brazilian musicians; to analyze the consequences of the encounter between the two cultures; to reflect on cultural differences and difficulties and / or contributions they submitted to both sides. This research aligns itself with the the Bulgarian philosopher and linguist Tzvetan Todorov’ ideas about otherness, the question of the other and multicultural dialogue. For this study development it was adopted the oral history method. Twenty-four interviews were conducted with 26 Bulgarian and Brazilian interviewees. In order to approach the theme from different angles, collaborators of the two nationalities were interviewed, 18 Bulgarians and 8 Brazilians. In addition to the interviews, it was used information from documentary sources and written testimonies or audios, received via e-mail and telephone. As a result of this investigation, the main points that characterize the encounter of both cultures were highlighted: cultural differences and their acceptance, the process of adaptation and mutual learning. The data analysis result pointed out the consequences of the Bulgarian musicians presence in the city and affirmed its contribution to Manaus cultural scope development. This research, besides being a record of Amazonian capital cultural history cut, it locates Bulgarian musicians in the construction process of the local musical culture, as well as collaborates for a better understanding of the events occurred in Manaus musical life in the last decades.

O estudo investiga a presença dos músicos búlgaros na vida musical de Manaus que resultou no encontro de duas culturas: a cultura búlgara e cultura brasileira. A partir desse foco, definiram-se outros objetivos específicos como: registrar e analisar informações sobre a participação dos músicos búlgaros na vida musical da cidade, destacar as instituições que possibilitaram sua atuação profissional, delimitar as áreas da música nas quais houve a participação dos búlgaros, discutir as trocas mútuas entre músicos búlgaros e brasileiros, analisar as consequências do encontro entre as duas culturas, refletir sobre as diferenças culturais, dificuldades e/ou benefícios que elas apresentaram para ambos os lados. Essa pesquisa alinha -se às ideias do filósofo e lingüista búlgaro Tzvetan Todorov sobre alteridade, a questão do Outro e o dialogo multicultural. Para o desenvolvimento desse estudo foi adotado o método da história oral. Foram realizadas 24 entrevistas com 26 colaboradores das duas nacionalidades (18 búlgaros e 8 brasileiros) com a intenção de abordar o tema de ângulos diferentes. Além das entrevistas foram utilizadas informações das fontes documentais, depoimentos escritos ou áudios recebidos via e-mail e telefone. Como resultado dessa investigação destacaram-se os principais pontos que caracterizam o encontro das duas culturas: as diferenças culturais e sua aceitação, o processo de adaptação e as aprendizagens mútuas. O resultado da análise dos dados apontou as consequências da presença dos músicos búlgaros na cidade e afirmou a sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento de Manaus no âmbito cultural. Essa pesquisa, além de ser registro de um recorte da história cultural da capital amazonense, situa o lugar dos músicos búlgaros no processo de construção da cultura musical local, colaborando para um melhor entendimento dos acontecimentos ocorridos na vida musical de Manaus nas últimas décadas. / The current study investigates Bulgarian musicians presence in Manaus musical life, which resulted in a two cultures meeting: Bulgarian and Brazilian cultures. From this point, it was defined other specific objectives such as: recording and analyzing information about Bulgarian musicians participation in the musical life of the city; to highlight the institutions that made possible their professional performance; to delimit the areas of music in which the Bulgarians participated; to discuss the mutual exchanges between Bulgarian and Brazilian musicians; to analyze the consequences of the encounter between the two cultures; to reflect on cultural differences and difficulties and / or contributions they submitted to both sides. This research aligns itself with the the Bulgarian philosopher and linguist Tzvetan Todorov’ ideas about otherness, the question of the other and multicultural dialogue. For this study development it was adopted the oral history method. Twenty-four interviews were conducted with 26 Bulgarian and Brazilian interviewees. In order to approach the theme from different angles, collaborators of the two nationalities were interviewed, 18 Bulgarians and 8 Brazilians. In addition to the interviews, it was used information from documentary sources and written testimonies or audios, received via e-mail and telephone. As a result of this investigation, the main points that characterize the encounter of both cultures were highlighted: cultural differences and their acceptance, the process of adaptation and mutual learning. The data analysis result pointed out the consequences of the Bulgarian musicians presence in the city and affirmed its contribution to Manaus cultural scope development. This research, besides being a record of Amazonian capital cultural history cut, it locates Bulgarian musicians in the construction process of the local musical culture, as well as collaborates for a better understanding of the events occurred in Manaus musical life in the last decades.

O estudo investiga a presença dos músicos búlgaros na vida musical de Manaus que resultou no encontro de duas culturas: a cultura búlgara e cultura brasileira. A partir desse foco, definiram-se outros objetivos específicos como: registrar e analisar informações sobre a participação dos músicos búlgaros na vida musical da cidade, destacar as instituições que possibilitaram sua atuação profissional, delimitar as áreas da música nas quais houve a participação dos búlgaros, discutir as trocas mútuas entre músicos búlgaros e brasileiros, analisar as consequências do encontro entre as duas culturas, refletir sobre as diferenças culturais, dificuldades e/ou benefícios que elas apresentaram para ambos os lados. Essa pesquisa alinha -se às ideias do filósofo e lingüista búlgaro Tzvetan Todorov sobre alteridade, a questão do Outro e o dialogo multicultural. Para o desenvolvimento desse estudo foi adotado o método da história oral. Foram realizadas 24 entrevistas com 26 colaboradores das duas nacionalidades (18 búlgaros e 8 brasileiros) com a intenção de abordar o tema de ângulos diferentes. Além das entrevistas foram utilizadas informações das fontes documentais, depoimentos escritos ou áudios recebidos via e-mail e telefone. Como resultado dessa investigação destacaram-se os principais pontos que caracterizam o encontro das duas culturas: as diferenças culturais e sua aceitação, o processo de adaptação e as aprendizagens mútuas. O resultado da análise dos dados apontou as consequências da presença dos músicos búlgaros na cidade e afirmou a sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento de Manaus no âmbito cultural. Essa pesquisa, além de ser registro de um recorte da história cultural da capital amazonense, situa o lugar dos músicos búlgaros no processo de construção da cultura musical local, colaborando para um melhor entendimento dos acontecimentos ocorridos na vida musical de Manaus nas últimas décadas. / The current study investigates Bulgarian musicians presence in Manaus musical life, which resulted in a two cultures meeting: Bulgarian and Brazilian cultures. From this point, it was defined other specific objectives such as: recording and analyzing information about Bulgarian musicians participation in the musical life of the city; to highlight the institutions that made possible their professional performance; to delimit the areas of music in which the Bulgarians participated; to discuss the mutual exchanges between Bulgarian and Brazilian musicians; to analyze the consequences of the encounter between the two cultures; to reflect on cultural differences and difficulties and / or contributions they submitted to both sides. This research aligns itself with the the Bulgarian philosopher and linguist Tzvetan Todorov’ ideas about otherness, the question of the other and multicultural dialogue. For this study development it was adopted the oral history method. Twenty-four interviews were conducted with 26 Bulgarian and Brazilian interviewees. In order to approach the theme from different angles, collaborators of the two nationalities were interviewed, 18 Bulgarians and 8 Brazilians. In addition to the interviews, it was used information from documentary sources and written testimonies or audios, received via e-mail and telephone. As a result of this investigation, the main points that characterize the encounter of both cultures were highlighted: cultural differences and their acceptance, the process of adaptation and mutual learning. The data analysis result pointed out the consequences of the Bulgarian musicians presence in the city and affirmed its contribution to Manaus cultural scope development. This research, besides being a record of Amazonian capital cultural history cut, it locates Bulgarian musicians in the construction process of the local musical culture, as well as collaborates for a better understanding of the events occurred in Manaus musical life in the last decades.

<p>This report is based on a field study that was carried out in India. The aim of this field study is to find out how the religious education is carried out at Jiva Public School in Faridabad. The questions that are tried to be answered are if the teachers at this school integrate religious education in some of their subjects, if they see any problems performing this kind of education and what attitudes teachers’ have towards religious education.</p><p>In the presentation of previous research, opinions of several international researchers regarding religious education and their thoughts about how a good religious education can be designed will be made.</p><p>The empirical material has been assembled by doing qualitative semi-structured interviews with teachers at the school mentioned above. This kind of method suits well the aim and questions since the focus will be on trying to understand these teachers way to reason and act. When describing the methods, other problems that can occur during a field study are presented.</p><p>The results are presented in text but also in diagrams, so that the reader can get a good overview. In the analysis and discussion the results will refer to the previous research.</p><p>While analysing the empirical material a result was that a majority of the teachers did not integrate religious education in some of their subjects. They did not see it as their task and they meant that it is less important to get absorbed about people’s different beliefs since India is a secular state. You should not give any religion preference so why should you discuss about religions in your teaching? The focus should instead be on acceptance and to teach the pupils to respect each other no matter what. The teachers that did integrate religion in their subjects did this by celebrating religious festivals within the school. Only two teachers practised “ordinary” lessons when teaching about religions.</p> / <p>Denna uppsats baseras på en fältstudie som har utförts i Indien. Syftet med fältstudien är att undersöka hur religionsundervisningen ser ut på Jiva Public School i Faridabad. Frågeställningarna som ska försöka besvaras är hur lärare på denna skola integrerar religionsundervisning i något av sina ämnen, om de kan se några problem med att utföra denna typ av undervisning och hur lärarnas inställning till religionsundervisning ser ut.</p><p>I avsnittet Tidigare forskning redovisas flera internationella forskares syn på just religionsundervisning och hur de tycker att bra religionsundervisning kan vara utformad.</p><p>Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med lärare på ovannämnda skola. Denna metod passar syftet och frågeställningarna bäst eftersom fokus kommer att ligga på att försöka förstå dessa lärares sätt att diskutera och agera. I metodavsnittet kommer också andra relevanta problem man som forskare kan ställas inför då en fältstudie skall utföras att tas upp.</p><p>Resultatet presenteras i löpande text, men också med diagram för att göra det hela mer överskådligt samt lättförståeligt. I analys- och diskussionsavsnittet kommer resultatet att knytas till den tidigare forskningen.</p><p>Vid analysen av det empiriska materialet visade det sig att de flesta lärare inte integrerar religion i något av sina ämnen. Detta på grund av att de ansåg att det inte var deras uppgift. De menade också att det var mindre viktigt att fördjupa sig i vad andra människor har för trosuppfattning eftersom Indien är en sekulär stat. Ingen religion skall ha företräde och varför skall man då diskutera religion i sin undervisning? Istället borde fokus ligga på acceptans och att lära eleverna att bara respektera varandra utan vidare. De lärare som däremot integrerade religion i sina ämnen gjorde detta genom att fira olika religiösa högtider på skolan. Endast två lärare använde sig av ”traditionella” lektioner då de undervisade om religion.</p>

This report is based on a field study that was carried out in India. The aim of this field study is to find out how the religious education is carried out at Jiva Public School in Faridabad. The questions that are tried to be answered are if the teachers at this school integrate religious education in some of their subjects, if they see any problems performing this kind of education and what attitudes teachers’ have towards religious education. In the presentation of previous research, opinions of several international researchers regarding religious education and their thoughts about how a good religious education can be designed will be made. The empirical material has been assembled by doing qualitative semi-structured interviews with teachers at the school mentioned above. This kind of method suits well the aim and questions since the focus will be on trying to understand these teachers way to reason and act. When describing the methods, other problems that can occur during a field study are presented. The results are presented in text but also in diagrams, so that the reader can get a good overview. In the analysis and discussion the results will refer to the previous research. While analysing the empirical material a result was that a majority of the teachers did not integrate religious education in some of their subjects. They did not see it as their task and they meant that it is less important to get absorbed about people’s different beliefs since India is a secular state. You should not give any religion preference so why should you discuss about religions in your teaching? The focus should instead be on acceptance and to teach the pupils to respect each other no matter what. The teachers that did integrate religion in their subjects did this by celebrating religious festivals within the school. Only two teachers practised “ordinary” lessons when teaching about religions. / Denna uppsats baseras på en fältstudie som har utförts i Indien. Syftet med fältstudien är att undersöka hur religionsundervisningen ser ut på Jiva Public School i Faridabad. Frågeställningarna som ska försöka besvaras är hur lärare på denna skola integrerar religionsundervisning i något av sina ämnen, om de kan se några problem med att utföra denna typ av undervisning och hur lärarnas inställning till religionsundervisning ser ut. I avsnittet Tidigare forskning redovisas flera internationella forskares syn på just religionsundervisning och hur de tycker att bra religionsundervisning kan vara utformad. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med lärare på ovannämnda skola. Denna metod passar syftet och frågeställningarna bäst eftersom fokus kommer att ligga på att försöka förstå dessa lärares sätt att diskutera och agera. I metodavsnittet kommer också andra relevanta problem man som forskare kan ställas inför då en fältstudie skall utföras att tas upp. Resultatet presenteras i löpande text, men också med diagram för att göra det hela mer överskådligt samt lättförståeligt. I analys- och diskussionsavsnittet kommer resultatet att knytas till den tidigare forskningen. Vid analysen av det empiriska materialet visade det sig att de flesta lärare inte integrerar religion i något av sina ämnen. Detta på grund av att de ansåg att det inte var deras uppgift. De menade också att det var mindre viktigt att fördjupa sig i vad andra människor har för trosuppfattning eftersom Indien är en sekulär stat. Ingen religion skall ha företräde och varför skall man då diskutera religion i sin undervisning? Istället borde fokus ligga på acceptans och att lära eleverna att bara respektera varandra utan vidare. De lärare som däremot integrerade religion i sina ämnen gjorde detta genom att fira olika religiösa högtider på skolan. Endast två lärare använde sig av ”traditionella” lektioner då de undervisade om religion.