Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Tulsa, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 87-105.

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Clinical Psychology) in the Department of Psychology University of Zululand, 2005. / There is an increasing international need for additional interventions to be established that prevent mental illness and promote mental health. This study set out to investigate the impact of exercise as a treatment option for depression and low levels of psychological well-being over a two-month period. A comprehensive literature review examining previous studies using exercise as a treatment approach for depression and psychological well-being formed a foundation from which this study could be based. The design of this study used both a quantitative and qualitative approach. Data was collected through standardized questionnaires and completed pre and post-test by forty participants randomly assigned to an experimental and control group. Additional data was attained through two open-ended questions given to participants in the experimental group. The quantitative results were not statistically significant however did indicate clear trends towards positive changes in certain variables. These results in conjunction with the qualitative findings suggested that exercise does have a positive impact on depression and psychological well-being.

Jag har under projektet studerat två klassiska stycken för klassisk piano och utforskat hur mental övning upplevs när det sker parallellt med fysisk övning. I arbetet fokuserade jag på att under- söka följande mentala övningsmetoder: analysera musiken, visualisera att jag spelade instru- mentet, auditivt att jag kunde höra musiken samt att kinestetiskt känna när jag själv spelade musiken. Syftet har varit att finna flera sätt att instudera musik som inte är beroende av instru- mentet. Forskningen utgick från ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv där jag förde loggbok över pro- cessen. I resultatet ställer jag de olika övningsmodellerna mot varandra och diskuterar upple- velsen. Jag påvisar där en positiv inställning till att analysera musiken samt att visualisera den. I diskussionen problematiseras resultatet mot tidigare forskning på området. / During the project, I have studied two classical pieces for classical piano and explored how mental practice is experienced when it happens in parallel with physical practice. In this work, I focused on investigating the following mental practice methods: analyzing the music, visual- izing that I was playing the instrument, auditorily that I could hear the music, and kinesthetically feel when I played the music without the instrument. The aim has been to find several ways to practice music that are not dependent on the instrument. The research was based on a phenom- enological perspective where I kept a logbook of the process. In the result, I put the different exercise models against each other and discuss the experience. I demonstrate there a positive attitude towards analyzing the music and visualizing it. In the discussion, the results are prob- lematized against previous research in the area.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Den psykiska ohälsan i samhället ökar samtidigt som depression är en av de vanligaste psykiatriska diagnoserna. Nuvarande evidens visar på att fysisk aktivitet har en lika stor positiv påverkan på mild till måttlig grad depression som antidepressiva läkemedel. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utforska fysioterapeuters beskrivning av hur de stöttar patienter med depression till fysisk aktivitet. Metod: En kvalitativ deskriptiv intervjustudie med sju fysioterapeuter som har rekryterats genom bekvämlighets- och ändamålsenligt urval. Datainsamlingen har skett genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och dataanalysen genom manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats.  Resultat: Resultatet visar på att fysioterapeuter använder sig av både fysisk aktivitet och träning, såväl som mental träning vid behandling. Informanterna beskriver att patientgruppen behöver en längre behandlingsperiod med mer närvaro, stöttning och uppföljning jämfört med andra patientgrupper.  Slutsats: Stöttning av en fysioterapeut vid depression kan leda till att patienten blir fysiskt aktiv och vidmakthåller den. För att lyckas med stöttningen beskrivs beteendemedicinska strategier som en viktig del. Även bemötande av patienten beskrivs som en nyckelfaktor. Med sin kunskap om fysisk aktivitet och hur det påverkar personer har fysioterapeuter en viktig roll vid behandling av depression.

As of 2023, 23 percent of individuals in the United States have received a diagnosis of depression from a healthcare professional, a proportion five percent greater compared to 2019. With growing rates of prevalent and incident depression, it has become critical to understand factors associated with the trajectory of depression through the lifespan. It is known that depression odds and depressive symptoms peak in midlife and decline into older adulthood. Moreover, it has been suggested that participation in regular leisure-time physical activity may assist in attenuating depressive symptoms and lowering odds of prevalent and incident depression. The same relationship has not been demonstrated between participation in occupational physical activity and depression. However, no studies to date have simultaneously examined the relationship between participation in leisure-time physical activity and occupational physical activity with prevalent depression in middle-aged and older adults, while accounting for factors that may vary between jobs such as income and perceived job challenges. As such, the aim of this dissertation was to comprehensively evaluate this research area. The present dissertation consisted of three research manuscripts: 1) A scoping review designed to synthesize evidence regarding participation in leisure time and occupational physical activity with prevalent and incident depression (Chapter II), 2) a pilot study assessing changes in life, financial, and job satisfaction across varying levels of job physical effort in individuals with and without prevalent depression (Chapter III), and 3) an investigation of the relationship between frequency of job physical effort and leisure time physical activity with odds of prevalent depression, both alone and when adjusted for potential covariates such as age, sex, antidepressant medication use, income, and perceived job discrimination and work inequality (Chapter IV). The included scoping review reported consistent benefits with increased volume of leisure time physical activity for attenuating depressive symptoms as well as prevalent and incident depression, and supported the notion that volumes of physical activity that are below recommended levels may still be beneficial for depression. Moreover, no relationship or a detrimental relationship between occupational physical activity and prevalent and incident depression was noted. Chapters III and IV utilized the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study to access a representative sample of middle-aged adults in the US. In chapter III, it was observed that individuals working high physical effort jobs and with prevalent displayed declines in life and job satisfaction compared to ten years prior when compared individuals working jobs with lower levels of physical effort regardless of depression status. Expanding on these findings, data from Chapter IV demonstrated a positive relationship between frequency of job physical effort and prevalent depression odds with no relationship between frequency of leisure time physical activity and odds of prevalent depression, both unadjusted and when adjusted for age, sex, antidepressant medication use, and income. Significantly, this relationship was attenuated when models were further adjusted for participant perceptions of chronic job discrimination and work inequality, indicating that perceived job challenges may partially explain the positive relationship between occupational physical activity and depression. Collectively, these data identify middle-aged individuals with depression working high physical effort jobs as a population at a potentially elevated risk for impaired trajectories of depression into late life. Future work should assess other factors potentially contributing to this relationship including perceived coworker and manager support, negative spillover from work to home, and perceptions of autonomy and control in work. Moreover, longitudinal data in this area would also be beneficial due to the cross-sectional nature of the studies included in this dissertation.

Mental träning har fått ett tydligare utrymme i skolan och i samhället där organisationer på olika håll påtalar den goda hälsan. Resultat av flera undersökningar visar att elever kan öka sitt välbefinnande och sina skolprestationer genom mentala träningsmetoder. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på vilka begrepp och metoder som kan vara relevanta inom området för mental träning och spänningsreglering inom gymnasiekursen Idrott och Hälsa 1. Studien är uppdelad i två delstudier där delstudie ett är en innehållsanalys som presenterar relevant litteratur. Delstudie två består av flera intervjuer som sedan kopplas samman med den innehållsanalys vi framställt. De båda delstudierna utgör sedan grunden för vårt resultat och analys. Vi presenterar resultat som skildrar hur undervisning inom området mental träning och spänningsreglering uppfattas utifrån ett lärar - respektive elevperspektiv på tre  skolor inom samma kommun. Resultatet tematiseras utifrån följande centrala begrepp, mentala träningsmetoder, motivation, spänningsreglering/avslappning, där vi jämför respondenternas svar emot varandra. Resultatet visar att undervisning inom mental träning är relativt okänt för eleverna medan lärarna menar att den sker kontinuerligt. Slutdiskussionen handlar vidare om hur undervisningen uppfattas och genomförs. / Mental training has been given a bigger space in schools and in society, where organizations in different parts denounce good health. Results of several studies show that students can improve their well-being and their school performance through mental training techniques. The purpose of this study is to find out what concepts and methods that are frequently used and relevant in the area of mental training and stress control within the subject Sports and Health 1. The study was divided into two sub-studies. The first sub-study is an analysis of this thesis literature. Study number two consists of several interviews that is connected with the content analysis we made. The two sub-studies form the basis of our results and analysis. We present results depicting how education in the field of mental training and stress control is perceived by the teacher - or student perspective on the three schools within the same municipality. The result is thematized by the central concepts, mental training techniques, motivation, stress control/relaxation where we also compare respondents’ answers to each other. The result shows that teaching about mental training is relatively unknown to the students while the teachers believe that it is continuously used. The final discussion is on how education is perceived and implemented.