Call number: LD2668 .T4 1979 O433 / Master of Science

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Departamento de Economia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, 2017. / Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2017-06-23T16:08:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_AdrianoValladãoPiresRibeiro.pdf: 381200 bytes, checksum: 64d38fa0b7c832645922198275b18775 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2017-08-17T14:51:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_AdrianoValladãoPiresRibeiro.pdf: 381200 bytes, checksum: 64d38fa0b7c832645922198275b18775 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-17T14:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_AdrianoValladãoPiresRibeiro.pdf: 381200 bytes, checksum: 64d38fa0b7c832645922198275b18775 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-17 / Este trabalho caracterizou consistência dinâmica para um agente avesso à incerteza com preferência sobre menus de loterias, espaço de estados subjetivo e várias crenças sobre esses estados. Para isso, uma adaptação da representação por utilidade min-max de Epstein, Marinacci e Seo (2007) teve que ser obtida primeiro. Constatou-se então que a versão subjetiva de consistência dinâmica nesse ambiente é equivalente a uma condição sobre a preferência ligada à ideia de preferência por flexibilidade e à atualização das crenças de um conjunto retangular seguindo a Regra de Bayes. / This work characterized dynamic consistency for an agent averse to uncertainty with preference over menus of lotteries, subjective state space and multiple priors. To do so, an adaptation of the min-max utility representation of Epstein, Marinacci e Seo (2007) had to be obtained first. It was found that the subjective version of dynamic consistency in this framework is equivalent to a condition on preference linked to preference for flexibility and updating the priors of a rectangular set using Bayes’ Rule.

The objective of this study is to find out if any significant difference exists in net profitability between restaurant operations which engage in accepted methods of menu planning and restaurant operations which do not. Also to develop a checklist of menu planning methods for restaurant operations to follow in order to avoid menu errors. The goal of this study is to help restaurant operations to be successful and profitable.

published_or_final_version / Language Studies / Master / Master of Arts

Reinforcement menus were used to dhange response probabilities while maintaining control over two ''trainable," female, mentally retarded children. An empirically determined reinforcement menu representing high probability behaviors, five for S1 and four for S2, was used in a contingency management system. Instructions were given concerning the contingencies for obtaining reinforcement. Subjects were allowed the opportunity to engage in a high probability behavior only after successful completion of fixed units of reading or arithmetic tasks. After stable performance was established, four additional menus were prepared to approximate in increasing degree, low probability behavior. Measurements were taken of task time and response duration, the time spent traveling to and from the reinforcement area. Task time and response duration reached asymptotic values and remained at baseline values throughout the menu fading procedures. At the completion of the menu fading, subjects were doing units of work involving reading and mathematics in order to have the opportunity to do some reinforcing arithmetic.

Submitted by Programa Pos-Graduação Estudos Etnicos Africanos (posafro@ufba.br) on 2013-12-12T15:22:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_FPViana.pdf: 2711027 bytes, checksum: 245ea251e809f92a55a7c0f1a7be3edb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Hozana Azevedo (hazevedo@ufba.br) on 2017-08-17T12:03:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_FPViana.pdf: 2711027 bytes, checksum: 245ea251e809f92a55a7c0f1a7be3edb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-17T12:03:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_FPViana.pdf: 2711027 bytes, checksum: 245ea251e809f92a55a7c0f1a7be3edb (MD5) / Este é um trabalho de antropologia da alimentação, tendo como objeto de estudo as classes trabalhadoras urbanas de Salvador. A sua unidade de investigação implica nos grupos domésticos em uma rua com características peculiares: o Calabar da Ezequiel Pondé. Essa denominação ocorreu, justamente, por esta se encontrar na área limítrofe entre um bairro de trabalhadores e outro formado pelas classes médias. Porém, esta proximidade física é fortemente marcada por uma grande distância econômica e social, gerando, inclusive, conflitos. Na dissertação, há uma avaliação de nomes paradigmáticos da teoria da Antropologia da Alimentação, optando por uma perspectiva teórica que contempla a pluralidade de formas de alimentação presentes na sociedade atual. Na metodologia, a autora define o seu papel enquanto investigadora, atentando para a frágil linha entre o familiar e o estranho; em seguida, apresenta a etnografia, envolvendo as ações e as representações, além de estabelecer conexões entre comida, raça e classe. Por fim, este trabalho, indica a presença de uma pluralidade de menus entre as classes trabalhadores, com diferenciações e status distintos, seja em relação aos grupos domésticos, seja em relação aos indivíduos no próprio arranjo domiciliar. / The object of study of this Food Anthropology research project is the urban working classes of Salvador. The unit of investigation is domestic groups on a street with unique characteristics, Calabar da Ezequiel Pondé. It got its name because it is the border area between two districts: one working-class and the other middle-class. However, their physical proximity is strongly marked by a vast economic and social gap, which can give rise to conflict. This MA thesis evaluates the paradigmatic names of the theory of Food Anthropology, opting for a theoretical perspective that includes the plurality of food types present in today’s society. The author defines her role as an investigator in the methodology section, noting the tenuous line between the familiar and the strange, then goes on to present her ethnographic study involving actions and representations, as well as establishing connections between food, race and class. Finally, this study indicates the presence of a plurality of menus among the working classes, with distinguishing traits and varying status, whether in regard to domestic groups or to individuals in their own living arrangements.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Administração, Contabilidade e Economia, Departamento de Economia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, 2015. / Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2015-05-22T13:05:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_JoaoVitorRegoCosta.pdf: 398707 bytes, checksum: acf596c3bc9faf191a08a5c9427a1f0d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2015-05-27T12:47:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_JoaoVitorRegoCosta.pdf: 398707 bytes, checksum: acf596c3bc9faf191a08a5c9427a1f0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-27T12:47:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_JoaoVitorRegoCosta.pdf: 398707 bytes, checksum: acf596c3bc9faf191a08a5c9427a1f0d (MD5) / Redemonstramos o resultado de representação para preferências sobre menus com contingências imprecisas de Epstein et al. (2007) e espaço nito de estados subjetivos. Nossa técnica, que envolve o resultado para preferências incompletas de Kochov (2007) e o axioma Negative Certainty Independence de Dillenberger (2010), permite aplicações do modelo para o caso de preferências variacionais sobre menus, racionalidade subjetiva, e atualização bayesiana de crenças. / We provide an alternative demonstration to the representation of preferences over menus with coarse contigencies from Epstein et al. (2007) imposing nitiness to the subjective state space. Our technic - which involves the result for incomplete preferences from Kochov (2007) and the Negative Certainty Independence axiom from Dillenberger (2010) - allows for applications in the case of variational preferences, subjective rationality and bayesian update of priors.

Increased scientific understanding of the links between nutrition and health has led to a demand for more nutrition information to be made available to consumers. Nutrition information is widely available on supermarket products but is rarely found in catering establishments. This research involved the provision of nutrition information in canteens and restaurants and studied the effect on consumer meal choices. A study was designed to find the optimum visual method of displaying nutrition information. Eight nutritional formats were systematically tested on customers in a shopping centre food court. Graphical formats displaying nutrition information in relation to current dietary advice relayed the nutrition information significantly quicker than, and as accurately as, tabular displays. A database system was developed to provide nutrition information on menu items making up a selected meal. A program suite was designed to enable the creation of recipes and menus. The nutritional breakdown of a selected meal was displayed to the customer who was then given the opportunity to change their meal before that meal was acquired. All initial choices and subsequent changes were recorded for analysis. Surveys carried out in two canteen locations (n=694) revealed that a significant percentage of customers (16%) did make changes to their meal after viewing the nutritional information on their first choice. Those who did not change were, on average, making "healthy" choices of meal. Those who did change made second choices which were, on average, significantly lower in energy, saturated fatty acids and non-milk extrinsic sugars than their first selections. Overall "healthier" choices were made with the second selection which did not differ significantly from the nutritional content of the meals chosen by those respondents who had not wished to change. Further research is necessary to determine whether the intention to change a selected meal as demonstrated by this research would be carried through by the respondents to the actual food selection.

This dissertation consists of two essays studying economic agents who choose menus, or opportunity sets from which they will make a choice at a later date. The common theme is that the utility of a menu can be affected by inclusion of alternatives that are not subsequently chosen. This effect can create either a preference for commitment or a preference for flexibility. The first essay models an agent who experiences temptation when choosing from a menu of lotteries, and who is self-aware and anticipates her future behavior when choosing between menus. Her desire to eliminate tempting alternatives from a menu creates a preference for commitment. When studying menus of lotteries, the literature has typically assumed that preferences satisfy the Independence axiom. Independence requires that the ranking of two menus is not affected if each is mixed (probabilistically) with a common third menu. In particular, the preference for commitment is invariant under Independence. This essay argues that intuitive behavior may require that the preference for commitment be affected by such mixing, and hence be mixture-dependent. To capture such behavior, a generalization of the temptation and self-control model of Gul and Pesendorfer (2001) is provided. The model generalizes Gul and Pesendorfer (2001) by replacing their Independence axiom with a suitably adapted version of the Mixture-Betweenness axiom of Chew (1989) and Dekel (1986). The result is an implicit utility model in which utility is defined as the unique solution of an equation that depends on the agent's commitment and temptation rankings, neither of which needs to satisfy the Independence axiom. Axiomatic characterization of the model exploits a novel extension of the Mixture Space Theorem to preferences that satisfy Mixture-Betweenness. Since the Mixture Space Theorem is central to decision theory, this extension is potentially useful for addressing issues in economics other than temptation and self-control. The second essay explores the testable implications of the linear representations considered in Dekel et al. (2001). Dekel et al. (2001) extends the seminal model of preference for flexibility due to Kreps (1979) by considering menus of lotteries rather than deterministic alternatives. They show that a simple set of axioms characterizes a representation that can be interpreted as if the agent is uncertain about her future tastes. This taste uncertainty is summarized by the “subjective state space”, consisting of the set of possible future preferences over lotteries. Their approach is axiomatic, thus testability requires that the entire preference order be observable. This essay provides a corresponding revealed preference analysis and assumes that only finitely many choices are observed. It is shown that for a particular class of data sets, the characterizing conditions can be reformulated as nonlinear systems of inequalities for which the existence of solutions can be verified using numerical methods. Hence, for this type of data, the analysis provides a test for the subjective state space hypothesis that is, in principle, implementable. In addition, the analysis covers the case where available data involves only menus of alternatives (and not lotteries). Hence, it also provides revealed preference characterizations for Kreps (1979).