Thesis (D.Tech.-Teacher Education)--Cape Technikon / The maritime industry in South Africa (RSA) is relatively small in comparison with its agricultural and mining industries. In its broadest sense it includes, but is not limited to. • cargo handling and stevedoring; • cargo logistics and administration; • vessel owning and operating with its related industries, such as ships' agents and surveyors and • an array of fishing industries. Maritime education and training in the RSA is fragmented and is offered by technikons (Higher Education and Training Band), technical colleges and training centres (Further Higher Education and Training Bands). Courses offered serve as preparation for Department of Education (National and Provincial) and Department of Transport, Chief Directorate: Shipping (SADoT) examinations. Aspiring officers find it increasingly difficult to complete their experiential training owing to vessel owners flagging-out (registering South African vessels under flags of convenience, e.g. Panama, in a bid to save on operating costs). This implies that cheaper foreign crews may be recruited resulting in an increased deficiency of skilled manpower. The fishing quota system is being revised by the all-inclusive Fisheries Policy Development Committee (FPDC) appointed by the Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism. This implies that learners from the previously disadvantaged maritime communities (mainly unskilled) will imminently be allowed access to marine resources. The heterogeneous composition of the class groups, with particular reference to • academic qualification, • age distribution, • categories of fishing industries served, • employer, • mother tongue and • sea-service, exacerbated by the inadequate fixed time constraints of course durations, grossly violates the didactic principle of individualisation. For this reason, a didactically accountable instruction-learning programme for aspirant navigating officers in the fishing industry was formulated in an attempt to remedy current shortcomings in the Maritime Education and Training Development (METD) process. The outcomes based instructional design encompassed the models utilized by Fraser et al (1994: 102) and Tanner & Tanner (1995: 239) because it is vocationally directed and can accommodate the diversity of the adult target group of adult learners. The history and development of, as well as courses offered by, Maritime Education and Training Providers (METP's) in the Western Cape Province, i.e. • Cape Technikon's Department of Maritime Studies, • industry in-house training establishments, • Training Centre for Seamen and • Wingfield Technical College was outlined. An analysis of similar courses offered by METP's abroad, such as • Australian Maritime College, • Canadian Fisheries and Marine Institute of the Memorial University of Newfoundland, • Danish Maritime Authority, • Manukau Polytechnic, New Zealand Maritime School, • National Taiwan Ocean University of the Republic of China on Taiwan and • the Republic of Namibia was made. An empirical investigation by means of questionnaires to vessel-owners and employee representatives in the South African fishing industry were executed in order to establish their training needs and expectations. From the data collated, an outcomes-based Navigating Officer Limited: Fishing (Vessels less than 24 metres) instruction-learning programme was formulated in National Qualifications Framework (NQF) format.

Livet som sjöbefäl är i dagens samhälle ofta förknippat med en världsomspännande arbetsplats med goda arbetsförhållanden. Dessa förhållanden under vilka svenska sjöbefäl idag arbetar kan dock snabbt förändras under en världspandemi, då många länder världen över stänger sina gränser och försätter landet i isolation. Men till vilken grad har covid-19-pandemin påverkat svenska sjöbefäl i dess yrkesliv och privat? Med den frågeställningen som bakgrund är syftet med den här studien att undersöka och belysa hur de svenska sjöbefälen anser sig påverkats och vad som kan förbättras inför framtiden.                                                                           Genom kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med 5 olika svenska sjöbefäl har den empiri som ligger till grund för resultatet samlats in. Resultatet visar bland annat att en absolut majoritet av de respondenter som medverkat i studien upplever att deras familjer i störst utsträckning påverkats och att detta faktum var den jobbigaste delen av att inte vara hemma under betydligt längre tidsperioder än vad dessa befäl vanligtvis är. Informanterna önskar se förändringar kring deras möjligheter till att mönstra av och på i framtiden. / The life as a merchant marine officer is often seen as a worldwide workplace with good working and living standards. However, the life standard onboard these vessels where the Swedish officers work can quickly change during a worldwide pandemic when a lot of countries close their borders and put themselves in isolation. So, to what degree are these officers private life and life onboard affected by the corona pandemic?                                                                                                                     With that questions as background the purpose of this thesis is to research how the world pandemic affected the Swedish marine officers as well as what they think needs to be changed in future. Through interviews with 5 different Swedish officers using a semi-structured way of interviewing, data answering these questions has been collected. The result of this research shows amongst other that an absolute majority of the officers that were interviewed found the family and relatives to be the toughest subject. They also point it out as the most affected part of their lives, mostly because of the long periods they all spent onboard their vessels. All the officers answered that they wanted to see some changes in the future when it comes to their sign on and sign off possibilities.