Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:21:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3294045 bytes, checksum: 7c607c275b5a8128ac7f6746b18d8ec1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Mesoporous materials present a highly ordered porous arrangement with narrow pore size distribution and high specific surface area, which are interesting features for adsorption and release of bioactive molecules. Another important feature of these solids is the presence of free hydroxyl groups on the pore walls that can react with functional organic moieties. Mesoporous solids have been synthesized by using specific molecules as templates which had to controlled polymerization in reactions. Thus, the present thesis describes the synthesis of mesoporous hydroxyapatite by using casein as a novel template. The mesoporous solids were functionalized with 3-aminepropyl-, 3-propylethylenediamine-, 3-propyldiethylenetriaminetrimethoxysilanes. The precursor and the modified phosphates derived from the silanization reactions were characterized by N2 adsorption, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, solid state 31P and 13C NMR, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both regular and mesoporous hydroxyapatites were studied on their ability to uptake and release bobine soroalbumine (BSA) from aqueous solutions. BSA was chosem as model guest compound. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms showed that structural aspects of the mesoporous hydroxyapatite are controlled by tuning experimental parameters, such as the calcination temperature, surfactant concentration, and pH. These isotherms also showed that casein is a promising biotemplate for synthesizing mesoporous calcium phosphates with improved values of specific surface area, such as 106 m2 g-1, which are higher than those found in the literature for analogous materials. Additionally, the template extraction was carried out during the washing process with water only, which avoided the need of spending time and energy with the calcinations step, and confirmed casein as an excellent template/surfactant in the synthesis of mesostructured materials. The BSA release kinetics decreased considerably as the silane amount increased on the silica surface. The organofunctionalized solids showed a lower BSA release rate, which decreased as the organic length chain increased. Thus, the amount of the organic groups, which contains nitrogen basic centers and interacts with BSA, controls the release process. The isotherms for releasing BSA showed a two step profile, with a fast release at the beginning, followed by a slower release rate, which fit the diffusion model proposed by Higuchi. / Materiais mesoporosos apresentam um arranjo de poros ordenados e uma distribuição de poros muito estreita aliada a altas áreas superficiais, que são características estruturais interessantes para adsorção e liberação de moléculas bioativas. Outra característica relevante desses sólidos é a presença dos grupos hidroxilas livres nas paredes dos poros que podem reagir com grupos orgânicos funcionais. Os sólidos mesoporosos têm sidos sintetizados pelo uso de esceficas moléculas atuando como direcionadores na polimerização. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho descreve a síntese de hidroxiapatita mesoporosa utilizando caseína como um novo direcionador. As matrizes mesoporosas foram funcionalizadas covalentemente com aminopropil-, propiletilenodiamino-, propildietilenotriaminotrimetoxissilano. Os fosfatos precursores e derivados das reações de silanização foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de adsoção de N2, análise elementar, difração de Raios-X, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho, RMN CP/MAS de 31P e 13C, termogravimetria e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os sólidos precursores e modifcados foram aplicados para estudos de emissão da soroalbumina bovina (BSA) em solução aquosa. BSA foi escolhida como molécula modelo. As isotermas obtidas através da adsorção de N2 demonstraram que as características estruturais da hidroxipatita mesoporosa podem ser controladas modificando parâmetros, tais como temperatura de calcinação, pH de síntese e concentração do surfactante. Estas isotermas também indicam que a caseína é um promissor biosurfactante na síntese de fosfatos de cálcio mesoporosos, obtendo áreas superficiais de 106 m2.g-1, cujo valor é superior aos dados disponíveis na literatura. Os resultados comprovaram que a extração do surfactante foi realizada durante o processo de lavagem dos sólidos, este fato credencia a caseína como um excelente biosurfactante na síntese de materiais mesoestruturados. A modificação superficial da hidroxiapatita mesoporosa com os agentes sililantes nitrogenados diminuiu consideravelmente a cinética de liberação da BSA. Os sólidos organicamente funcionalizados apresentaram uma taxa de liberação mais lenta, que diminuindo à medida que a cadeia orgânica do agente sililante aumentou. Isto mostra que os grupos orgânicos presentes neste sólido agem como uma barreira temporária que evita a rápida liberação da BSA. As isotermas de liberação de BSA mostraram perfis de liberação em duas etapas, uma liberação rápida inicial seguida por uma mais lenta, o que caracteriza que estes materiais se adequaram ao modelo de liberação através do mecanismo de difusão proposto por Higuchi.

L’adsorption des gaz dans les solides micro/mésoporeux et la solubilisation des gazdans les liquides sont des phénomènes physiques très bien connus. En revanche, lasolubilisation des gaz dans un liquide confiné à l’intérieur d’un solide (système hybride) estun domaine très peu étudié, malgré des applications importantes, notamment dans l’extractiondu pétrole, les ciments ou encore les réacteurs catalytiques triphasiques. Nous avons montréexpérimentalement que la solubilité du CO2 et H2 augmente quand la taille de pores du solideest de l’ordre du nanomètre. Un des objectifs de cette thèse était d’optimiser le couple solidesolvant(système hybride) et les conditions de température et de pression pour augmenter lestockage de H2 pour les applications de stockages. Dans le système Aérogel/éthanol à 50 barset 0°C, la solubilité de H2 est 8,5 fois supérieure à la solubilité mesurée dans le liquide seul,représentant une masse de 6,2g d’hydrogène stocké par kg de solide. Le second objectif étaitde comprendre les paramètres clefs de ce phénomène apparent de « sursolubilité » dans lessystèmes hybrides. En comparant différents solides poreux (zeolithes, MOF, MCM, silice),nous avons montré le rôle majeur des propriétés d’interfaces. Les phénomènes desolubilisation ont été modélisés à l’échelle moléculaire par GCMC et validéesexpérimentalement. Il apparait que le mécanisme de sursolubilisation provient d’unestructuration en couche des molécules de solvants en interactions avec les parois dumésopore. / The adsorption of gases in micro/mesoporous materials and solubility of gases inliquids are physical phenomena well known. On the other hand, solubility of gases in liquidsconfined inside a solid (hybrid system) has not been entensively studied, despite the importantapplications such systems can have in the areas of oil extraction, cement and triphasiccatalytic reactors. We have shown experimentally that the solubility of CO2 and H2 increaseswhen the size of the pores of the solid is in the nanometer range. One of the objectives of thisthesis was to optimize the couple a solid and a solvent into a hybrid system and the conditionsin which to increase the H2 storage capacity. In an aerogel/ethanol hydrid system at 50 barand 0 ° C, the solubility of H2 is 8.5 times greater than the solubility measured in the singleliquid, representing a mass of 6.2 g of hydrogen stored per kg of solid. The second objectivewas to understand this apparent phenomenon of oversolubility and the key parameters in thehybrid systems. By comparing different porous solids (zeolites, MOFs, MCM-41 and silica),we have shown the major role of the properties of interfaces. The phenomena of solubilsationwas modelled by GCMC and experimentally validated. It appears that the mechanism ofoversolubilisation comes from structuring the solvent molecules in interactions with the wallsof the mesopore layered.