Introduction: Bariatric metabolic surgery is recognized as a very effective treatment for obesity, performed when the preceding conventional treatment failed or when significant obesity-related complications occured. Diploma thesis is focused on a current practice of dietitians providing nutritional care in weight-loss surgery (WLS), as they play an important role in a multidisciplinary medical team by performing a clinical nutritional evaluation, education and long-term nutritional follow-up. Objective: The aim of the thesis is to present eating habits in patients of the 3rd Medical Department of the 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague, in 6 and 12 months after the surgery and to evaluate its accordance to existing nutritional strategies and evidence-base guidelines. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study is focused on nutritional assessment and therapy in management of obesity in 13 patients 6 months post-WLS (M6: 31 % female, 69 % male; mean age 49 ± 8,56 years; mean body weight 119,3 ± 16,64 kg; mean BMI 39,7 ± 6,05 kg/m2 ) and in 17 patients 12 months post-WLS (Y1: 71 % female, 29 % male; age 53 ± 8,01 years; body weight 114,9 ± 31,72 kg; BMI 39,3 ± 6,75 kg/m2 ) together with a control group without surgery (age 47 ± 15 years; body weigh...

This thesis focuse on bariatric-metabolic surgery and its impact on serum concentrations of various metabolic parameters. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. Basic facts about bariatric-metabolic surgery such as its history, indications, contraindications, surgical methods and their results, nutrition after surgery and the frequency of micronutrient's deficits are described in the theoretical part. Furthermore, information about calcium-phosphate metabolism and metabolites such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, vitamin K, parathyroid hormone and osteomarkers is also included. The influence of nutrition and nutritional status on the quality of bone tissue is also mentioned. Last section of the theoretical part is focused on the important vitamins and minerals. The practical part discusses measurements of selected metabolites in serum before and half a year after the surgery. Results of questionnaires which were given to respondents are also included. Questionnaires were focused on lifestyle, nutrition, physical activities and whether the patients take some supplements of micronutrients and protein concentrates. The goal of this work is to evaluate the effect of the surgery on serum concentrations of metabolic parameters and their effect on the health and...

O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma doença de prevalência crescente na população mundial, sendo associado ao aumento de diversas comorbidades. A relação entre o trato digestivo e o DM2 tem sido fortalecida a partir dos resultados das diferentes cirurgias metabólicas frente à remissão do distúrbio endócrino. Alterações morfológicas hipertróficas no epitélio intestinal são percebidas nos estágios iniciais da doença e parece ter papel primordial na instalação da hiperglicemia crônica. O gene p53 participa ativamente dos processos de regulação do crescimento epitelial intestinal e pode sofrer alteração de sua expressão em estados diabéticos. Objetiva-se avaliar os resultados clínicos e laboratoriais de pacientes DM2 e com índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC) >25 e <35 Kg/m2 submetidos a cirurgia metabólica denominada adaptação digestiva com duodenal switch parcial (DSP) e avaliar o comportamento da expressão do gene p53 na mucosa intestinal no período pré e pós-operatório. Nove pacientes DM2, com IMC<35Kg/m2 foram operados pela técnica DSP. Biópsias de duodeno e íleo foram colhidas no estado diabético (pré e transoperatório respectivamente) e, 3 meses após a cirurgia, através de endoscopia digestiva alta. Foram comparados os dados de evolução antropométrica (IMC) e laboratorial no período pré e pós-operatório. Através do método enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) foram determinados os níveis dos entero-hormônios glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) e glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), no pré e pós-operatório, em jejum e pós-prandial nos períodos 30',60',90' e 120'. A expressão do gene p53, foi avaliada por real time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-PCR) e western blot, nos dois diferentes momentos. As variáveis: glicemia de jejum e pós-prandial (2 horas), trigliceridemia de jejum, hemoglobina glicada (HbAc1) e peptídeo C foram analisadas. As médias dos parâmetros laboratoriais foram comparadas pela análise multivariada ANOVA e após teste-Tukey. A média de expressão relativa do gene p53 foi comparada nos dois períodos pelo teste t-student. Os resultados evidenciaram que entre maio e dezembro de 2010, nove pacientes (4 homens, 5 mulheres) DM2 e com IMC entre 26 e 34Kg/m2 foram submetidos a DSP. A média de IMC do grupo operado foi de 31,3. Houve queda do IMC média de 23% após um ano. Houve queda significativa (p<0,05) nos níveis de triglicerídeos, glicemia de jejum e pós-prandial (2 horas), HbA1c assim como aumento do peptídeo-C (p<0,05), quando comparados os períodos pré e pós-operatório. Os níveis séricos de GLP-1 foram significativamente maiores no pós-operatório (p<0,05), tanto em jejum como pós-prandial sendo que houve diminuição dos níveis de GIP, contudo sem significância estatística. O gene p53 sofreu aumento significativo de sua expressão relativa (qrt-PCR)(p<0,05) no período pós-operatório na mucosa duodenal e uma tendência de aumento no íleo, contudo sem significância estatística. A análise da expressão ao nível proteico foi bem sucedida somente no íleo, também mostrando tendência de aumento. Concluí-se que a DSP foi capaz de controlar satisfatoriamente o DM2 em pacientes com IMC<35 Kg/m2. Houve aumento da secreção de GLP-1 e tendência de diminuição do GIP. Houve aumento da expressão do p53 na mucosa intestinal, no período pós-operatório, após o controle do diabetes, quando comparada ao período pré-operatório. / Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a worldwide increasing prevalence disease, being related to a variety of comorbidities. The relationship between the digestive tract and DM2 has been strengthened by the results of different metabolic surgery procedures on resolution of the endocrine disorder, before weigh loss achievement. Hypertrophic morphological changes in the intestinal epithelium are observed in the early stages of disease development and seems to have a pivotal role in the establishment of chronic hyperglicemia. The p53 gene directly participates on regulation of growth processes of the intestinal epithelium, and its expression has been shown to be altered in diabetic states.The objectives were to evaluate clinical and laboratory results in DM2 patients, presenting Body Mass Index(BMI)>25 and <35Kg/m2, undergoing a metabolic surgery procedure called digestive adaptation with partial duodenal switch(DSP). To assess p53 gene expression behavior in intestinal mucosa, on pre and postoperative period. Nine patients presenting DM2 and BMI below 35Kg/m2 underwent DSP.Biopsies of the duodenum and intermediate portion of the ileum were undertaken in diabetic state (pre and transoperative respectively) and 3 months after surgery by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The evolution of anthropometric (BMI) and laboratory parameters were acessed on postoperative period. Serum levels of enterohormones glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) were determined by the method enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), pre and postoperatively, on fasting and postprandial state (30',60'90 and 120') after ingestion of a standart meal.The p53 gene expression was evaluated by real time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-PCR) and western blot, on two different periods. The variables: fasting and postprandial (2 hours) glicemia, fasting triglycerides (TG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and C-peptide were undertaken. The mean levels of laboratorial parameters were compared by mulivariate analyses (ANOVA) and Tukey test. The mean expression of the p53 gene was compared in two different periods by T test. Between may and December 2010, four men and 5 women were operated on. The mean BMI was 31,1. There was a decrease in BMI of 23% after one year of surgery. There was a significant decrease (p<0,05) on fasting TG and HbA1c levels as well as glucose levels on fasting and postprandial state (2 hours) when compared pre and postoperatively. There was an increase (p<0,05) in C-peptide levels after surgery. Serum levels of GLP-1 were significantly higher postorperatively (p<0,05), on both fasting and postprandial condition, and there was a decrease,not significant, on GIP levels. The p53 relative gene expression showed a significant increase (p<0,05) in the postoperative period in duodenal mucosa (transcriptional state) and showed an increasing trend in the ileum, but not statistically significant. Only ileum portion results were succesfully acessed by western blot analisys, showing an increasing trend as well. The DSP procedure was succesfully capable to control type 2 diabetes in patients presenting BMI<35 Kg/m2. There was a significant enhancement of GLP-1 secretion and a decreasing trend for GIP on postoperative period. There was increased expression of mucosal p53 in the postoperative period after the control of DM2, when compared to diabetic pre-operative state.

O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma doença de prevalência crescente na população mundial, sendo associado ao aumento de diversas comorbidades. A relação entre o trato digestivo e o DM2 tem sido fortalecida a partir dos resultados das diferentes cirurgias metabólicas frente à remissão do distúrbio endócrino. Alterações morfológicas hipertróficas no epitélio intestinal são percebidas nos estágios iniciais da doença e parece ter papel primordial na instalação da hiperglicemia crônica. O gene p53 participa ativamente dos processos de regulação do crescimento epitelial intestinal e pode sofrer alteração de sua expressão em estados diabéticos. Objetiva-se avaliar os resultados clínicos e laboratoriais de pacientes DM2 e com índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC) >25 e <35 Kg/m2 submetidos a cirurgia metabólica denominada adaptação digestiva com duodenal switch parcial (DSP) e avaliar o comportamento da expressão do gene p53 na mucosa intestinal no período pré e pós-operatório. Nove pacientes DM2, com IMC<35Kg/m2 foram operados pela técnica DSP. Biópsias de duodeno e íleo foram colhidas no estado diabético (pré e transoperatório respectivamente) e, 3 meses após a cirurgia, através de endoscopia digestiva alta. Foram comparados os dados de evolução antropométrica (IMC) e laboratorial no período pré e pós-operatório. Através do método enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) foram determinados os níveis dos entero-hormônios glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) e glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), no pré e pós-operatório, em jejum e pós-prandial nos períodos 30',60',90' e 120'. A expressão do gene p53, foi avaliada por real time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-PCR) e western blot, nos dois diferentes momentos. As variáveis: glicemia de jejum e pós-prandial (2 horas), trigliceridemia de jejum, hemoglobina glicada (HbAc1) e peptídeo C foram analisadas. As médias dos parâmetros laboratoriais foram comparadas pela análise multivariada ANOVA e após teste-Tukey. A média de expressão relativa do gene p53 foi comparada nos dois períodos pelo teste t-student. Os resultados evidenciaram que entre maio e dezembro de 2010, nove pacientes (4 homens, 5 mulheres) DM2 e com IMC entre 26 e 34Kg/m2 foram submetidos a DSP. A média de IMC do grupo operado foi de 31,3. Houve queda do IMC média de 23% após um ano. Houve queda significativa (p<0,05) nos níveis de triglicerídeos, glicemia de jejum e pós-prandial (2 horas), HbA1c assim como aumento do peptídeo-C (p<0,05), quando comparados os períodos pré e pós-operatório. Os níveis séricos de GLP-1 foram significativamente maiores no pós-operatório (p<0,05), tanto em jejum como pós-prandial sendo que houve diminuição dos níveis de GIP, contudo sem significância estatística. O gene p53 sofreu aumento significativo de sua expressão relativa (qrt-PCR)(p<0,05) no período pós-operatório na mucosa duodenal e uma tendência de aumento no íleo, contudo sem significância estatística. A análise da expressão ao nível proteico foi bem sucedida somente no íleo, também mostrando tendência de aumento. Concluí-se que a DSP foi capaz de controlar satisfatoriamente o DM2 em pacientes com IMC<35 Kg/m2. Houve aumento da secreção de GLP-1 e tendência de diminuição do GIP. Houve aumento da expressão do p53 na mucosa intestinal, no período pós-operatório, após o controle do diabetes, quando comparada ao período pré-operatório. / Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a worldwide increasing prevalence disease, being related to a variety of comorbidities. The relationship between the digestive tract and DM2 has been strengthened by the results of different metabolic surgery procedures on resolution of the endocrine disorder, before weigh loss achievement. Hypertrophic morphological changes in the intestinal epithelium are observed in the early stages of disease development and seems to have a pivotal role in the establishment of chronic hyperglicemia. The p53 gene directly participates on regulation of growth processes of the intestinal epithelium, and its expression has been shown to be altered in diabetic states.The objectives were to evaluate clinical and laboratory results in DM2 patients, presenting Body Mass Index(BMI)>25 and <35Kg/m2, undergoing a metabolic surgery procedure called digestive adaptation with partial duodenal switch(DSP). To assess p53 gene expression behavior in intestinal mucosa, on pre and postoperative period. Nine patients presenting DM2 and BMI below 35Kg/m2 underwent DSP.Biopsies of the duodenum and intermediate portion of the ileum were undertaken in diabetic state (pre and transoperative respectively) and 3 months after surgery by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The evolution of anthropometric (BMI) and laboratory parameters were acessed on postoperative period. Serum levels of enterohormones glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) were determined by the method enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), pre and postoperatively, on fasting and postprandial state (30',60'90 and 120') after ingestion of a standart meal.The p53 gene expression was evaluated by real time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-PCR) and western blot, on two different periods. The variables: fasting and postprandial (2 hours) glicemia, fasting triglycerides (TG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and C-peptide were undertaken. The mean levels of laboratorial parameters were compared by mulivariate analyses (ANOVA) and Tukey test. The mean expression of the p53 gene was compared in two different periods by T test. Between may and December 2010, four men and 5 women were operated on. The mean BMI was 31,1. There was a decrease in BMI of 23% after one year of surgery. There was a significant decrease (p<0,05) on fasting TG and HbA1c levels as well as glucose levels on fasting and postprandial state (2 hours) when compared pre and postoperatively. There was an increase (p<0,05) in C-peptide levels after surgery. Serum levels of GLP-1 were significantly higher postorperatively (p<0,05), on both fasting and postprandial condition, and there was a decrease,not significant, on GIP levels. The p53 relative gene expression showed a significant increase (p<0,05) in the postoperative period in duodenal mucosa (transcriptional state) and showed an increasing trend in the ileum, but not statistically significant. Only ileum portion results were succesfully acessed by western blot analisys, showing an increasing trend as well. The DSP procedure was succesfully capable to control type 2 diabetes in patients presenting BMI<35 Kg/m2. There was a significant enhancement of GLP-1 secretion and a decreasing trend for GIP on postoperative period. There was increased expression of mucosal p53 in the postoperative period after the control of DM2, when compared to diabetic pre-operative state.

O Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma síndrome multifatorial com complicações graves e mortalidade significativa, mas seu tratamento até o momento tem mostrado resultados desapontadores. Apenas 50% dos pacientes com DM2 conseguem manter níveis glicêmicos adequados. Rubino et al em 2004 demonstraram uma técnica cirúrgica de exclusão duodenojejunal em ratos diabéticos não obesos com bons resultados no controle dos níveis glicêmicos. O desenvolvimento de uma técnica que não apresente perda ponderal pode prover base teórica e científica para justificar sua aplicação em pacientes com DM2 e IMC<35. Com este objetivo, iniciamos um estudo experimental utilizando a técnica proposta por Marchesini em 2008, que consiste na secção do duodeno imediatamente após o piloro, seguido de duodenojejunostomia com anastomose termino-lateral na porção média do intestino delgado. O objetivo foi demonstrar as alterações no perfil metabólico, inflamatório e de estresse oxidativo após a cirurgia metabólica. Foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar com 2 dias de vida sendo que em 16 deles foi induzido o DM2 através de injeção i.p. de 100mg/kg de Streptozotocina. O desenvolvimento de diabetes foi confirmado após 10 semanas através de TTGIP. Oito ratos diabéticos compuseram o grupo diabético cirúrgico (DM+OP) e oito o grupo diabético controle (DM). Os outros oito animais que não tiveram indução do diabetes formaram o grupo controle clínico (CO). A técnica de Marchesini foi realizada no grupo DM+OP, e os grupos DM e CO receberam dieta padrão e seguimento. Foi realizado TTGIP aos 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após a cirurgia, quando os animais foram submetidos a eutanásia. Os animais do DM+OP não tiveram perda de peso importante após três meses da cirurgia, enquanto que o DM e o CO tiveram aumento significativo do peso. A glicemia dos animais operados foi significativamente menor no grupo operado em comparação ao diabético controle e os valores de colesterol seguiram a mesma tendência. Os níveis de TNF-α, NF-kB, SOD, TBARS e Catalase foram significativamente menores no grupo DM+OP em relação ao grupo DM. A duodenojejunostomia foi efetiva em controlar os níveis de glicemia e colesterol, bem como diminuiu significativamente os marcadores inflamatórios e de estresse oxidativo. / Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is a multifactorial syndrome with severe complications and significant mortality. Until this moment, its treatment has proven disappointing. Only 50% of DM2 patients are able to maintain proper glycemic levels. In 2004 Rubino et al showed a surgical technique of duodenal-jejunal exclusion in diabetic non-obese rats with positive results in the control of glycemic levels. The development of a technique that does not imply weight loss may provide a theoretical and scientific basis for its application in DM2 patients who present BMI<35. With this aim, this experimental study was conducted using the technique proposed by Marchesini in 2008, which consists of a section of the duodenum immediately next to the pylorus, followed by duodenojejunostomy with end-to-side anastomosis in the medial portion of the small intestine. The objective was to demonstrate alterations in the metabolic and inflammatory profile and in oxidative stress after metabolic surgery. An amount of 24 2-day-old Wistar rats were used. In 16 of them DMT2 was induced through 100mg/kg injection i.p. of streptozotocin. The development of diabetes was confirmed after 10 weeks through TTGIP. Eight diabetic rats composed the diabetic surgical group (DM+OP); and 8 other rats composed the diabetic control group (DM). The other 8 animals which were not induced formed the clinical control group (CO). The Marchesini technique was used in the DM+OP, and the other groups received the standard diet and follow up. TTGIP was performed at 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after surgery, when the animals were submitted to euthanasia. DM+OP animals presented no important weight loss 3 months after surgery, while the other groups presented a significant weight gain. Weight maintenance after surgery in DM+OP proves the effectiveness of this technique in preventing obesity progression, which is characteristic in obese diabetic patients. The glucose levels were significantly lower in the operated group compared to diabetic control and cholesterol values followed the same trend. The levels of TNF-a, NF-kB , SOD, catalase and TBARS were significantly lower in DM + OP group compared to DM. The duodenojejunostomy was effective in controlling blood glucose levels and cholesterol, and significantly decreased inflammatory markers and oxidative stress.

O Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma síndrome multifatorial com complicações graves e mortalidade significativa, mas seu tratamento até o momento tem mostrado resultados desapontadores. Apenas 50% dos pacientes com DM2 conseguem manter níveis glicêmicos adequados. Rubino et al em 2004 demonstraram uma técnica cirúrgica de exclusão duodenojejunal em ratos diabéticos não obesos com bons resultados no controle dos níveis glicêmicos. O desenvolvimento de uma técnica que não apresente perda ponderal pode prover base teórica e científica para justificar sua aplicação em pacientes com DM2 e IMC<35. Com este objetivo, iniciamos um estudo experimental utilizando a técnica proposta por Marchesini em 2008, que consiste na secção do duodeno imediatamente após o piloro, seguido de duodenojejunostomia com anastomose termino-lateral na porção média do intestino delgado. O objetivo foi demonstrar as alterações no perfil metabólico, inflamatório e de estresse oxidativo após a cirurgia metabólica. Foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar com 2 dias de vida sendo que em 16 deles foi induzido o DM2 através de injeção i.p. de 100mg/kg de Streptozotocina. O desenvolvimento de diabetes foi confirmado após 10 semanas através de TTGIP. Oito ratos diabéticos compuseram o grupo diabético cirúrgico (DM+OP) e oito o grupo diabético controle (DM). Os outros oito animais que não tiveram indução do diabetes formaram o grupo controle clínico (CO). A técnica de Marchesini foi realizada no grupo DM+OP, e os grupos DM e CO receberam dieta padrão e seguimento. Foi realizado TTGIP aos 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após a cirurgia, quando os animais foram submetidos a eutanásia. Os animais do DM+OP não tiveram perda de peso importante após três meses da cirurgia, enquanto que o DM e o CO tiveram aumento significativo do peso. A glicemia dos animais operados foi significativamente menor no grupo operado em comparação ao diabético controle e os valores de colesterol seguiram a mesma tendência. Os níveis de TNF-α, NF-kB, SOD, TBARS e Catalase foram significativamente menores no grupo DM+OP em relação ao grupo DM. A duodenojejunostomia foi efetiva em controlar os níveis de glicemia e colesterol, bem como diminuiu significativamente os marcadores inflamatórios e de estresse oxidativo. / Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is a multifactorial syndrome with severe complications and significant mortality. Until this moment, its treatment has proven disappointing. Only 50% of DM2 patients are able to maintain proper glycemic levels. In 2004 Rubino et al showed a surgical technique of duodenal-jejunal exclusion in diabetic non-obese rats with positive results in the control of glycemic levels. The development of a technique that does not imply weight loss may provide a theoretical and scientific basis for its application in DM2 patients who present BMI<35. With this aim, this experimental study was conducted using the technique proposed by Marchesini in 2008, which consists of a section of the duodenum immediately next to the pylorus, followed by duodenojejunostomy with end-to-side anastomosis in the medial portion of the small intestine. The objective was to demonstrate alterations in the metabolic and inflammatory profile and in oxidative stress after metabolic surgery. An amount of 24 2-day-old Wistar rats were used. In 16 of them DMT2 was induced through 100mg/kg injection i.p. of streptozotocin. The development of diabetes was confirmed after 10 weeks through TTGIP. Eight diabetic rats composed the diabetic surgical group (DM+OP); and 8 other rats composed the diabetic control group (DM). The other 8 animals which were not induced formed the clinical control group (CO). The Marchesini technique was used in the DM+OP, and the other groups received the standard diet and follow up. TTGIP was performed at 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after surgery, when the animals were submitted to euthanasia. DM+OP animals presented no important weight loss 3 months after surgery, while the other groups presented a significant weight gain. Weight maintenance after surgery in DM+OP proves the effectiveness of this technique in preventing obesity progression, which is characteristic in obese diabetic patients. The glucose levels were significantly lower in the operated group compared to diabetic control and cholesterol values followed the same trend. The levels of TNF-a, NF-kB , SOD, catalase and TBARS were significantly lower in DM + OP group compared to DM. The duodenojejunostomy was effective in controlling blood glucose levels and cholesterol, and significantly decreased inflammatory markers and oxidative stress.

O Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma síndrome multifatorial com complicações graves e mortalidade significativa, mas seu tratamento até o momento tem mostrado resultados desapontadores. Apenas 50% dos pacientes com DM2 conseguem manter níveis glicêmicos adequados. Rubino et al em 2004 demonstraram uma técnica cirúrgica de exclusão duodenojejunal em ratos diabéticos não obesos com bons resultados no controle dos níveis glicêmicos. O desenvolvimento de uma técnica que não apresente perda ponderal pode prover base teórica e científica para justificar sua aplicação em pacientes com DM2 e IMC<35. Com este objetivo, iniciamos um estudo experimental utilizando a técnica proposta por Marchesini em 2008, que consiste na secção do duodeno imediatamente após o piloro, seguido de duodenojejunostomia com anastomose termino-lateral na porção média do intestino delgado. O objetivo foi demonstrar as alterações no perfil metabólico, inflamatório e de estresse oxidativo após a cirurgia metabólica. Foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar com 2 dias de vida sendo que em 16 deles foi induzido o DM2 através de injeção i.p. de 100mg/kg de Streptozotocina. O desenvolvimento de diabetes foi confirmado após 10 semanas através de TTGIP. Oito ratos diabéticos compuseram o grupo diabético cirúrgico (DM+OP) e oito o grupo diabético controle (DM). Os outros oito animais que não tiveram indução do diabetes formaram o grupo controle clínico (CO). A técnica de Marchesini foi realizada no grupo DM+OP, e os grupos DM e CO receberam dieta padrão e seguimento. Foi realizado TTGIP aos 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após a cirurgia, quando os animais foram submetidos a eutanásia. Os animais do DM+OP não tiveram perda de peso importante após três meses da cirurgia, enquanto que o DM e o CO tiveram aumento significativo do peso. A glicemia dos animais operados foi significativamente menor no grupo operado em comparação ao diabético controle e os valores de colesterol seguiram a mesma tendência. Os níveis de TNF-α, NF-kB, SOD, TBARS e Catalase foram significativamente menores no grupo DM+OP em relação ao grupo DM. A duodenojejunostomia foi efetiva em controlar os níveis de glicemia e colesterol, bem como diminuiu significativamente os marcadores inflamatórios e de estresse oxidativo. / Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is a multifactorial syndrome with severe complications and significant mortality. Until this moment, its treatment has proven disappointing. Only 50% of DM2 patients are able to maintain proper glycemic levels. In 2004 Rubino et al showed a surgical technique of duodenal-jejunal exclusion in diabetic non-obese rats with positive results in the control of glycemic levels. The development of a technique that does not imply weight loss may provide a theoretical and scientific basis for its application in DM2 patients who present BMI<35. With this aim, this experimental study was conducted using the technique proposed by Marchesini in 2008, which consists of a section of the duodenum immediately next to the pylorus, followed by duodenojejunostomy with end-to-side anastomosis in the medial portion of the small intestine. The objective was to demonstrate alterations in the metabolic and inflammatory profile and in oxidative stress after metabolic surgery. An amount of 24 2-day-old Wistar rats were used. In 16 of them DMT2 was induced through 100mg/kg injection i.p. of streptozotocin. The development of diabetes was confirmed after 10 weeks through TTGIP. Eight diabetic rats composed the diabetic surgical group (DM+OP); and 8 other rats composed the diabetic control group (DM). The other 8 animals which were not induced formed the clinical control group (CO). The Marchesini technique was used in the DM+OP, and the other groups received the standard diet and follow up. TTGIP was performed at 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after surgery, when the animals were submitted to euthanasia. DM+OP animals presented no important weight loss 3 months after surgery, while the other groups presented a significant weight gain. Weight maintenance after surgery in DM+OP proves the effectiveness of this technique in preventing obesity progression, which is characteristic in obese diabetic patients. The glucose levels were significantly lower in the operated group compared to diabetic control and cholesterol values followed the same trend. The levels of TNF-a, NF-kB , SOD, catalase and TBARS were significantly lower in DM + OP group compared to DM. The duodenojejunostomy was effective in controlling blood glucose levels and cholesterol, and significantly decreased inflammatory markers and oxidative stress.

The diploma thesis deals the problematics of weight reduction with the using of bariatric- metabolic surgery and focuses on the changing risk components of the metabolic syndrome during one year long observation of 45 probands who have undergone Partial Jejuno-Ileal Diversion, Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy or Laparoscopic Gastric Plication. The main aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the changing risk components of the metabolic syndrome during weight reduction after undergoing bariatric surgery. The thesis shows that in the studied sample of bariatric patients it is an effective method of weight reduction (in PJID the success rate was 48 % EWL, in LGCP 51 % EWL and the most successful was LSG with 76 % EWL) with metabolic effect such as for example observed positive changes in risk components of the metabolic syndrome - reduction of morning glucose levels, increase of HDL cholesterol and decrease of triacylglycerols in the blood, decrease of waist circumferences and decrease of blood pressure or elimination of metabolic syndrome. Up to 68.9 % of the monitored probands showed signs of metabolic syndrome when evaluating the initial measurement before bariatric surgery, the remaining 22.2 % of the probands showed the signs after the year's observation. As part of the risk assessment for the...

Psychologist and bariatric tretment of obesity PhDr.Jitka Herlesová Tutor: PhDr.Tamara Hrachovinová, CSc. Abstract The aim of the dissertation thesis is to map psychosocial characteristics associated with obesity and their changes after bariatric surgery. The Empirical part follows the points settled in the Theoretical part. Obesity is a disease, whose prevalence rises. Bariatric and metabolic surgery is one of the most effective treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. The mental diseases are associated with high levels of obesity. The standard part of pre-bariatric examination is the psychological assessment. Several changes accompany the weight loss after bariatric surgery, such as normalization of psychosocial functioning, the decrease of mental disorders but in some cases the changes might be also negative. The Empirical part focuses on the psychosocial characteristics of bariatric surgery candidates assessed during the psychological evaluation and the changes after operation. The data from semi-structured psychological interview, Three factor eating questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Obesity Weight Loss Quality of Life and Weight Related Symptom Measure were evaluated. The changes after surgery were assessed after 6, 12 and 24 months. Statistically significant differences were ascertained...