Para avaliar o efeito de diferentes tratamentos superficiais sobre a resistência ao cisalhamento da união entre uma liga metálica (Co-Cr-Mo - Remanium CD) e uma resina composta (Z-250) e analisar o tipo de fratura durante a separação dos espécimes, sessenta discos metálicos foram fundidos, regularizados e polidos, submetidos a quatro ciclos térmicos (vácuo, 960ºC, 8 minutos) e divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos. Cada grupo recebeu um tipo de tratamento: Grupo ASB: Asperização com ponta diamantada (No 3118); Grupo ASI: Asperização e aplicação do silano (3M); Grupo AAP: Asperização e aplicação do Alloy Primer (Kuraray); Grupo JSB: Jateamento com óxido de alumínio (50µm, 75lib/pol2); Grupo JSI: Jateamento e aplicação do silano; Grupo JAP: Jateamento e aplicação do Alloy Primer. Todos os espécimes receberam aplicação do adesivo Single Bond e da resina Z-250 (3M), foram armazenados em água deionizada a 37ºC por 24 horas e separados em ensaio de cisalhamento. Os resultados e desvio-padrão de cada grupo, expressos em MPa foram: ASB: 12,708±2,962; ASI: 16,343±2,714 e AAP: 16,723±2,666; JSB: 25,958±5,650; JSI: 28,185±3,322; JAP: 28,670±3,246. Os maiores valores foram produzidos pelos grupos jateados (JSB, JSI e JAP); o silano e o Alloy primer aumentaram a retentividade entre a resina Z-250 e a liga de Co-Cr-Mo, independente da textura superficial e sem apresentar diferença entre os mesmos; todos os espécimes apresentaram falha adesiva na interface testada. / To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on shear bond strength between a metallic alloy (Co-Cr-Mo - Remanium CD) and a composite resin (Z-250) and to evaluate the fracture mode after testing, sixty disks were casted, polished, submitted to four thermal cycles (960ºC/8min) and divided randomly in six groups. Each group received a different type of treatment: Group ASB: roughen with diamond bur (No 3118); Group ASI: roughen and application of a ceramic Primer; Group AAP: roughen and application of a metallic Primer; Group JSB: Sandblasting with 50 µm aluminum oxide (75lib/pol2); Group JSI: Sandblasting and application of a ceramic Primer; Group JAP: Sandblasting and application of a metallic Primer. All the specimens received the application of an adhesive (Single Bond) and a composite resin (Z-250 /3M). The groups were stored in distilled water at 37ºC during 24 hours and submitted to shear bond strength test. The results and the standard deviation of each group (expressed in MPa) were: JSB: 25,958±5,650; JSI: 28,185±3,322; JAP: 28,670±3,246; ASB: 12,708±2,962; ASI: 16,343±2,714 and AAP: 16,723±2,666. The highest values were obtained by the sandblasted groups (JSB, JSI e JAP). In spite of the surface, ceramic primer and alloy primer increased the retention between the composite resin Z-250 and the Co-Cr-Mo alloy without statistical differences on the results; all of the specimens showed adhesive failures.

In this research, in order to realize such nanolaminated magnetic cores for high frequency and high power conversion, the following key tasks have been accomplished: 1) electrodeposition of metallic alloy materials such as NiFe, CoNiFe, and anisotropic CoNiFe; 2) development of new fabrication technologies to realize nanolaminated cores based on metallic alloy electrodeposition; 3) reliable characterization of the structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of the nanolaminated metallic alloy cores; 4) development of microfabricated inductor windings to integrate the nanolaminated cores; 5) demonstration of high-frequency and high-flux ultracompact DC-DC power conversion using inductors integrated with nanolaminated metallic alloy cores. By achieving these tasks, nanolaminated cores comprising tens to hundreds of layers of metallic alloy films (Ni80Fe20 and Co44Ni37Fe19) has been developed. The fabricated nanolaminated core consists of sufficiently thin nanolaminations (100 – 1000 nm) that can suppress eddy currents in the MHz range, while simultaneously achieving the overall magnetic thickness (35 – 2000 µm) such that substantial power can be handled. The nanolaminated metallic alloy cores were further integrated into microfabricated inductors using CMOS-compatible fabrication processes. Finally, an ultracompact DC-DC buck converter with the nanolaminated metallic alloy cores has been developed on PCB having footprint of 14 × 7.1 mm2. The input voltage of the converter varied from 30 to 70 V and the output voltage was fixed at 20 V. The converter operated with output power of approximately 11 W and the switching frequencies of 0.7 – 1.4 MHz, demonstrating conversion efficiency of 94.2% at 30 V input and 80.8% at 60 V input.

Para avaliar o efeito de diferentes tratamentos superficiais sobre a resistência ao cisalhamento da união entre uma liga metálica (Co-Cr-Mo - Remanium CD) e uma resina composta (Z-250) e analisar o tipo de fratura durante a separação dos espécimes, sessenta discos metálicos foram fundidos, regularizados e polidos, submetidos a quatro ciclos térmicos (vácuo, 960ºC, 8 minutos) e divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos. Cada grupo recebeu um tipo de tratamento: Grupo ASB: Asperização com ponta diamantada (No 3118); Grupo ASI: Asperização e aplicação do silano (3M); Grupo AAP: Asperização e aplicação do Alloy Primer (Kuraray); Grupo JSB: Jateamento com óxido de alumínio (50µm, 75lib/pol2); Grupo JSI: Jateamento e aplicação do silano; Grupo JAP: Jateamento e aplicação do Alloy Primer. Todos os espécimes receberam aplicação do adesivo Single Bond e da resina Z-250 (3M), foram armazenados em água deionizada a 37ºC por 24 horas e separados em ensaio de cisalhamento. Os resultados e desvio-padrão de cada grupo, expressos em MPa foram: ASB: 12,708±2,962; ASI: 16,343±2,714 e AAP: 16,723±2,666; JSB: 25,958±5,650; JSI: 28,185±3,322; JAP: 28,670±3,246. Os maiores valores foram produzidos pelos grupos jateados (JSB, JSI e JAP); o silano e o Alloy primer aumentaram a retentividade entre a resina Z-250 e a liga de Co-Cr-Mo, independente da textura superficial e sem apresentar diferença entre os mesmos; todos os espécimes apresentaram falha adesiva na interface testada. / To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on shear bond strength between a metallic alloy (Co-Cr-Mo - Remanium CD) and a composite resin (Z-250) and to evaluate the fracture mode after testing, sixty disks were casted, polished, submitted to four thermal cycles (960ºC/8min) and divided randomly in six groups. Each group received a different type of treatment: Group ASB: roughen with diamond bur (No 3118); Group ASI: roughen and application of a ceramic Primer; Group AAP: roughen and application of a metallic Primer; Group JSB: Sandblasting with 50 µm aluminum oxide (75lib/pol2); Group JSI: Sandblasting and application of a ceramic Primer; Group JAP: Sandblasting and application of a metallic Primer. All the specimens received the application of an adhesive (Single Bond) and a composite resin (Z-250 /3M). The groups were stored in distilled water at 37ºC during 24 hours and submitted to shear bond strength test. The results and the standard deviation of each group (expressed in MPa) were: JSB: 25,958±5,650; JSI: 28,185±3,322; JAP: 28,670±3,246; ASB: 12,708±2,962; ASI: 16,343±2,714 and AAP: 16,723±2,666. The highest values were obtained by the sandblasted groups (JSB, JSI e JAP). In spite of the surface, ceramic primer and alloy primer increased the retention between the composite resin Z-250 and the Co-Cr-Mo alloy without statistical differences on the results; all of the specimens showed adhesive failures.

When a metallic alloy is placed in an oxygen environment, oxide scale may be formed on the metal surface. The continuous growth of such oxide scale is enabled by the diffusion of various ionic species in the scale layer primarily driven by the gradient of chemical potentials of these ionic species. In addition, the molar volume of oxide is typically greater than that of the base metal. Consequently, mechanical stresses are generated in the oxide scale. Such mechanical stress, in return, may affect the diffusion of ionic species resulting in different oxide growth kinetics. Such interaction between ionic diffusion and mechanical stresses and its effect on oxide scale growth have not been studied. The goal of this thesis is to develop a systematic model for oxide scale growth that takes into account the diffusion-stress interaction. To achieve this goal, the coupled equations based on continuum formulas for diffusion and stresses are developed in first part of this study. The chemical potentials are defined as a stress dependent function. The variation of stress can therefore change the diffusion force, which is the gradient of chemical potentials, to affect the ionic species distribution and consequently have effects on the oxidation kinetics. The model is used to investigate several important aspects of oxidation including scale growth kinetics, stress distribution in the oxide scale, void formation near the metal/oxide interface, and initiation of oxide scale spallation. The reactive element effect (REE) during oxidation of reactive element doped alloy is extensively studied in this study using the developed stress-diffusion interaction model. The key information, such as the modification effects of reactive element upon the diffusion properties of ionic species in oxide scale are quantitatively accessed for yttrium doped Cr alloy. Finite element method was used through a User Element subroutine for ABAQUS to solve the fully coupled stress-diffusion equations in 2D domains with accounting for both elastic and inelastic deformations. The REEs are comprehensively investigated by studying the effects of yttrium on interfacial delamination driving force, energy release rate (G), oxide-alloy interface morphology, and defect diffusion. The outcomes of this study give (1) a deeper understanding of how stresses affect the oxidation, (2) a model to simulate oxide scale growth, and (3) design guidelines on rare earth element doping for improving oxidation resistance. The results of this work elucidate the impact and importance of stress-diffusion coupling on oxidation kinetics and mechanical reliability.

Un alliage métallique complexe est un intermétallique dont la maille est constituée d'un nombre important d'atomes et dont la structure peut être souvent décrite comme un empilement de motifs d'atomes reliés par des liaisons de type covalent. Al5Co2 est l'un de ces composés et est un catalyseur potentiel pour la semi-hydrogénation d'acétylène. L'influence de la structure tridimensionnelle sur les surfaces bidimensionnelles et donc la réactivité est étudiée. Pour se faire, le système massif est analysé en utilisant la DFT afin d'éclaircir ses propriétés thermodynamiques, électroniques et vibrationnelles. Les valeurs calculées, expérimentales et celles de la littérature sont en bon accord. La structure des surfaces de bas indice, (001), (100) et (2-10) est étudiée. Une combinaison de techniques d'analyse de surface sous ultra-vide - LEED, STM - et de DFT est utilisée pour les déterminations structurales. Les résultats indiquent que: (i) la structure des surfaces dépend des conditions de préparation, comme la température de recuit, (ii) la structure des surfaces peut être interprétée comme étant constituée de motifs tronqués où certaines liaisons de type covalent sont brisées. Les sites et les énergies d'adsorption des molécules impliquées dans la réaction de semi-hydrogénation sont calculés pour les trois surfaces. Pour les sites favorables, des distances spécifiques entre atomes d'hydrogène adsorbés et atomes de Co de surface et de sous-surface peuvent être observées. Les atomes de Co de sous-surface ont un caractère donneur d'électrons, stabilisant les atomes adsorbés en surface. En se basant sur des calculs NEB, de possibles chemins réactionnels sur la surface (2-10) sont proposés. L'activité calculée est similaire à celle obtenue pour la surface d'Al13Co4, qui est considérée comme un bon catalyseur. La sélectivité - la compétition entre la désorption d'éthylène et son hydrogénation en éthyle - est discutée. / A complex metallic alloy is an intermetallic with a large unit cell and whose structure can often be seen as a stacking of motifs of strongly covalent-like bonded atoms. Al5Co2 is such a compound and is a potential catalyst for the semi-hydrogenation of acetylene. The influence of the 3-dimensional structure on 2-dimensional surfaces is investigated. Therefore, the bulk system is analysed using DFT to gain insight in the thermodynamic, electronic and vibrational properties. Good agreements between calculated results, experimental ones and results found in the literature are obtained. The low index (001), (100) and (2-10) surfaces are investigated. A combination of surface analysis techniques under ultra high vacuum - LEED, STM - and DFT calculations is used for the structural investigations. The results show that: (i) the surface structure depends on the preparation conditions, such as the annealing temperature, (ii) the surface structure can be interpreted as truncated motif parts, where the covalent-like bonds are broken. Adsorption sites and energies of molecules involved in the semi-hydrogenation reaction are calculated for all three surfaces. For favourable adsorption sites, specific distances of adsorbed H atoms with Co surface and subsurface atoms are observed. These Co subsurface atoms have an electron donor character, stabilising the adsorbed atoms at the surface. Based on NEB calculations, possible reaction paths on the (2-10) surface are proposed. The calculated activity is similar to the one obtained for the Al13Co4 surface, which is considered a good catalyst. The selectivity - the competition between desorption of ethylene and its further hydrogenation - is discussed.