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<p> This thesis is about Ovid's descriptions of the change of the human form into another form, e.g., an animal, stone, body of water or a tree, in his poem, Metamorphoses. The title indicates the importance of this phenomenon, metamorphosis, in that work. </p> <p> There are about 250 examples of metamorphosis in the poem. Of these, Ovid describes approximately twenty per cent. To describe more might have been boring; to describe less might have left an open question for his audience: how does a metamorphosis work?</p> <p> Previous work on this subject has been confined to either an attempt at analysis of all examples, or of so few, that Ovid's method of description for these important examples has never been explored.</p> <p> It has been found that Ovid's purpose was to explain the phenomenon in credible terms, which is his basic method of description generally. His use of previous sources shows that he explained the animal metamorphoses more in terms of prior tradition than the other groups. He seems to have provided a real impetus for change in the portrayal of persons metamorphosing into trees which appear particularly in the post Ovidian sources in art. Ovid appears to have been the most inventive in those descriptions of persons changing into stone.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Buildings have identities. Like people, they have an essence that people can appreciate whether or not they can consciously evaluate that impression. Buildings can have personality and character. They can be amiable, reserved, even abrasive; we can enjoy or detest being in them. How does design imbue this character? Sometimes a building's identity is so sympathetic towards a program that the original use is apparent even after a change of use. Is this solely the result of conscious alteration, or can the original architect assist this constancy by so thoroughly infusing character into the design that, short of demolition, a semblance of identity will always be retained? Buildings have identities which can be enhanced or repressed through renovation. But can a building inform? Can a building be a devise for spreading information? What essential characteristics are necessary for identification? Would a building, possessing the characteristics of another object, be identifiable as that thing? Can a building be an insect? / Master of Architecture

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Faculty of the Divinity School, June 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

For nearly a century, amphibian metamorphosis has served as an important model of how thyroid hormones regulate vertebrate development. Consequently metamorphosis has been studied in a number of ways including: morphologically, developmentally, ecologically, and from an endocrine perspective. Over the last two decades, much has been learned about the molecular basis of anuran (frog) metamorphosis. However, very little is known about the molecular underpinnings of urodele (salamander) metamorphosis. Using the axolotl and axolotl hybrids as models, I present some of the first studies on the gene expression changes that occur during urodele metamorphosis. In Chapter 1, the motivation for the research described in the subsequent chapters is presented and the literature is briefly reviewed. In Chapter 2, the first microarray analysis of urodele metamorphosis is presented. This analysis shows that hundreds of genes are differentially expressed during thyroid hormone-induced metamorphic skin remodeling. Chapter 3 extends the analysis presented in Chapter 2 by showing that the transcriptional patterns associated with metamorphic skin remodeling are robust even when the concentration of thyroid hormone used to induce metamorphosis is varied by an order of magnitude. Chapter 4 makes use of the differentially expressed genes identified in Chapters 2 and 3 to articulate the first model of urodele metamorphosis to integrate changes in morphology, gene expression, and histology. In addition, Chapter 4 outlines a novel application for piecewise linear regression. In turn, Chapter 5 makes use of the model presented in Chapter 4 to demonstrate that full siblings segregating profound variation in metamorphic timing begin to diverge in phenotype early during larval development. In Chapter 6 the conclusions drawn from the research are summarized and future directions are suggested.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Entomology / Marcelo Ramalho-Ortigao / Kun Yan Zhu / Microbial communities residing within the midgut of insect vectors play a critical role in the response to various zoonotic and human pathogens, and can directly alter the development and survival of the insects. Sand flies are the primary vector of Leishmania, the causative pathogen of leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease. Sand flies acquire many microbes from the soil where immature stages develop until emergence as adults. Gram-negative Pantoea agglomerans and gram-positive Bacillus subtilis are two bacteria commonly associated with sand fly populations. Here, I demonstrated that an EGFP- and a GFP-expressing version of these two bacteria localize to different compartments of the midgut; a phenomenon that is achieved, in part, to pH differences found across the length of the gut. Additionally, P. agglomerans is able to selectively induce midgut epithelial apoptosis while B. subtilis does not. This is accompanied by differential immune and homeostasis responses to both bacteria highlighted by immune pathway suppression via the Poor Immune Response upon Knock-in (Pirk) gene. These effects may actually be representative of a broader type of response to bacterial infection that might be present across several insect species. Finally, I demonstrated that during metamorphosis the sand fly relies, at least in part, upon the activation of multiple genes from the autophagy pathway to aid in generating adult tissues. More specifically, I demonstrate, using microscopy, the presence of ATG6 in the cytoplasm of developing midgut epithelial cells of the sand fly pupae.

Orientador: Márcio Thamos / Banca: Brunno Gonçalves Vieiras / Banca: Elaine Cristina Prado dos Santos / Resumo: Esta pesquisa apresenta a proposta de investigar a figuratividade poética no texto latino, valendo-se do instrumental teórico que nos fornecem a Poética e a Semiótica Literária, tendo como corpus o episódio de "Cíniras e Mirra", que integra a obra Metamorfoses (livro X, 298-502) de autoria de Ovídio (43 a.C. - 17 d.C.), considerado um dos maiores poetas da Roma Antiga. As Metamorfoses são um longo poema em versos hexâmetros, composto de quinze livros, que trata do surgimento dos elementos que compõem o mundo e da transformação ocorrida com diversos seres mitológicos em uma narrativa contínua. No trecho selecionado para a análise, conta-se a transformação de uma bela jovem na árvore da mirra, após cometer incesto com o próprio pai, Cíniras, rei de Chipre. Em um trabalho desenvolvido como pesquisa de IC intitulado "Poética e Figuratividade: uma análise de 'Io' (Ovídio, Metamorfoses, I, 583-747)", procurou-se concentrar na primeira etapa dos processos de figuratividade, isto é, na figuração do discurso, quando um tema é revestido por figuras semióticas. Tomando os efeitos de sentido captados pela percepção e apreendidos por meio da leitura como dados de base, pretende-se investigar no corpus o arranjo particular da linguagem. Como resultado dessa investigação produziu-se um discurso metalinguístico a fim de reconhecer os recursos da figuratividade poética determinantes da expressão. Ainda, como base para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, será produzida uma tradução de estudo (literal) acompanhada de notas de referência, com comentários concernentes a dados gerais de cultura (mitologia, história, geografia, filosofia, etc.). / Abstract: This research is a proposal to investigate the figurative poetics in the Latin text, drawing on the theoretical tools provided by Poetics and Literary Semiotics, with the corpus of the episode "Cinyras and Myrrha", integrating part of the Metamorphoses (Book X, 298-502), by Ovid (43 BC - 17 AD), regarded as one of the greatest poets of Ancient Rome. The Metamorphoses is a long poem in hexameter verses, separated into fifteen books. It depicts the creation of elements of the world and the transmutations of several mythological beings, with a narration that takes place in a continuous form. The selected passage for analysis recounts the transformation of a beautiful young woman into the myrrh tree, after committing incest with her own father, Cinyras, the king of Cyprus. In an already developed undergraduation research entitled "Poetics and Figurativity: an analysis of 'Io' (Ovid, Metamorphoses, I, 583-747), we have focused on the first step of the figuration process, that being the figuration of speech, when a subject is covered with semiotic figures. Considering the effects of meaning captured by perception and seized by careful reading as database, we intend to investigate in the corpus particular arrangements of language. The result of this research has produced a metalinguistic discourse to recognize the features of poetical figurativity that are determinants to the expression. Furthermore, as a basis for the development of this work, we will produce a literal study translation, accompanied by background notes, and comments concerning general data culture, such as mythology, history, geography, philosophy, etc. / Mestre