The power grid has changed a great deal from what has been generally viewed as a traditional power grid. The modernization of the power grid has seen an increase in the integration and incorporation of computing and communication elements, creating an interdependence of both physical and cyber assets of the power grid. The fast-increasing connectivity has transformed the grid from what used to be primarily a physical system into a Cyber- Physical System (CPS). The physical elements within a power grid are well understood by power engineers; however, the newly deployed cyber aspects are new to most researchers and operators in this field. The new computing and communications structure brings new vulnerabilities along with all the benefits it provides. Cyber security of the power grid is critical due to the potential impact it can make on the community or society that relies on the critical infrastructure. These vulnerabilities have already been exploited in the attack on the Ukrainian power grid, a highly sophisticated, multi-layered attack which caused large power outages for numerous customers. There is an urgent need to understand the cyber aspects of the modernized power grid and take the necessary precautions such that the security of the CPS can be better achieved. The power grid is dependent on two main cyber infrastructures, i.e., Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). This thesis investigates the AMI in power grids by developing a testbed environment that can be created and used to better understand and develop security strategies to remove the vulnerabilities that exist within it. The testbed is to be used to conduct and implement security strategies, i.e., an Intrusion Detections Systems (IDS), creating an emulated environment to best resemble the environment of the AMI system. A DoS flooding attack and an IDS are implemented on the emulated testbed to show the effectiveness and validate the performance of the emulated testbed. / M.S. / The power grid is becoming more digitized and is utilizing information and communication technologies more, hence the smart grid. New systems are developed and utilized in the modernized power grid that directly relies on new communication networks. The power grid is becoming more efficient and more effective due to these developments, however, there are some considerations to be made as for the security of the power grid. An important expectation of the power grid is the reliability of power delivery to its customers. New information and communication technology integration brings rise to new cyber vulnerabilities that can inhibit the functionality of the power grid. A coordinated cyber-attack was conducted against the Ukrainian power grid in 2015 that targeted the cyber vulnerabilities of the system. The attackers made sure that the grid operators were unable to observe their system being attacked via Denial of Service attacks. Smart meters are the digitized equivalent of a traditional energy meter, it wirelessly communicates with the grid operators. An increase in deployment of these smart meters makes it such that we are more dependent on them and hence creating a new vulnerability for an attack. The smart meter integration into the power grid needs to be studied and carefully considered for the prevention of attacks. A testbed is created using devices that emulate the smart meters and a network is established between the devices. The network was attacked with a Denial of Service attack to validate the testbed performance, and an Intrusion detection method was developed and applied onto the testbed to prove that the testbed created can be used to study and develop methods to cover the vulnerabilities present.

This thesis is based around examination of three mainstream inhaled drugs Formoterol, Budesonide and Beclomethasone for treatment of asthma and COPD. The areas investigated are these which have been raised in reports and studies, where there are concern, for drug use and assessment of their use. In reporting this work the literature study sets out a brief summary of the background and anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and then discuses the mechanism of drug deposition in the lung, as well as the methods of studying deposition and pulmonary delivery devices. This section includes the basis of asthma and COPD and its treatment. In addition, a short section is presented on the role of the pharmacist in improving asthma and COPD patient's care. Therefore the thesis is divided into 3 parts based around formoterol, budesonide and beclomethasone. In the first case the research determines the in-vitro performance of formoterol and budesonide in combination therapy. In the initial stage a new rapid, robust and sensitive HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous assay of formoterol and the two epimers of budesonide which are pharmacologically active. In the second section, the purpose was to evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics for a combination of formoterol and the two epimers of budesonide at inhalation flow rates of 28.3 and 60 L/min. The aerodynamic characteristics of the emitted dose were measured by an Anderson cascade impactor (ACI) and the next generation cascade impactor (NGI). In all aerodynamic characterisations, the differences between flow rates 28.3 and 60 were statistically significant in formoterol, budesonide R and budesonide S, while the differences between ACI and NGI at 60 were not statistically significant. Spacers are commonly used especially for paediatric and elderly patients. However, there is considerable discussion about their use and operation. In addition, the introduction of the HFAs propellants has led to many changes in the drug formulation characteristics. The purpose of the last section is to examine t h e performance of different types of spacers with different beclomethasone pMDIs. Also, it was to examine the hypothesis of whether the result of a specific spacer with a given drug/ brand name can be extrapolated to other pMDIs or brand names for the same drug. The results show that there are different effects on aerodynamic characterisation and there are significant differences in the amount of drug available for inhalation when different spacers are used as inhalation aids. Thus, the study shows that the result from experiments with a combination of a spacer and a device cannot be extrapolated to other combination.

Energy management has been an important function of organisations since the oil crisis of the mid 1970’s led to hugely increased costs of energy. Although the financial costs of energy are still important, the growing recognition of the environmental costs of fossil-fuel energy is becoming more important. Legislation is also a key driver. The UK has set an ambitious greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction target of 80% of 1990 levels by 2050 in response to a strong international commitment to reduce GHG emissions globally. This work is concerned with the management of energy consumption in buildings through the analysis of energy consumption data. Buildings are a key source of emissions with a wide range of energy-consuming equipment, such as photocopiers or refrigerators, boilers, air-conditioning plant and lighting, delivering services to the building occupants. Energy wastage can be identified through an understanding of consumption patterns and in particular, of changes in these patterns over time. Changes in consumption patterns may have any number of causes; a fault in heating controls; a boiler or lighting replacement scheme; or a change in working practice entirely unrelated to energy management. Standard data analysis techniques such as degree-day modelling and CUSUM provide a means to measure and monitor consumption patterns. These techniques were designed for use with monthly billing data. Modern energy metering systems automatically generate data at half-hourly or better resolution. Standard techniques are not designed to capture the detailed information contained in this comparatively high-resolution data. The introduction of automated metering also introduces the need for automated analysis. This work assumes that consumption patterns are generally consistent in the short-term but will inevitably change. A novel statistical method is developed which builds automated event detection into a novel consumption modelling algorithm. Understanding these changes to consumption patterns is critical to energy management. Leicester City Council has provided half-hourly data from over 300 buildings covering up to seven years of consumption (a total of nearly 50 million meter readings). Automatic event detection pinpoints and quantifies over 5,000 statistically significant events in the Leicester dataset. It is shown that the total impact of these events is a decrease in overall consumption. Viewing consumption patterns in this way allows for a new, event-oriented approach to energy management where large datasets are automatically and rapidly analysed to produce summary meta-data describing their salient features. These event-oriented meta-data can be used to navigate the raw data event by event and are highly complementary to strategic energy management.

A redução das perdas em sistemas de distribuição de água tem se tornado, além de uma questão ética, um determinante da eficiência e mesmo da sobrevivência das concessionárias destes serviços. A quantificação e determinação da natureza das vazões perdidas, que possuem relação íntima com as pressões de operação, são aspectos que ainda merecem análises mais profundas e práticas. Os parâmetros do modelo pressão-vazamento permitem o detalhamento das perdas físicas e foram obtidos por meio de calibrações para um setor de distribuição de água da cidade de Piracicaba, SP, em padrões hidráulicos distintos - sob hipótese de consumo noturno nulo (vazão mínima noturna), descargas de rede, patamares de pressão e sob consumo diurno dirigido pela pressão através de curvas encontradas na literatura e propostas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os valores dos parâmetros do modelo pressão-vazamento não são fixos, mas variam conforme o padrão hidráulico de operação da rede. Estudos acerca do parque de hidrômetros e seus desvios de indicação também foram realizados, em conjunto com uma análise das vazões típicas de abastecimento residencial, e apontaram para fortes erros de medição em razão do uso de reservatórios domiciliares. / Losses reduction on water supply networks came to be, beyond the ethical question, a condition for efficiency and even survival of enterprises which develop those services. Quantification and determination of the nature of leakage, which are closely related to operational pressure, are aspects which still claim for deeper and more practical analysis. Parameters to the pressure-leakage model allows to detail physical losses at one given system, and they were obtained throughout employment of distinct hydraulic patterns - minimal night flow (no usage), network flush situations, pressure levels and day usage driven by pressure from curves found on lectures and author\'s propositions - when proceeding calibration at a water supply section at the Piracicaba city, SP. Achieved results have shown that pressure-leakage model parameters values are not constant, but really change according to network\'s operational hydraulic pattern. Studies concerning section\'s water flow meters and its measuring deviation were also done, and joined to an analysis of typical patterns of home usage flows; they have pointed to huge metering errors because of employment of home reservoirs.

O problema de projeto de sistemas de medição, para efeito de Estimação de Estado em Sistemas Elétricos de Potência, é um problema de otimização multiobjetivo, combinatório, que exige a investigação de um grande número de possíveis soluções. Dessa forma, metaheurísticas vêm sendo empregadas para sua solução. Entretanto, a maioria delas trata o problema de forma mono-objetivo e as poucas que consideram uma formulação multiobjetivo, não contemplam todos os requisitos de desempenho que devem ser atendidos para obtenção de um Sistema de Medição Confiável (SMC) (observabilidade e ausência de Medidas Críticas, Conjuntos Críticos de Medidas, Unidades Terminais Remotas Críticas e Unidades de Medição Fasoriais Críticas). Propõe-se, nesta tese, uma formulação multiobjetivo para o problema de projeto de sistemas de medição de uma forma mais ampla, considerando todas requisitos de desempenho que devem ser atendidos para obtenção de um SMC. Propõe-se, ainda, o desenvolvimento e implantação, em computador, de um método para tratamento desse problema, considerando o trade-off entre os requisitos de desempenho e o custo, fazendo uso do conceito de Fronteira de Pareto. O método possibilita, em uma única execução, a obtenção de quatro tipos de sistemas de medição, a partir da análise de soluções não dominadas. O método permite o projeto de sistemas de medição novos e o aprimoramento de sistemas de medição já existentes, considerando a existência apenas de medidas convencionais SCADA, apenas de Medidas Fasoriais Sincronizadas ou a existência dos dois tipos de medidas. O método proposto faz uso de um Algoritmo Evolutivo Multiobjetivo e do procedimento de obtenção e análise da matriz HΔ. Esse procedimento permite a realização de uma Busca Local, minimizando o custo para atendimento de cada um dos requisitos de desempenho mencionados acima. Simulações são realizadas utilizando dados dos sistemas de 6, 14, 30, 118 e 300 barras do IEEE, bem como do sistema de 61 barras da Eletropaulo, de forma a ilustrar, testar e validar o método proposto. Alguns dos resultados dessas simulações são comparados com resultados obtidos por outros métodos encontrados na literatura. / Metering system planning for power system state estimation is a multi-objective, combinatorial optimization problem that may require the investigation of many possible solutions. As a consequence, meta-heuristics have been employed to solve the problem. However in the majority of them the multi-objective problem is converted in a mono-objective problem and those few considering a multi-objective formulation do not consider all the performance requirements that must be attended in order to obtain a Reliable Metering System (RMS) (system observability and absence of Critical Measurements, Critical Sets, Critical Remote Terminal Units and Critical Phasor Measurement Units). This thesis proposes a multi-objective formulation for the metering system planning problem in a wide way, that is, considering all the performance requirements that must be attended to obtain a RMS. This thesis also proposes the development and implementation, in computer, of a method to solve the metering system planning problem, considering the trade-off between the two conflicting objectives of the problem (minimizing cost while maximizing the performance requirements) making use of the concept of Pareto Frontier. The method allows, in only one execution, the project of four types of metering systems, from the analysis of non-dominated solutions. The method enable the design of new metering systems as well as the improvement of existing ones, considering the existence of only conventional SCADA measurements, or only synchronized phasor measurements or the existence of both types of measurements. The proposed method combines a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on subpopulation tables with the properties of the so-called HΔ matrix. The subpopulations tables adequately model several metering system performance requirements enabling a better exploration of the solution space. On the other hand, the properties of the HΔ matrix enable a local search that improves the evolutionary process and minimizes the computational effort. Simulations results with IEEE 6, 14, 30, 118 and 300-bus test systems and with a 61-bus system of Eletropaulo illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Some of the results of these simulations will be compared with those published in literature.

[pt] Nos últimos anos tem se verificado um papel mais ativo do pequeno consumidor com relação ao uso da energia elétrica. O acesso mais facilitado às tecnologias de geração distribuída, principalmente produção local fotovoltaica em telhados de residências e também às novas gerações de medidores inteligentes, despertou o interesse de pequenos consumidores para gerar sua própria energia, reduzindo sua fatura com a distribuidora e também sua dependência da rede de distribuição. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da dissertação é avaliar, com base em medições inteligentes reais, o impacto nas faturas de consumidores residenciais causado pela introdução de uma Tarifa de Uso do Sistema de Distribuição, em reais/quilowatt, aplicada sobre a demanda máxima registrada. A opção pelo tema buscou atender lacunas na bibliografia nacional por tratar-se de um assunto inovador, não só no Brasil, e que está sendo estudado em diversos países no mundo simultaneamente. A metodologia pode ser dividida, basicamente, em quatro fases: (i) Apuração da receita de referência; (ii) Cálculo das tarifas de distribuição nas modalidades horária e em reais/quilowatt; (iii) Cálculo e avaliação das receitas obtidas pela aplicação das tarifas às medições dos clusters de estudo; e (iv) Cálculo e avaliação das receitas obtidas pela aplicação das tarifas às medições dos clusters de estudo, considerando geração fotovoltaica distribuída. Os resultados permitiram identificar os perfis de consumo que seriam mais impactados pela introdução de uma tarifação sobre a demanda e também os efeitos resultantes da instalação de painéis solares nas residências, assim demonstrar que essa modalidade de tarifação, ao refletir os custos da atividade de distribuição de energia, propicia estabilidade das tarifas e evita subsídios cruzados. / [en] In recent years there has been a more active role of small consumers in relation to the use of electricity. The easier access to distributed generation technologies, mainly local photovoltaic production in residential roofs and also the new generations of intelligent meters, has brought the interest of small consumers to generate their own energy, reducing their invoice with the distributor and also their dependence on the distribution network. In this context, the objective of this dissertation is to evaluate, based on real smart measurements, the impact on the invoices of residential customers caused by the introduction of a demand charge, in real/kilowatt, applied on the registered maximum demand. The option for the theme sought to address gaps in the national bibliography because it is an innovative subject, not only in Brazil, and which is being studied in several countries simultaneously. The methodology can be divided into basically four phases: (i) Calculation of the reference revenue; (ii) Calculation of distribution tariffs: hourly and based in real/kilowatt; (iii) Calculation and evaluation of the revenues obtained by applying the tariffs to the measurements from the clusters to be studied; and (iv) Calculation and evaluation of the revenues obtained by applying the tariffs to the measurements from the clusters to be studied, considering distributed photovoltaic generation. The results allowed to identify the consumption profiles, whether they would be more impacted by the introduction of a demand charge and the impacts caused by the installation of solar panels by the residences as well as demonstrating that this type of charge, reflecting the costs of distribution, provides tariff stability and avoids cross subsidies.

Servo valves are used in a broad variety of flow modulation applications. In the field of aerospace, servo valves are used in aero engines to meter fuel flow. The existing valves are labour intensive to manufacture and highly optimised such that to achieve improvements in performance requires a novel design. This research investigates smart material actuators and valve concepts. Specifically, a prototype pilot stage nozzle flapper valve is developed for the purpose of actuating a main stage spool. The typical nozzle flapper type servo valve uses a torque motor to actuate the flapper. In this research project, the torque motor has been substituted for two piezoelectric ring bender actuators. A novel mounting mechanism has been developed to secure the ring benders within the valve. Analytical and finite element models have been made to understand the displacement mechanism of a ring bender and the effects of the mount on the displacement and force from a ring bender, and the results were compared with experiment. The mounting stiffness at the inner and outer edges was found to decrease the displacement of the ring bender and it was found that the stiffness of the mount at the outer edge has a greater negative effect on displacement than the stiffness of the mount at the inner edge. The displacement of a ring bender was tested across the operational temperature range of an aero engine. It was found that the displacement of the ring bender is reduced at low temperatures and increases at high temperature. The variation of stiffness of the elastomeric mount was also tested with temperature and it was found that the displacement of a ring bender is significantly reduced when the mounting elastomer approaches its glass transition temperature. A prototype valve was built to test the pressures and flows that could be achieved at two control ports by using a ring bender as actuator. A single ring bender and two ring benders, mounted in tandem to provide redundancy, have been tested. An analytical model was developed and the predictions are compared with experimental results for pressures and flow. The full stroke of the valve was 300m when mounted and reduced to 150m when mounted in tandem with an inactive ring bender. The hysteresis of the valve is +/-10%. The pressures and flow at and between the control ports of the valve are consistent with the predictions.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2019-03-18T18:15:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Renard Lopes Villas Boas do Lago.pdf: 4581569 bytes, checksum: 9c4647056794f2f9266e721e689971ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-18T18:15:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renard Lopes Villas Boas do Lago.pdf: 4581569 bytes, checksum: 9c4647056794f2f9266e721e689971ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-08 / In seeking the construction of an intelligent city there is a need to identify the processes that may or may not contribute to its construction and which challenges to overcome, taking into account the aspects of urban life, such as mobility, security, communication systems, sanitation and also for the electrical system. This research is a case study with the purpose of transforming Búzios into an intelligent city, as it is published by the municipal administration. The study aimed to verify if all the projects presented were executed and if the concepts of sustainability, rationality and loss control are being applied. The approach defined for research was qualitative, verifying the facts and seeking to clarify the dynamics of social relations, through a descriptive and exploratory research. During the visit to the city information was collected through interviews and direct observations, among the interviews were qualified 20 residents and collected 202 photographs. Among the projects implemented and in operation are three generators of photovoltaic energy, as for the projects implemented and that presented discontinuity and failures in its operation are the intelligent LED lighting system, the free internet system project, the projects with the systems of generation of aerogenerator energy, power network automation projects and installation projects of smart meters. During the technical visit, it was not possible to identify characteristics or contributions that define the city of Búzios-RJ, as the first intelligent city in Latin America, as little as an intelligent city, once the projects executed show flaws, a small part of the city was contemplated, the population does not have knowledge about the project, lack of continuity and governance. Although the projects listed make sense as components of an intelligent city with an intelligent electric grid, it was not possible to characterize the city as "intelligent" since the projects did not show, in their majority, effectiveness and scope enough to do so. The city can, however, become intelligent by expanding the reach and effectiveness of the projects. / Ao almejar a construção de uma cidade inteligente existe a necessidade de identificar os processos que podem ou não contribuir para sua construção e quais os desafios a serem superados, levando-se em conta os aspectos da vida urbana, como mobilidade, segurança, sistemas de comunicação, saneamento e também para o sistema elétrico. A presente pesquisa é um estudo de caso tendo como objeto a transformação de Búzios em cidade inteligente, conforme é divulgado pela administração municipal. O estudo teve como objetivo verificar se todos os projetos apresentados foram executados e se os conceitos de sustentabilidade, racionalidade e controle de perdas estão sendo aplicados. A abordagem definida para pesquisa foi qualitativa, verificando os fatos e buscando esclarecer a dinâmica das relações sociais, por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória. Durante a visita a cidade foram coletadas informações por meio de entrevistas e observações diretas, dentre as entrevistas foram qualificados 20 moradores e coletadas 202 fotografias. Dentre os projetos implementados e em funcionamento estão três geradores de energia fotovoltaica, quanto aos projetos implementados e que apresentaram descontinuidade e falhas no seu funcionamento estão o sistema de iluminação a LED inteligente, o projeto de sistema de internet gratuita, os projetos com os sistemas de geração de energia aerogerador, os projetos de automação da rede de energia e os projetos da instalação dos medidores inteligentes. Durante a visita técnica não foi possível identificar características ou contribuições que definam a cidade de Búzios-RJ, como a primeira cidade inteligente da América Latina, tão pouco como cidade inteligente, uma vez que os projetos executados apresentaram falhas, uma pequena parte da cidade foi contemplada, a população não possui conhecimento sobre o projeto, falta de continuidade e de governança. Embora os projetos elencados façam sentido como componentes de uma cidade inteligente, com rede elétrica inteligente, não foi possível caracterizar a cidade como "inteligente" dado que os projetos não apresentaram, em sua maioria, efetividade e alcance suficiente para isso. A cidade pode, no entanto, tornar-se inteligente ao ampliar o alcance e a efetividade dos projetos.

O problema de projeto de sistemas de medição, para efeito de Estimação de Estado em Sistemas Elétricos de Potência, é um problema de otimização multiobjetivo, combinatório, que exige a investigação de um grande número de possíveis soluções. Dessa forma, metaheurísticas vêm sendo empregadas para sua solução. Entretanto, a maioria delas trata o problema de forma mono-objetivo e as poucas que consideram uma formulação multiobjetivo, não contemplam todos os requisitos de desempenho que devem ser atendidos para obtenção de um Sistema de Medição Confiável (SMC) (observabilidade e ausência de Medidas Críticas, Conjuntos Críticos de Medidas, Unidades Terminais Remotas Críticas e Unidades de Medição Fasoriais Críticas). Propõe-se, nesta tese, uma formulação multiobjetivo para o problema de projeto de sistemas de medição de uma forma mais ampla, considerando todas requisitos de desempenho que devem ser atendidos para obtenção de um SMC. Propõe-se, ainda, o desenvolvimento e implantação, em computador, de um método para tratamento desse problema, considerando o trade-off entre os requisitos de desempenho e o custo, fazendo uso do conceito de Fronteira de Pareto. O método possibilita, em uma única execução, a obtenção de quatro tipos de sistemas de medição, a partir da análise de soluções não dominadas. O método permite o projeto de sistemas de medição novos e o aprimoramento de sistemas de medição já existentes, considerando a existência apenas de medidas convencionais SCADA, apenas de Medidas Fasoriais Sincronizadas ou a existência dos dois tipos de medidas. O método proposto faz uso de um Algoritmo Evolutivo Multiobjetivo e do procedimento de obtenção e análise da matriz HΔ. Esse procedimento permite a realização de uma Busca Local, minimizando o custo para atendimento de cada um dos requisitos de desempenho mencionados acima. Simulações são realizadas utilizando dados dos sistemas de 6, 14, 30, 118 e 300 barras do IEEE, bem como do sistema de 61 barras da Eletropaulo, de forma a ilustrar, testar e validar o método proposto. Alguns dos resultados dessas simulações são comparados com resultados obtidos por outros métodos encontrados na literatura. / Metering system planning for power system state estimation is a multi-objective, combinatorial optimization problem that may require the investigation of many possible solutions. As a consequence, meta-heuristics have been employed to solve the problem. However in the majority of them the multi-objective problem is converted in a mono-objective problem and those few considering a multi-objective formulation do not consider all the performance requirements that must be attended in order to obtain a Reliable Metering System (RMS) (system observability and absence of Critical Measurements, Critical Sets, Critical Remote Terminal Units and Critical Phasor Measurement Units). This thesis proposes a multi-objective formulation for the metering system planning problem in a wide way, that is, considering all the performance requirements that must be attended to obtain a RMS. This thesis also proposes the development and implementation, in computer, of a method to solve the metering system planning problem, considering the trade-off between the two conflicting objectives of the problem (minimizing cost while maximizing the performance requirements) making use of the concept of Pareto Frontier. The method allows, in only one execution, the project of four types of metering systems, from the analysis of non-dominated solutions. The method enable the design of new metering systems as well as the improvement of existing ones, considering the existence of only conventional SCADA measurements, or only synchronized phasor measurements or the existence of both types of measurements. The proposed method combines a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on subpopulation tables with the properties of the so-called HΔ matrix. The subpopulations tables adequately model several metering system performance requirements enabling a better exploration of the solution space. On the other hand, the properties of the HΔ matrix enable a local search that improves the evolutionary process and minimizes the computational effort. Simulations results with IEEE 6, 14, 30, 118 and 300-bus test systems and with a 61-bus system of Eletropaulo illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Some of the results of these simulations will be compared with those published in literature.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-03-23T13:48:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IVAN PEDROTTI LEMOS.pdf: 2401459 bytes, checksum: f02681540995cdcf4ae8524cff81fb9c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T13:48:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IVAN PEDROTTI LEMOS.pdf: 2401459 bytes, checksum: f02681540995cdcf4ae8524cff81fb9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-08 / Inteligente. Tarifa Time-of-use tariffs are one way of encouraging consumers to carry out the transfer of load to off-peak intervals, thus making unnecessary new and high investments in generation and transmission and distribution infrastructure. This is therefore a tool for the expansion of energy efficiency, in a new concept of electricity grids, the Smart Grids. However, for this type of charging to be applied, new and modern meters are required, those with the capacity to differentiate consumption hours and that can inform the consumer properly. In this sense, this work is aimed at the development of a meter with an open source platform, in the case Arduino, associated to Analog Devices ADE7753 integrated circuit, transmitting information through IEEE802.11 (Wi-Fi) network, and through an IoT (Internet of Things) platform, to make an assessment whether adoption of the White Tariff is financially beneficial to the consumer in a simple and interactive way. / As tarifas hor?rias s?o uma das formas de incentivar os consumidores a realizarem a transfer?ncia de carga para intervalos fora de ponta, fazendo assim desnecess?rios novos e altos investimentos em gera??o e infraestrutura de transmiss?o e distribui??o. Sendo esta portanto uma ferramenta para a amplia??o da efici?ncia energ?tica, em um novo conceito de redes de energia el?trica, as Smart Grids. Entretanto, para que este tipo de tarifa??o seja aplicado, novos e modernos medidores s?o requeridos, aqueles com capacidade de diferencia??o de hor?rio de consumo e que possam informar devidamente ao consumidor. Neste sentido este trabalho visa o desenvolvimento de um medidor com plataforma open source, no caso o Arduino, associado ao circuito integrado para medi??o de energia el?trica ADE7753 da Analog Devices, transmitindo as informa??es atrav?s de rede IEEE802.11(Wi-Fi), e por meio de uma plataforma para IoT (Internet of Things), realizar uma avalia??o se a ado??o ? Tarifa Branca ? ben?fica financeiramente ao consumidor de forma simples e interativa.