Over the past several decades, the Washington metropolitan area (Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV) has experienced extraordinary levels of growth, facilitating the region's emergence as not only a center of national governance but increasingly a nationally and internationally significant location for population and economic development. Leesburg, Virginia, located approximately forty miles northwest of the downtown core, has historically avoided the sprawling suburbanization characteristic of more proximate locations such as Fairfax and Arlington, instead serving as a distinct economic center for Loudoun County. However, as the Town of Leesburg has grown in both population and landmass over the past approximately fifty years, it has also become increasingly incorporated into an outward-pushing Northern Virginia region, dramatically reducing the once-evident buffer physically and psychologically separating those two entities. The increasing interconnection between Leesburg and the Washington metro region raises questions about the futures of both, with impacts for ongoing conversations regarding urban and regional-scale growth dynamics, governance, and place-making, as well as their intersections with local economic development. This thesis seeks to understand the methods by which Leesburg navigates the challenge to retain a unique and distinctive character while acknowledging the new spatial reality of its connections to the larger region. To better understand this complex situation, we conducted semi-structured interviews with fourteen individuals having strong understanding and expertise regarding economic development, governance, and place making in Leesburg and the rest of the Northern Virginia region. The interviews suggest that Leesburg is becoming a destination for outside visitors and tourists, while also crafting a 'complete community' in which residents can live, work, and enjoy recreational activities; Leesburg increasingly serves a number of distinct purposes for growing and varying audiences. While interesting in itself for observers of the Washington metro region, the Leesburg case also presents relevant implications for the future of large-scale urban and regional growth and change, as well as the continued validity of heritage-based place images given contemporary economic and development imperatives. / Master of Science / The Washington, DC region (Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV) has seen both population growth and physical expansion over the past several decades, making it an increasingly important region within the United States and the world. The Town of Leesburg, Virginia is located about forty miles northwest of Washington, DC, and its distance from the downtown has historically allowed it to remain separate from the suburbanization and sprawl associated with DC's closer-in suburbs. During the past fifty years, however, Leesburg's growth and the outward push of development pressures from more eastern Northern Virginia localities have combined to limit that historical separation. Increasing interconnections between Leesburg and the rest of the DC metro region raise questions about if and how Leesburg will create, sustain, and demonstrate a unique identity moving forward, and what that identity will include. This research involved fourteen interviews with planners, policymakers, and expert observers in Leesburg and the Northern Virginia region to better understand the town's place image and economic development. The results suggest that Leesburg is increasingly becoming a destination for tourists and outside visitors, while also working to foster a community in which residents are able to live, work, and play. The Leesburg case is important because of what it says about region-wide growth, development, and governance, as well as its implications for the maintenance of historically-based place images in the modern world.

Nesta pesquisa buscamos compreender a produção social da escala metropolitana em um contexto atual de mundialização financeira. Neste sentido, reunimos dados referentes à abertura de capital nas incorporadoras do setor da construção civil brasileiras, abordando a penetração do capital financeiro em suas estruturas e a ampliação da escala de produção e de atuação geográfica destas empresas a partir de 2005. Estes dados foram iluminados com um estudo simultâneo sobre o endividamento imobiliário urbano, por meio da abordagem dos leilões de imóveis, trazendo os conteúdos do desemprego para a compreensão crítica do crédito imobiliário urbano. O mapeamento dos dados se concentrou na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Identificamos o desdobramento da noção de moderna propriedade da terra em posse e propriedade, liberando a propriedade abstrata para circular como mercadoria e concentrando na posse as lutas cotidianas pela habitação. Constatamos a introdução do endividamento imobiliário como forma significativa de acesso à habitação nas periferias metropolitanas. Este endividamento foi compreendido como elemento de ritmanálise, capaz de transmitir os ritmos de valorização do capital mundial financeiro, definidos pela presença do capital fictício, aos ritmos de trabalho, de exploração e de espoliação urbanos, redefinindo o modo de vida metropolitano, notadamente por meio do acesso à habitação e à cidade. / In this research, we have sought to understand the social production of the metropolitan scale in the contemporary context of financial globalization. Having this in mind, we have gathered data concerning Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) by Brazilian construction firms, bringing into focus the penetration of finance capital into the firms structures, as well as the firms larger scale of operation and geographical reach from 2005 onwards. These data are clarified by a parallel investigation on urban mortgage indebtedness through an analysis of real estate auctions in connection to unemployment levels in metropolitan areas. Data mapping has been limited to the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo. We have recognized the development of modern landed property into (the opposing forms of) ownership and tenure as a process that makes it possible for abstract property to circulate as a commodity while everyday housing struggles focus on tenure rights. We have also noted that mortgage indebtedness has become a fundamental form of access to housing on the metropolitan peripheries. This mortgage indebtedness has been interpreted as an element of rhythmanalysis, in which the rhythms of the valorization of global finance capital characterized by the presence of fictitious capital are transmitted to the rhythms of labor, of urban exploitation and urban dispossession, reshaping the metropolitan way of life, especially with regard to the access to housing and to the city in a general sense.

Nesta pesquisa buscamos compreender a produção social da escala metropolitana em um contexto atual de mundialização financeira. Neste sentido, reunimos dados referentes à abertura de capital nas incorporadoras do setor da construção civil brasileiras, abordando a penetração do capital financeiro em suas estruturas e a ampliação da escala de produção e de atuação geográfica destas empresas a partir de 2005. Estes dados foram iluminados com um estudo simultâneo sobre o endividamento imobiliário urbano, por meio da abordagem dos leilões de imóveis, trazendo os conteúdos do desemprego para a compreensão crítica do crédito imobiliário urbano. O mapeamento dos dados se concentrou na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Identificamos o desdobramento da noção de moderna propriedade da terra em posse e propriedade, liberando a propriedade abstrata para circular como mercadoria e concentrando na posse as lutas cotidianas pela habitação. Constatamos a introdução do endividamento imobiliário como forma significativa de acesso à habitação nas periferias metropolitanas. Este endividamento foi compreendido como elemento de ritmanálise, capaz de transmitir os ritmos de valorização do capital mundial financeiro, definidos pela presença do capital fictício, aos ritmos de trabalho, de exploração e de espoliação urbanos, redefinindo o modo de vida metropolitano, notadamente por meio do acesso à habitação e à cidade. / In this research, we have sought to understand the social production of the metropolitan scale in the contemporary context of financial globalization. Having this in mind, we have gathered data concerning Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) by Brazilian construction firms, bringing into focus the penetration of finance capital into the firms structures, as well as the firms larger scale of operation and geographical reach from 2005 onwards. These data are clarified by a parallel investigation on urban mortgage indebtedness through an analysis of real estate auctions in connection to unemployment levels in metropolitan areas. Data mapping has been limited to the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo. We have recognized the development of modern landed property into (the opposing forms of) ownership and tenure as a process that makes it possible for abstract property to circulate as a commodity while everyday housing struggles focus on tenure rights. We have also noted that mortgage indebtedness has become a fundamental form of access to housing on the metropolitan peripheries. This mortgage indebtedness has been interpreted as an element of rhythmanalysis, in which the rhythms of the valorization of global finance capital characterized by the presence of fictitious capital are transmitted to the rhythms of labor, of urban exploitation and urban dispossession, reshaping the metropolitan way of life, especially with regard to the access to housing and to the city in a general sense.

Cette thèse interroge le lien entre la participation et l’urbanisme à l’échelle métropolitaine. Il s’agit de comprendre comment les dispositifs participatifs mis en place dans les territoires contribuent à l’élaboration des politiques urbaines. Nous interrogeons en particulier la manière dont la participation permet la prise en compte, dans le processus d’élaboration des politiques, des enjeux portés par le public. Nous nous demandons également dans quelle mesure elle génère une plus grande coordination des acteurs, des dispositifs et des échelles qui interviennent dans cette élaboration. Nous abordons ces questions à l’échelle de la métropole, qui induit un ensemble de spécificités relatives à l’action sur les territoires et au public participant. Notre étude met en évidence plusieurs apports de la participation : sa contribution porte essentiellement sur l’énonciation des enjeux des politiques urbaines, et moins sur la formulation des solutions, qui s’avère source de désaccords. La participation génère de nouvelles coordinations entre acteurs, dispositifs et échelles d’action publiques, mais ces coordinations apparaissent souvent fragiles et éphémères. Si les étapes de la concertation et du débat public produisent chacune des effets propres, notre travail donne à voir une construction cumulative des effets au fil du processus participatif. Les transferts d’acteurs, la répétition d’enjeux et le raffinement des recommandations permettent, dans certains contextes, d’élargir le champ d’impact de la participation, qui s’étend alors de la formulation des enjeux jusqu’à la logique de mise en œuvre des politiques. / Our study is questioning the link existing between participation and urbanism at the metropolitan scale. This concerns Lyon and Montreal metropolis. The target is to understand how are contributing participating action plans to elaborate an urban policy. We are specially questioning how this participation allows to take into consideration in the process of politics elaboration, the stakes hold by public. We are also wondering about the way this participation produces a wider coordination between actors, action plans and scales contributing to this elaboration. We are considering these questions at a metropolitan scale, where action on territories and public are presenting some specificity.Our study is highlighting several contributions of participation: concerning mainly the process of problem setting, and less the process of problem solving, which is source of disagreement. The participation is creating new coordination between actors, action plans and scales of public actions, but these coordination appear weak and short lived. Each stage of the consultation and the public debate are producing specific effects; but our study also shows a progressive and a building up effects increasing in the development of the participatory process. Transfers of actors, repetition of stakes and refinement of recommendations allow in some contexts to extend the field of participation impact, which is so, expending from the formulation of stakes to the logic of politics implementation.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jeroen Johannes Klink / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2014. / O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em analisar a governança colaborativa no ABC Paulista em sua conjuntura macroinstitucional mais favorável, no período pós-2003. Nesse sentido, tem-se o recorte específico para o processo de adaptação do consórcio e a nova legislação no país referente ao consorciamento público. Partimos da premissa que neste período, a governança regional-metropolitana no país se fortaleceu, principalmente a partir da consolidação de um arcabouço jurídico (p.ex. Lei Federal nº 11.107, de 06 de abril de 2005, a chamada Lei dos Consórcios Públicos; a lei nº 12.305, de agosto de 2010, sobre resíduos sólidos e a lei 11.445, de janeiro de 2007, referente à saneamento básico), que incentivou a gestão e planejamento compartilhados, os financiamentos federais para habitação, o desenvolvimento urbano e a retomada do protagonismo dos governos estaduais em torno da criação e regulamentação das áreas metropolitanas.O estudo de caso do Consórcio Intermunicipal Grande ABC propõe-se analisar esse período de transição, priorizando a análise dos limites e potencialidades da atuação do Consórcio, bem como o processo de adaptação da instituição à nova legislação. A partir de uma pesquisa documental nos arquivos do consórcio e um levantamento da literatura crítica sobre escalas e a atuação e organização territorial do Estado, argumentamos que a escala regional e também a governança regional - representam uma construção social e política contestada. Isso não apenas se refletiu nas dificuldades enfrentadas na negociação e aprovação da legislação nacional acerca do consorciamento, mas também na transformação da própria estrutura do Consórcio Intermunicipal Grande ABC em consórcio público. / The objective of this dissertation is to analyse collaborative governance in ABC Paulista on more favorable macro-institutional environment of the post-2003 period, with a specific emphasis on the adaptation of the institution to the new national legislation regarding public consortia. We assume that in this period, the regional-metropolitan governance in the country has strengthened, primarily from the consolidation of a legal framework (eg Federal Law No. 11.107, of April 6, 2005 - the Law of the public consortium, the law no. 12,305, August 2010 law about solid waste and 11,445 January 2007 on sanitation) that encouraged shared management and planning, federal funding for housing and urban development, and the role of governments resumed state around the creation and regulation of metropolitan areas. The case study of the Intermunicipal Consortium Grande ABC intends to analyze this transition period, prioritizing the analysis of the limits and potential of the performance of the Consortium to the adaptation process to the new national legislation. On the basis of documental research in the Consortia and a synthesis of the critical literature on scales and the territorial organization and intervention of the state, we argue that the regional scale ¿ and also regional governance - represents a socially and politically contested process. This was not only reflected in the difficulties to negotiate and approve the national legislation on public consortia, but also in the transformation of the legal structure of the ABC consortium into a public institution.

Orientador: Carlos Antonio Brandão / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T14:43:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_MariaAbadiadaSilva_D.pdf: 2557698 bytes, checksum: 122af6ea5d88e628d53fd7e946025d21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é, inicialmente, identificar do ponto de vista teórico e analítico, o que é um problema metropolitano e quais as características, potencialidades e limitações da escala metropolitana de atuação política. O argumento desenvolvido é que há diferentes espacialidades das carências metropolitanas e que, portanto, estas podem ser tratadas sob diversos arranjos institucionais, que são, neste trabalho, exemplificados pelas experiências internacionais de gestão metropolitana em cinco países e outros arranjos não propriamente metropolitanos como os comitês de bacia, os pactos territoriais, os consórcios municipais e a contratualização inspirada no caso francês. Ou seja, buscar-se-á demonstrar que os problemas metropolitanos exigem escalas de atuação diferentes, que não se restringem apenas à escala metropolitana. A partir deste desdobramento analítico, analisaremos o caso específico da Região Metropolitana de Campinas, identificando as características e principais constrangimentos na gestão desta metrópole, a partir de duas dimensões distintas: uma política e institucional de ordem mais geral, que faz parte principalmente da estrutura federativa brasileira e outra mais específica, ligada à realidade regional, decorrente da características de sua institucionalidade recente. Também tomando o caso específico da RMC, selecionamos alguns problemas metropolitanos (Saneamento Ambiental, Transportes, Habitação e Segurança Pública), a partir dos quais discutiremos qual a interação escalar existente em cada uma dessas áreas de atuação. Realizaremos também um breve diagnóstico de cada um destes problemas bem como destacaremos as principais ações metropolitanas tentadas e implementadas recentemente / Abstract: The objective of this thesis is, initially, to identify from a theoretical and analytical perspective, what is a ¿Metropolitan Problem¿ and what are the characteristics, capabilities and limitations of the metropolitan action. The argument put forward is that there are different needs from the metropolitan areas that can be treated under different institutional arrangements, which are, in this work, exemplified by the experiences of international metropolitan government in five countries and other arrangements such as territorial pacts, consortia and municipal contracting based on the French case. We will demonstrate that the metropolitan problems require different scales of action, which are not restricted only to the metropolitan scale. From this analytical breakdown, we will review the specific case of the Campinas Metropolitan Area (CMA), identifying the characteristics and key constraints in managing this region, from two different dimensions: one political and institutional, which is part of the Brazilian federative structure, and other more specific, linked to regional reality, emerging from its recent institutionality. Also taking the specific case of CMA, we select some metropolitan problems (Environmental Sanitation, Transportation, Housing and Public Security), from which we discuss the interaction of different scales in each of these areas of expertise. Finally, we will make a brief diagnosis of each of these problems as well as the main metropolitan actions tried and implemented recently / Doutorado / Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente / Doutor em Economia Aplicada