Master of Arts / Department of English / Katherine Karlin / Fintan O’Toole proposes that Irish modernist writers could afford to be “opaque, allusive, densely textured” (410). Contrastingly, he posits that contemporary Irish writers, who engage in the simple ritual of words, believe that “the accumulation of potent and precise detail, if it is sufficiently thoroughly imagined, will call the universe into being” (412). The later microcosmic approach to storytelling has the power to speak to the same philosophical ideas, falling away from “the high ambition of Irish modernism” (412). “Roinnt Scéalta: Some Stories about Irish People” examines financial globalization and social progress in Ireland through careful observation of daily life, simple fragments of Irish characters’ lives, stripped-down to small moments that stand for larger public truths: Irish wives still want holidays to Europe, Irish men still wish to gamble and be independent of authority in their work, young adults still emigrate to America. Yet there are new truths: Black children speak Irish in Gael scoils, children of Polish and Chinese immigrants play hurling and Gaelic football in Croke Park, and African men set up window-washing services in small Irish towns. These stories evoke the voices of the displaced to convey the ways in which Ireland is shifting, socially and economically: Frank has lost his job as a painter, and the strain it causes on his marriage forces him into a job for a large corporation; Peo, having demolished his way through Dublin to pave space for apartments he could never afford and businesses he would never patron, finds work providing simple comfort to Buffalo, who is at the mercy of state-supported healthcare and monthly welfare checks; Iarla is convinced by Seán that moving to America will remedy his sense of deflation toward the Irish job market. While the progression of social norms is queried in these stories, they still reinforce and embody many of the sweeping generalizations associated with Irish fiction. This collection delves into the minds and morals of the displaced Irish working class, focusing oftentimes on the pub and the inner-workings of local, social politics in a fictional small town on the skirt of Dublin’s southside.

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between economic globalization and human development in low to medium developed countries and to see if different aspects of economic globalization have different effects on human development. The theoretical starting point of this study assumes that an increased level of economic globalization will lead to increased human development as governments will create new regimes aimed to maximize economic growth and to increase the welfare of the citizens. This study uses a quantitative method where statistical testing is preferred in order to be able to examine how economic globalization affects human development. The results of this study indicate that economic globalization has a positive effect on human development and that it is mainly trade globalization that makes up that effect, while financial globalization has no significant effect. It also suggests that the effects of economic globalization are weaker for the countries with the lowest levels of human development compared to countries with higher development.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge Alano.pdf: 3605122 bytes, checksum: 88aff93dc96537248515791ff28041ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-01 / The theme of this research is the manifestation of the financial globalization in Brazil, which main objective is to study the process of redefining the hegemony, involving the identification of the hegemonic class fraction in the interior of such dominant class and the historical moment when this redefinition is taking place. The main logical and conceptual instruments of support to the realization of this thesis were the Marxist political economy, with special emphasis in the theory of financial globalization headed by Chesnais and the concept of hegemony, promoted by Poulantzas in the field of political theory. The analysis of hegemony in Brazil, being specially inspired in the general guidelines of methodology suggested by Decio Saes (2001), took as base the economic policy and the main reforms established by the Brazilian State during the period of 1980-2006. The research allows evaluating the financialization aspects of the Brazilian economy and important impacts of the hegemony redefinition in the sphere of the dominant class, in the structural redistribution of the wealth produced by the Brazilian workers. The research concludes that the currently hegemonic fraction in the interior of the political dominant block in today s Brazilian society is the international financial oligarchy, which has a hybrid composition - it is mainly composed, in one hand, by the so-called Institutional Investors and, on the other hand, by the big international bank capital. This oligarchy is present in the national political life by means of a foreign management segment, made up mainly by Brazilians dependent of this oligarchy. Concludes also that the mark of the political victory of the new hegemonic fraction in Brazil was the impeachment of president Collor in 1992 and that from 1999 on the economic policy of the Brazilian State became entirely synchronized with the interests of the international financial oligarchy / O tema desta pesquisa é a manifestação da mundialização financeira no Brasil, tendo como objetivo principal o estudo do processo de redefinição da hegemonia, envolvendo a identificação da fração de classe hegemônica no interior da classe dominante e o momento histórico em que se concretiza esta redefinição. Os principais instrumentos lógico-conceituais de apoio à condução da pesquisa foram, por um lado, a economia política marxista, com especial ênfase na teoria da mundialização financeira encabeçada por Chesnais e, no campo da teoria política, o conceito poulantziano de hegemonia. O estudo da hegemonia no Brasil, inspirando-se, especialmente, nas linhas gerais da metodologia sugerida por Décio Saes (2001), teve por base a política econômica e as principais reformas introduzidas pelo Estado brasileiro no período 1980-2006. A pesquisa permite avaliar aspectos da financeirização da economia brasileira e importantes impactos da redefinição da hegemonia, no âmbito da classe dominante, na redistribuição estrutural da riqueza produzida pelos trabalhadores do Brasil. A pesquisa conclui que a fração hegemônica atualmente no interior do bloco no poder da sociedade brasileira é a oligarquia financeira internacional, a qual possui uma composição híbrida, pois é constituída, principalmente, por um lado, pelos chamados Investidores Institucionais , e, por outro, pelo grande capital bancário internacional. Esta oligarquia faz-se presente na vida política nacional por meio de um segmento gerencial estrangeiro, composto principalmente por brasileiros dependentes desta oligarquia. Conclui, também, que o marco da vitória política da nova fração hegemônica, no Brasil, foi o processo de impeachment do presidente Collor, em 1992, e que foi a partir de 1999 que a política econômica do Estado brasileiro se tornou plenamente sintonizada com os interesses da oligarquia financeira internacional

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:56:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge Alano.pdf: 3605122 bytes, checksum: 88aff93dc96537248515791ff28041ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-01 / The theme of this research is the manifestation of the financial globalization in Brazil, which main objective is to study the process of redefining the hegemony, involving the identification of the hegemonic class fraction in the interior of such dominant class and the historical moment when this redefinition is taking place. The main logical and conceptual instruments of support to the realization of this thesis were the Marxist political economy, with special emphasis in the theory of financial globalization headed by Chesnais and the concept of hegemony, promoted by Poulantzas in the field of political theory. The analysis of hegemony in Brazil, being specially inspired in the general guidelines of methodology suggested by Decio Saes (2001), took as base the economic policy and the main reforms established by the Brazilian State during the period of 1980-2006. The research allows evaluating the financialization aspects of the Brazilian economy and important impacts of the hegemony redefinition in the sphere of the dominant class, in the structural redistribution of the wealth produced by the Brazilian workers. The research concludes that the currently hegemonic fraction in the interior of the political dominant block in today s Brazilian society is the international financial oligarchy, which has a hybrid composition - it is mainly composed, in one hand, by the so-called Institutional Investors and, on the other hand, by the big international bank capital. This oligarchy is present in the national political life by means of a foreign management segment, made up mainly by Brazilians dependent of this oligarchy. Concludes also that the mark of the political victory of the new hegemonic fraction in Brazil was the impeachment of president Collor in 1992 and that from 1999 on the economic policy of the Brazilian State became entirely synchronized with the interests of the international financial oligarchy / O tema desta pesquisa é a manifestação da mundialização financeira no Brasil, tendo como objetivo principal o estudo do processo de redefinição da hegemonia, envolvendo a identificação da fração de classe hegemônica no interior da classe dominante e o momento histórico em que se concretiza esta redefinição. Os principais instrumentos lógico-conceituais de apoio à condução da pesquisa foram, por um lado, a economia política marxista, com especial ênfase na teoria da mundialização financeira encabeçada por Chesnais e, no campo da teoria política, o conceito poulantziano de hegemonia. O estudo da hegemonia no Brasil, inspirando-se, especialmente, nas linhas gerais da metodologia sugerida por Décio Saes (2001), teve por base a política econômica e as principais reformas introduzidas pelo Estado brasileiro no período 1980-2006. A pesquisa permite avaliar aspectos da financeirização da economia brasileira e importantes impactos da redefinição da hegemonia, no âmbito da classe dominante, na redistribuição estrutural da riqueza produzida pelos trabalhadores do Brasil. A pesquisa conclui que a fração hegemônica atualmente no interior do bloco no poder da sociedade brasileira é a oligarquia financeira internacional, a qual possui uma composição híbrida, pois é constituída, principalmente, por um lado, pelos chamados Investidores Institucionais , e, por outro, pelo grande capital bancário internacional. Esta oligarquia faz-se presente na vida política nacional por meio de um segmento gerencial estrangeiro, composto principalmente por brasileiros dependentes desta oligarquia. Conclui, também, que o marco da vitória política da nova fração hegemônica, no Brasil, foi o processo de impeachment do presidente Collor, em 1992, e que foi a partir de 1999 que a política econômica do Estado brasileiro se tornou plenamente sintonizada com os interesses da oligarquia financeira internacional

The goal of this thesis is to study the international portfolio choices of countries in an asymmetric world. In practice, this corresponds to the salient facts of country portfolios and the underlying structural asymmetries between developing and developed countries in a financially integrated world. In the three main chapters of the thesis, frameworks are developed to advance our understanding of the way various country asymmetries contribute to the emergence of these persistent phenomena in international capital markets. The first essay studies the question of why developing countries experience net equity inflows and bond outflows while developed countries experience net equity outflows and bond inflows, the so-called ‘two-way capital flows'. The analysis is based on an open-economy New Keynesian model of endogenous country portfolios with representative agents in each country. The model is so general that it allows one to perform an assessment of the roles of a long list of country asymmetries in determining the pattern of two-way capital flows. While steady-state net country portfolios are zero in the first essay, the second and third essays consider the situations where this is not true. The second essay presents an OLG model of an endowment economy with a country asymmetry in households' patience. Global imbalances in net positions emerge. Gross portfolio positions are obtained as the sum of standard self-hedging and, moreover, the hedging due to external imbalances. The valuation effects of external adjustments between creditor and debtor countries are rationalized. By introducing non-tradable risks, the third essay models a production OLG economy with a country asymmetry in wealth division. Global imbalances in net positions again arise. Gross portfolio positions are composed of self-hedging, hedging of non-tradable income and hedging of external interest payments, which accounts for the reality of asymmetric asset home bias, i.e. although assets are locally biased everywhere, the pattern is more pronounced in creditor countries.

No description available.

O desempenho agrícola está condicionado a fatores exógenos e endógenos ao setor. Os fatores exógenos têm origem tanto no exterior, frutos da evolução da economia internacional, como no próprio país, originando-se nas evoluções de caráter macroeconômico. Os fatores endógenos vinculam-se a iniciativas e eventos do próprio setor, muitas vezes em resposta aos fatores exógenos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi recuperar a partir das intenções e ações governamentais ao intervir no setor agrícola direta ou indiretamente, como se conformaram as políticas agrícola e agrária brasileira e qual o papel da agricultura para o desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro, a partir da década de noventa. A hipótese testada foi a de que as políticas agrícola e agrária no Brasil são conformadas em harmonia com a política macroeconômica. Para testar tal hipótese, analisamos a comportamento da política macroeconômica brasileira bem como esta se conforma diante do processo de globalização financeira, para depois então compreender o setor agrícola. A base empírica para esta investigação constituiu-se de pesquisas, estudos e dados secundários que tratam da temática. A análise de tais fontes empíricas permitiu concluir que a hipótese básica estava correta. Ou seja, a partir dos anos noventa, a conformação da política macroeconômica está condicionada ao processo de globalização financeira, e as políticas setoriais, particularmente as políticas agrícola e agrária, estão em harmonia com a política macroeconômica nacional. A inserção da agricultura na dinâmica do capital financeiro decorre de determinantes globais que conferem as características mais amplas à expansão do processo de acumulação, mas está condicionado às especificidades definidas pela forma como a economia brasileira se inseriu ao processo de globalização financeira. / The agricultural performance is subject to endogenous and exogenous factors to the sector. The exogenous factors have both home abroad, the fruits of developments in the international economy, as in their own country, causing around the character of macroeconomic developments. The endogenous factors linked to events and initiatives of the sector, often in response to exogenous factors. Therefore, the objective of this work was recovering from governmental actions and intentions to intervene in the agricultural sector directly or indirectly, as if shaped the policies and Brazilian agricultural land and what the role of agriculture for the Brazilian economic development, from the decade -nineties. The tested hypothesis was that the policies and agricultural land in Brazil are formed in line with macroeconomic policy. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the behavior of Brazilian macroeconomic policy and it conforms forward the process of financial globalization, then to understand the agricultural sector. The empirical basis for this research consisted of surveys, studies and secondary data dealing with the issue. The empirical analysis of such sources has concluded that the basic assumption was correct. That is, from the early nineties, the conformation of macroeconomic policy is subject to the process of financial globalization, and sectorial policies, particularly the agricultural and agrarian policies are in line with the national macroeconomic policy. The inclusion of agriculture in the dynamics of financial capital due to global determine the features that add to the expansion of the broader process of accumulation, but is subject to the specific defined by the way if the Brazilian economy entered the process of financial globalization.

A globalização desencadeou uma maior aproximação econômica entre os indivíduos, as empresas e os governos do mundo todo. Desta forma, de maneira muito rápida são executadas decisões de investimentos por parte dos aplicadores financeiros por todo o mundo na busca de governos ou empresas que se disponham a pagar “mais juros” sobre o capital financeiro aplicado. Assim, a globalização financeira e a abertura econômica estão intimamente relacionadas com o câmbio e a política monetária. A essência dessa relação foi desenvolvida na década de 1960 por Mundell e Fleming como a "Trindade Impossível", a qual destaca que é possível atingir apenas dois dos três desejáveis objetivos de uma nação: a integração financeira, a estabilidade da taxa de câmbio e a autonomia monetária. Neste contexto, o objetivo central deste estudo será analisar a influência da globalização financeira na determinação da taxa de juros brasileira, observando o atual contexto da globalização financeira no mundo e no Brasil e as interações entre os mercados monetário e de câmbio. Então, este estudo é de grande relevância porque a globalização fez com que o globo deixasse de ser apenas uma figura astronômica, mas sim um território no qual todos se encontram relacionados e há uma gama de relações que passam desapercebidas no dia a dia, que aqui serão evidenciadas. Para isso, há cinco partes neste estudo. A primeira parte apresentará uma introdução do tema; a parte dois abordará a globalização financeira, desde uma visão geral sobre o assunto até os seus efeitos no mundo e no Brasil; a parte três apresentará as interações dos mercados monetário e de câmbio; a parte quatro apresentará a Trindade Impossível; a parte cinco avaliará aspectos que afetam a política monetária brasileira, a partir de um estudo econométrico, que explica a taxa de juros do Brasil como função de alguns parâmetros endógenos e exógenos; e a parte seis destacará as principais conclusões sobre a influência da globalização financeira na determinação da taxa de juros do Brasil, especialmente nos últimos quinze anos da história brasileira. / Globalization approached individuals, businesses and governments economically around the world. In this way, financial investors take decisions searching for governments or companies which are willing to pay "more interests" for the financial capital invested. Thus, financial globalization and economic liberalization are closely related to the exchange rate and monetary policy. The essence of this relationship was developed in the 1960s by Mundell and Fleming as the "Trinity Impossible", that means to achieve only two out of three desirable goals of a nation: financial integration, exchange rate stability and monetary autonomy. In this context, the main goal of this study is to analyze the influence of financial globalization that affects Brazilian interest rates, observing the current context of financial globalization in the world and in Brazil; and the interactions between monetary and exchange markets. So, this study is very important because globalization has made the globe not just an astronomical figure, but a territory in which everybody is related, and there is an range of relationships unrealized every day. That will become apparent in this study. For that, there are five parts in this study. Part one will be an introduction of the theme; part two will deal with financial globalization, from an overview of the subject to its effects in the world and in Brazil; part three will present the interactions of monetary and exchange markets; part four will present the Trinity Impossible; part five will evaluate aspects that affect Brazilian monetary policy, by a econometric model, which explains Brazilian interest rates as a function of some endogenous and exogenous parameters; and part six will highlight the main findings on the influence of financial globalization that affects Brazilian interest rates, especially in the last fifteen years in Brazilian history.

Nesta pesquisa buscamos compreender a produção social da escala metropolitana em um contexto atual de mundialização financeira. Neste sentido, reunimos dados referentes à abertura de capital nas incorporadoras do setor da construção civil brasileiras, abordando a penetração do capital financeiro em suas estruturas e a ampliação da escala de produção e de atuação geográfica destas empresas a partir de 2005. Estes dados foram iluminados com um estudo simultâneo sobre o endividamento imobiliário urbano, por meio da abordagem dos leilões de imóveis, trazendo os conteúdos do desemprego para a compreensão crítica do crédito imobiliário urbano. O mapeamento dos dados se concentrou na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Identificamos o desdobramento da noção de moderna propriedade da terra em posse e propriedade, liberando a propriedade abstrata para circular como mercadoria e concentrando na posse as lutas cotidianas pela habitação. Constatamos a introdução do endividamento imobiliário como forma significativa de acesso à habitação nas periferias metropolitanas. Este endividamento foi compreendido como elemento de ritmanálise, capaz de transmitir os ritmos de valorização do capital mundial financeiro, definidos pela presença do capital fictício, aos ritmos de trabalho, de exploração e de espoliação urbanos, redefinindo o modo de vida metropolitano, notadamente por meio do acesso à habitação e à cidade. / In this research, we have sought to understand the social production of the metropolitan scale in the contemporary context of financial globalization. Having this in mind, we have gathered data concerning Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) by Brazilian construction firms, bringing into focus the penetration of finance capital into the firms structures, as well as the firms larger scale of operation and geographical reach from 2005 onwards. These data are clarified by a parallel investigation on urban mortgage indebtedness through an analysis of real estate auctions in connection to unemployment levels in metropolitan areas. Data mapping has been limited to the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo. We have recognized the development of modern landed property into (the opposing forms of) ownership and tenure as a process that makes it possible for abstract property to circulate as a commodity while everyday housing struggles focus on tenure rights. We have also noted that mortgage indebtedness has become a fundamental form of access to housing on the metropolitan peripheries. This mortgage indebtedness has been interpreted as an element of rhythmanalysis, in which the rhythms of the valorization of global finance capital characterized by the presence of fictitious capital are transmitted to the rhythms of labor, of urban exploitation and urban dispossession, reshaping the metropolitan way of life, especially with regard to the access to housing and to the city in a general sense.

O presente trabalho aborda a cooperação regulatória internacional na área financeira a partir de uma perspectiva de direito internacional público. Destacando a crescente interdependência entre os sistemas financeiros nacionais e a consequente insuficiência de respostas regulatórias isoladas, circunscritas às fronteiras políticas dos países, examina os esforços conjuntos de governos e autoridades de regulação para a contenção do risco sistêmico internacional e a prevenção de crises financeiras. Para tanto, descreve inicialmente o processo histórico de internacionalização da atividade financeira e a formação de um consenso – especialmente após a recente crise financeira mundial – sobre a necessidade de fortalecimento da cooperação regulatória na área. Investiga, a seguir, as principais características das redes regulatórias transgovernamentais que, nas últimas décadas, têm ocupado o centro dos esforços de cooperação internacional no campo da regulação financeira, em especial o caráter subestatal dos seus principais atores, a informalidade que tem marcado as suas ações e uma crescente preocupação com a legitimidade procedimental. Na última parte, o trabalho centra a sua análise nos instrumentos e alcance da cooperação regulatória, abordando o uso de soft law na formulação de recomendações e padrões (standards) internacionais, sua absorção regulatória no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e a reforma que vem sendo realizada na arquitetura financeira mundial como reação à crise financeira global, com suas implicações para o futuro da cooperação internacional. / This study addresses international financial regulatory cooperation in a public international law perspective. It explores the combined efforts of national governments and domestic regulatory authorities to contain international systemic risk and prevent financial crises, as national financial systems became more interdependent and internal regulatory responses – conducted within and limited to national borders – have proved to be insufficient or ineffective. Describing the historical process that culminated with the internationalization of financial activity, this study points out the international consensus that was built, after the global financial crisis, on the need of strengthening regulatory cooperation. It assesses the main characteristics of transgovernmental regulatory networks that have been in the center of international financial regulation in the past three decades, analyzing its distinctive feature of being comprised of substate actors, the consequences of networks informality to international law and its growing concern with legitimacy. Attention is also drawn to the soft law regime and international standard setting process that marks regulatory cooperation in financial matters, in special to the regulatory influence exerted by international financial standards on the Brazilian legal system, the current reform of the international financial architecture after the global crisis and its implications to the future of international regulatory cooperation.