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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeito do ácido acético sobre o crescimento e fermentação da levedura Meyerozyma guilliermondii

Perna, Michelle dos Santos Cordeiro 26 August 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-10T12:27:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMSCP.pdf: 2238237 bytes, checksum: 45491802360ff30f68b05e329839935b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-13T19:41:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMSCP.pdf: 2238237 bytes, checksum: 45491802360ff30f68b05e329839935b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-13T19:42:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMSCP.pdf: 2238237 bytes, checksum: 45491802360ff30f68b05e329839935b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-13T19:42:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMSCP.pdf: 2238237 bytes, checksum: 45491802360ff30f68b05e329839935b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / Não recebi financiamento / The viability of technologies that make possible to use all available plant biomass, such as the production of lignocellulosic ethanol, faces challenges as the search for microorganisms capable of fermenting pentoses with high tolerance to inhibitors released in the biomass hydrolysis step, such as acetic acid and furfural. This study aimed to evaluate the metabolizing capacity of pentoses and glucose by a yeast strain of Meyerozyma guilliermondii (CCT7783) in the presence of furfural and acetic acid. The first set of experiments comprised the evaluation of cell growth in a synthetic medium containing acetic acid as the sole carbon source at concentrations of 1.5; 2.5; 4.5; 10.5; 13.5; 16.5 and 19.5 g/L at 30°C, 160 rpm, pH 5.5, with initial concentration of 0.2 g/L of dry mass for a period of 96 hours of incubation. It was also evaluated the effect of pH (3.5 and 5.5) and the initial concentration of dry mass (0.2, 0.5 and 2.5 g/L). The second set of experiments consisted in the evaluation of the effect of furfural (20 and 40 mg/L) and acetic acid (5 and 10 g/L) in the fermentation of pentoses (arabinose and xylose) and glucose, biomass and ethanol production. The yeast M. guilliermondii was able to grow in synthetic medium in all the acetic acid concentrations tested, at pH 5.5. The concentrations of acetic acid evaluated were much higher than those commonly found in hemicellulosic hydrolysates. Growth inhibition occurred in concentrations of acetic acid beyond 10.5 g/L. The initial pH and the initial cell concentration influenced the growth and the acetic acid consumption. In synthetic medium containing glucose, pentoses and acetic acid as carbon sources, the highest specific growth rate was obtained in the treatment with the addition of 5 g/L of acetic acid, which was consumed concomitantly with the pentoses and glucose in all treatments, however the acetic acid was an inhibitor at the concentration of 10 g/L. Furfural inhibited the growth of the yeast in the concentration of 40 mg/L. The ethanol production by M. guilliermondii was lower comparing to the micro-organisms commonly utilized in the fermentation process. The yeast was able to grow and promote the biological detoxification even in the presence of the inhibitors like acetic acid and furfural, showing that the process requires optimization and that the yeast M. guilliermondii may be applied in biotechnological routes for the production of second generation ethanol. / A viabilidade de tecnologias que aproveitem ao máximo toda a biomassa vegetal disponível, como a produção de etanol lignocelulósico, enfrenta desafios como a busca por micro-organismos capazes de fermentar pentoses, com alta tolerância aos inibidores liberados na etapa de hidrólise da biomassa, como o ácido acético e o furfural. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a capacidade de metabolização de pentoses e glicose por uma linhagem da levedura Meyerozyma guilliermondii (CCT7783), na presença de furfural e ácido acético. A primeira fase experimental consistiu da avaliação do crescimento celular em meio sintético contendo ácido acético como única fonte de carbono nas concentrações de 1,5; 2,5; 4,5; 10,5; 13,5; 16,5 e 19,5 g/L, a 30ºC, 160 rpm, pH 5,5, com concentração inicial de 0,2 g/L de massa seca durante um período de incubação de 96 h. Avaliou-se ainda nesta etapa a influência do pH (3,5 e 5,5) e concentração inicial de massa seca (0,2; 0,5 e 2,5 g/L). A segunda fase consistiu na avaliação do efeito do furfural (20 e 40 mg/L) e ácido acético (5 e 10 g/L) na fermentação de pentoses (arabinose e xilose) e glicose, produção de biomassa e etanol. A levedura M. guilliermondii foi capaz de crescer em meio sintético em todas as concentrações de ácido acético testadas, em pH 5,5, sendo essas concentrações muito acima daquelas normalmente encontradas em hidrolisados hemicelulósicos. A concentração a partir da qual ocorreu inibição do crescimento foi 10,5 g/L. O pH inicial teve influência no consumo do ácido acético e crescimento assim como a concentração celular inicial. Em meio sintético contendo glicose, pentoses e ácido acético como fontes de carbono, a maior velocidade específica de crescimento foi obtida no tratamento com adição de 5 g/L de ácido acético, o qual foi consumido concomitantemente com as pentoses e glicose em todos os tratamentos, porém o ácido acético atuou como inibidor na concentração de 10 g/L. O furfural inibiu o crescimento da levedura na concentração de 40 mg/L. A produção de etanol (g/L) foi baixa em relação aos micro-organismos comumente aplicados no processo de fermentação, porém a levedura foi capaz de crescer e promover a detoxificação biológica mesmo na presença de inibidores como ácido acético e furfural, denotando que o processo requer otimização e que a levedura M. guilliermondii pode ser aplicada em rotas biotecnológicas de produção de etanol de segunda geração.
2

Seleção de leveduras fermentadoras de xilose e análise do exometaboloma de Meyerozyma guilliermondii UFV-1 / Selection of yeasts fermenting xylose and exometabolome analysis of Meyerozyma guilliermondii UFV-1

Silveira, Fernando Augusto da 28 July 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:52:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1124939 bytes, checksum: fc1e814adfedce17cc2a8ab97331b5d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / There is a great interest in the selection of yeasts able to convert xylose, the main pentose released from the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, into metabolites of industrial interest, such as fuel, food ingredients, drugs and antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, five xylose fermenting yeasts were selected from the culture collection of the Laboratory of Physiology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Among them, Meyerozyma guilliermondii UFV-1 was able to completely consume xylose available in the medium and convert it into ethanol and other metabolites of industrial relevance. Its fermentation potential was evaluated at different oxygen concentrations. Ethanol production was higher in hypoxia where the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the culture medium was 10% (1.98 g L -1). The higher production of xylitol, 5.34 g L-1, was also obtained in hypoxia. The effect of ethanol and acetic acid, furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural, inhibitors generated during the acid pre-treatment, on the growth of M. guilliermondii UFV-1 was evaluated. The yeast was able to grow in ethanol concentration of 13.5 g L-1 corresponding to the maximum amount that can be produced from the xylose released from hemicellulose. Furthermore, M. guilliermondii UFV-1 grew in concentrations of acetic acid, furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural which are normally found in hemicellulose hydrolysates. Analysis of M. guilliermondii UFV-1 exometaboloma revealed no difference in the metabolites profile produced in the two growth conditions evaluated: low specific growth rate and near maximum specific growth rate. Five metabolites of biotechnological interest were identified: valeric, caproic and butyric acids, used as antifungal; glicofuranoside used by the pharmaceutical industry in the control of diabetes; and malic acid, compound used in food industry as acidulant and flavor enhancer. Therefore, the identification of these extracellular metabolites demonstrates the biotechnology potential of this yeast not only to produce ethanol and xylitol, but other chemicals of industrial interest. / Existe grande interesse na seleção de leveduras que possam converter xilose, principal pentose liberada do pré-tratamento de biomassas lignocelulósicas, em metabólitos de interesse industrial, tais como combustíveis, ingredientes de alimentos, drogas antimicrobianas e fármacos. Portanto, cinco leveduras fermentadoras de xilose foram selecionadas a partir da coleção de culturas do Laboratório de Fisiologia de Micro-organismos do Departamento de Microbiologia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Dentre essas, destacou-se a levedura Meyerozyma guilliermondii UFV-1, capaz de consumir totalmente a xilose disponível no meio e convertê-la em etanol e outros metabólitos de interesse industrial. O potencial fermentativo dessa levedura foi avaliado em diferentes concentrações de oxigênio. A produção de etanol foi maior no cultivo em hipoxia cuja concentração de oxigênio dissolvido (OD) no meio de cultivo foi de 10% (1,98 g L-1). A maior produção de xilitol, 5,34 g L-1, foi obtida em hipoxia em Erlenmeyer. Verificou-se o efeito do etanol e dos inibidores ácido acético, furfural e hidroximetilfurfural, formados no pré-tratamento ácido, no crescimento de M. guilliermondii UFV-1. A levedura foi capaz de crescer em concentrações de etanol de 13,5 g L-1 que correspondem aos valores máximos que podem ser produzidos a partir da xilose liberada da hemicelulose. Além disso, M. guilliermondii UFV-1 cresceu nas concentrações de ácido acético, furfural e hidroximetilfurfural normalmente encontradas em hidrolisados hemicelulósicos. A análise do exometaboloma de M. guilliermondii UFV-1 revelou que não houve diferença no perfil de metabólitos produzidos nas duas condições de crescimento avaliadas: baixa velocidade específica de crescimento e velocidade específica de crescimento próxima da máxima. Foram identificados 5 metabólitos de interesse biotecnológico: os ácidos valérico, capróico e butírico, usados como antifúngicos; o glicofuranosídeo, utilizado pela indústria farmacêutica no controle de diabetes; e o ácido málico, composto utilizado na indústria alimentícia como acidulante e realçador de sabor. Portanto, a identificação desses metabólitos extracelulares demonstra o potencial biotecnológico dessa levedura não apenas para a produção de etanol e xilitol, mas de outros produtos químicos de interesse industrial.
3

Leveduras produtoras de AIA e solubilizadoras de P visando a promoção de crescimento de tomateiro

Oliveira, Thaís Borges de 26 August 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-03-30T19:00:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTBO.pdf: 1573981 bytes, checksum: e4e97b3faf18cb39cb38dffdf87ccfc6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-04-17T19:48:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTBO.pdf: 1573981 bytes, checksum: e4e97b3faf18cb39cb38dffdf87ccfc6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-04-17T19:49:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTBO.pdf: 1573981 bytes, checksum: e4e97b3faf18cb39cb38dffdf87ccfc6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-17T20:04:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTBO.pdf: 1573981 bytes, checksum: e4e97b3faf18cb39cb38dffdf87ccfc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / Não recebi financiamento / Microorganisms Plant Growth Promoters (MPCV) have the ability to produce compounds which stimulate plant growth by different mechanisms, such as the production of plant hormones and solubilization of minerals. Considering these aspects, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of yeast strains as plant growth promoters by producing indole acetic acid (IAA) and phosphate solubilization, and its inoculation of tomato seedlings. Six yeast strains were evaluated belonging to bank microorganisms Agricultural Microbiology and Molecular Laboratory (LAMAM - CCA, UFSCar). For the evaluation of IAA production by isolates the colorimetric method was used, modified DiMenna (1957); for quantification of tricalcium phosphate solubilization was used to colorimetric method of molybdenum blue. The test with tomato seedlings was conducted in a greenhouse with different cell concentrations of T. globosa (5S55) and with or without addition of glucose and tryptophan. The results showed that isolates of T. globosa and Rh. mucilaginosa produced IAA in the presence of tryptophan; the isolates of T. globosa and M. guilliermondii solubilized inorganic phosphate in a liquid medium. The isolate T. globosa (5S55) promoted the growth of tomato seedlings, with significant increases in the length of shoot and root. In conclusion, the isolates of T. globosa, Rh. mucilaginosa and M. guilliermondii have the potential for improving plant production by IAA production and / or phosphate solubilization; the yeast T. globosa (5S55) was shown to promote growth of tomato plants. / Micro-organismos Promotores de Crescimento Vegetal (MPCV) apresentam a habilidade de produzir compostos que estimulam o desenvolvimento das plantas por meio de diferentes mecanismos, como a produção de hormônios vegetais e a solubilização de minerais. Considerando estes aspectos, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial de linhagens de leveduras como promotoras de crescimento vegetal, através da avaliação in vitro da produção de ácido indolacético e solubilização de fosfato, e da avaliação in vivo através da inoculação da linhagem com melhores resultados em mudas de tomate. Foram avaliadas seis linhagens de levedura pertencentes ao banco de micro-organismos do Laboratório de Microbiologia Agrícola e Molecular (LAMAM - CCA, UFSCar). Para a avaliação da produção de AIA pelos isolados foi utilizada a metodologia colorimétrica, modificada de diMenna (1957); para quantificação da solubilização de fosfato tricálcico foi utilizada o método colorimétrico do azul de molibdênio. O ensaio com mudas de tomate foi realizado em casa de vegetação com diferentes concentrações de células de T. globosa (5S55), e com adição ou não de glicose e triptofano. Os resultados mostraram que os isolados de T. globosa e o isolado de Rhodotorula mucilaginosa produziram AIA na presença de triptofano; os isolados de T. globosa e o isolado de Meyerozyma guilliermondii solubilizaram fosfato inorgânico em meio líquido. A levedura T. globosa (5S55) promoveu o crescimento das mudas de tomate, com aumentos significativos no comprimento da parte aérea e raiz. Conclui-se que os isolados de T. globosa, Rh. mucilaginosa e M. guilliermondii apresentam potencial para a melhoria da produção vegetal através da produção de AIA e/ou solubilização de fosfato; a levedura T. globosa, isolado 5S55, mostrou ser capaz de promover o crescimento de mudas de tomate.
4

Studie aktivity extracelulárních enzymů produkovaných různými druhy kvasinek / The study of extracellular enzymes produced by different species of yeast

Vršanská, Martina January 2014 (has links)
The thesis deals with the study of the different yeast strains from the point of view of extracellular lipolytic enzyme production. First part of this work consisting of appropriate yeasts was developed within study interships in Slovak Academy of Sciences, department of Glycomics in Bratislava. From ten given strains three yeasts such as Pseudozyma fusiformata, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Yarrowia lipolytica were chosen, these strains showed the highest lipolytic activity and cell growth on basal medium with Tween 80. These yeasts were used for optimization of cultivation conditions and characterization of lipolytic enzymes. The yeasts were cultivated on media with different carbon sources, which appeared to be a most suitable medium the basal medium with Tween. Tween acted as and inducer of lipase production. The substrate specificity was determined using three p-nitrophenylester substrates with varying sizes of the fatty acid site chains. The results showed that tested lipases are probably triacylglycerol-acyl-hydrolases which has the highest activity towards in the water insoluble substrates with medium long chains. The pH optimum and temperature optimum were measured. The results showed that the tested lipases had the highest activity in neutral and mild acid region around 30°C. By measuring of thermal stability has been demonstrated that extracellular lipases are relatively thermostable enzymes. Afterwards the storage stability was measured for 5 weeks when supernatant was kept in fridge at 4°C and in freezing box at -20°C. The results showed that in both cases tested lipases exhibited high storage stability which allows to store the samples without loss of activity for a longer time. Finally, the results of lipolytic and proteolytic activity, cell growth and pH of the medium of yeast Y. lipolytica were compared between the batch cultivation in L-tubes with the continual cultivation in the bioreactor. The highest lipases production was achieved in bioreactor due to the setting conditions of the continual proces to regulate the production and enzymatic stability.

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