No description available.

No description available.

I dagsläget kan WM-datas Fältmodul i deras MoveITS-system inte hantera kartdata i andra format än Shape. Fältmodulen är en TabletPC som kör operativsystemet Windows XP. Den kan användas för att redigera viss geografisk information som exempelvis skyltpositioner. Fältmodulen används av Stockholms Tekniska kontor för inventering av skyltstolpar.Stockholms Tekniska kontor ska börja leverera sina kartor i GML (Geography Markup Language). Men eftersom WM-datas Fältmodul inte klarar av det formatet skulle det här examensarbetet gå ut på att ta fram komponenter för hantering av det. Då det under examensarbetets gång har varit svårt att få tag i information runt GML har istället en större fokus blivit lagd på MIF (MapInfo Interchange Format). Eftersom det finns andra kommuner som använder MIF finns det intresse från WM-data att det tas fram komponenter även för detta format.Ett stort antal klasser har utvecklats för hantering av MIF-filer. Dessa klasser är helt utvecklade i C# och har gjorts under examensarbetets gång utifrån de specifikationer som finns för formatet från företaget MapInfo. För GML har det tagits fram information som kan ligga till grund för utveckling av komponenter för hantering av det formatet.

In the semi-arid southwestern US, the lack of continuous records of climate over the last glacial cycle has precluded a complete understanding of the rates and timing of past regional changes in climate. Speleothems can provide high-resolution, continuous record of moisture, temperature, and, potentially, vegetation variations and can be precisely dated by uranium-series disequilibrium. We have produced two U-series dated speleothem δ¹⁸O records from Cave of the Bells (COB). COB is located in Santa Cruz County, Arizona on the east side of the Santa Rita Mountains (31°45'N, 110°45'W; 1700 m). The glacial speleothem δ¹⁸O record (53 to 8.5 ka) confirms that deglaciation in the Southwest proceeded via a stepwise shift, mirroring the Bølling-Allerød warming and Younger Dryas cooling, beginning around 15 ka. There is no evidence of early warming before the decline of the large ice sheets. In Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3; 53 to 30 ka), we observe millennial variations similar to Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events first seen in Greenland ice core δ¹⁸O records with wet/cold conditions indicated by our cave record during glacial stadials (cold periods) and dry/warm during glacial interstadials (warmer periods). High-resolution U-series dating allows for refinement of the timing of DO events in MIS3, and spectral analysis confirms the presence of a 1515-year climate cycle during this time. The δ¹⁸O data from a Holocene stalagmite (~6.9 to 3.5 ka) average ~3‰ higher than modern and exhibit substantial multidecadal to multicentury variation. We propose that in addition to drier/warmer conditions in the winter, a stronger summer monsoon and perhaps warmer summer temperatures supplied waters with higher δ¹⁸O values to the cave during the mid-Holocene. Spectral analysis of early part of the δ¹⁸O record reveals variability at periods of 233 years and at 142 and 52. After ~4.9 ka a prominent shift from centennial to multidecadal periods of variability (a 70 to 50-year cycle) is observed and there is a slight decrease in average δ¹⁸O values. This shift is coincident with a hypothesized increase in El Niño activity, which is correlated to wet winters in the modern southwest, in the tropical Pacific at ~5 ka.

Seismic data from 31 seismic stations, consisting of 16 SPREE (Superior Province Rifting Earthscope Experiment) and 15 TA (Transportable Array) instruments located from 80 - 97W and 41 – 55N were used to measure the lateral variation in the lithospheric fabric beneath the Superior Province and the Mid-Continent Rift (MCR). I made shear wave splitting measurements of SK(K)S phases by using the eigenvector minimization approach of Silver and Chan (1991). Error surfaces for multiple events were stacked in back-azimuthal swaths to examine directional variability. A single anisotropic layer model is sufficient to explain my data. My results show a high split time in the western Superior Province (WSP), very weak splits in the Nipigon Embayment and a moderate split in the eastern Superior. I observed low split times in the Penokean, Yavapai and Matzazal Provinces. A region of very low split is newly detected by this study immediately to the east of Lake Superior. The MCR shows moderate to low split times. There are subtle variations in the direction of the fast shear wave across the study region. The fast directions align with the direction of the absolute plate motion and the direction of tectonic boundaries in most regions. Lateral variation of anisotropy and lithospheric fabric is observed across the study area. The strong fabric observed in the western Superior is truncated to its east and to its south. I interpret southward truncation to be due to the Mid-Continent Rift. My result shows that lithospheric fabric in the Nipigon Embayment (NE) located just east of the WSP has been lost or seriously modified. The NE is interpreted to be an hotspot feature, which may have initiated the MCR. Moreover, the result of this study suggests that the lithosphere in the MCR may have been thinned or modified though not as much as the lithosphere of the NE. The newly discovered localized low split zone northeast of the MCR is similar in split time and extent to the feature in the NE. The relatively weak split in the eastern Superior Province may possibly be attributed to partial loss or modification of preexisting fabric resulting from the Great Meteor hotspot track.

No description available.

Chancen und Möglichkeiten des Duroplast für MID-Anwendungen

No description available.

Thesis (M. Sc.(Urb. Plan.))--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf [162-166]).

Les ARNs interagissant avec Piwi (ARNpi ou piRNA en anglais pour Piwi-interacting RNAs) interagissent avec les protéines de la branche PIWI de la famille des Argonautes. Ils participent à la répression des transposons dans la ligne germinale. Les ARNpi sont produits à partir de deux mécanismes: la biogenèse primaire et le cycle d'amplification Ping-Pong. Plusieurs questions fondamentales sur la biogenèse et la fonction des piRNAs sont encore ouvertes. Le travail de ce mémoire est concentré sur deux caractéristiques au niveau de la séquence dans les populations des ARNpi, le U1-biais et le biais de brin, dont les origines restent mystérieuses. Nos analyses ont révélé de nouvelles fonctions au protéines Piwi, dont les domaines MID et PIWI jouent un rôle essentiel dans la définition des deux biais. La structure cristalline du domaine MID de MIWI montre que l'uridine peut être favorisé comme premier nucléotide au niveau de l'extrémité 5' des ARNpi. De la même manière, nos résultats obtenus grâce aux études in vivo des protéines Piwi de Bombyx mori démontrent que le module MID-PIWI est essentiel pour déterminer le bias de brin des ARNpi s'associant avec les protéines Piwi. De plus, nous avons confirmé le rôle de la méthylation de la région N-terminale des protéines Piwi pour leur localisation dans la cellule. Ensemble, ces résultats offrent de nouveaux détails pour la compréhension de la biogenèse des ARNpi.Les protéines Piwi ne sont pas les seuls composants dans la voie des ARNpi. Des tests génétiques ainsi que des analyses biochimiques ont identifié plusieurs éléments impliqués dans la voie des ARNpi, cependant leurs fonctions restent obscures. J'ai étudié la protéine Vreteno, contenant des domaines Tudor, qui est impliquée dans le processus de biogenèse primaire des ARNpi. En utilisant la lignée cellulaire BmN4, nous avons identifié in vivo un complexe contenant Vreteno, des longues molécules d'ARN antisens, pouvant representer les précurseurs des ARNpi associés avec Siwi, ainsi que d'autres composants de la voie ARNpi, comme Ago3, BmTdrd12 et Spindle-E. De plus amples analyses sont nécessaires pour comprendre les fonctions de Vreteno dans la voie des ARNpi.Enfin, nous avons également étudié le rôle de l'hélicase à ARN Vasa dans la voie des piRNAs. Nos résultats démontrent que Vasa assemble un complexe régulé par l'ATP sur le ARN messager des transposons, afin de produire de nouveaux ARNpi secondaires avec orientation sens. En étudiant les différentes étapes de la voie des ARNpi, nos analyses ont fourni des informations importantes pour la compréhension de la biogénèse des ARNpi. / Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) associate to members of the PIWI clade of Argonaute proteins and are responsible for silencing of transposable elements in animal germ lines. piRNAs are produced through two biogenesis pathways, known as primary processing and Ping-Pong amplification cycle. There are many fundamental questions regarding piRNA biogenesis and function that are unsolved. In this thesis I have been focusing on the presence of two sequences features in piRNA populations, the U1-bias and the strand-bias, whose determination is not understood. Our analyses have revealed new features of the Piwi proteins, whose MID and PIWI domains play an essential role in the definition of both piRNA biases. The crystal structure of the MID domain of MIWI shows that uridine can be favored as the first nucleotide at the 5' end, while our in vivo results on Bombyx mori Piwi proteins demonstrate that the MID-PIWI module is essential to determine the strand bias of piRNAs that associate to the Piwi protein. Moreover we have confirmed the role of the methylation status of the N-terminus of Piwi protein for determining their localization. Altogether these findings provide new insights in the understanding of piRNA biogenesis.Piwi proteins are not the only components acting in the piRNA pathway. Genetic screenings and biochemical analyses have identified several other factors, which have been involved in the piRNA pathway, but whose functions remain elusive. I have focused on the Tudor domain-containing protein Vreteno, which has been involved in the primary biogenesis pathway. Using BmN4 cells, we have identified an in vivo complex of Vreteno, containing long antisense RNA molecules, which might represent the precursor of Siwi-piRNAs, and other piRNA known factors, like Ago3, BmTdrd12 and Spindle-E. Further analyses are required for the understanding of Vreteno functions in the piRNA pathway.Finally, we have also investigated the role of the RNA helicase Vasa in the piRNA pathway. Our results show that Vasa assembles an ATP-gated Ping-pong complex on transposon mRNAs to generate new sense-oriented secondary piRNAs. By looking at different step in the piRNA pathway our analyses have provided important insights for the understanding of the piRNA biogenesis.