This study focuses on exocontact mineral assemblages to determine composition, thermal signatures, and the extent of exomorphism that occurred between the Mt. Mica pegmatite and the migmatite host rock at the contact. Biotite-garnet thermometry of country rock samples resulted in an average temperature estimate of 630 °C. Measured biotite Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios were used to calculate an fO2 of -18. The results indicate that the country rock and pegmatite formed under similar oxidizing conditions near the quartz-fayalite-magnetite (QFM) equilibria buffer. Whole rock (REE) analysis indicates an interaction trend between the country rock and pegmatite. Exomorphism does not appear to have been significant at Mt. Mica, likely due to the moderately evolved nature of the pegmatite. Minor B leakage into the surrounding country rock is constrained to within 15 cm from the contact. Results indicate no enrichment of alkali elements (Li, Rb, Cs), As, U, or F occurred in minerals analyzed.

Es ist schon lange bekannt, dass das Immunsystem eine wichtige Rolle in der Immunabwehr von malignen Tumoren spielt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde das Verhalten der unten genannten Zellen, Rezeptoren und löslichem Protein MICA im peripheren Blut von Patienten mit soliden und hämatologischen Tumorerkrankungen sowie einer Kontrollgruppe mittels Durchflußzytometrie und ELISA-Verfahren untersucht. NK-Zellen ( u.a. CD 56+CD16-NK-Zellen, CD 56-CD16+ Nk-Zellen, CD56+CD16+NK-Zellen), NKT-Zellen und verschiedene T-Lymphozyten ( u.a. αβ-Lymphozyten, δγ-Lymphozyten, Vγ9Vδ1-Lymphozyetn, Vγ9Vδ2-Lymphozyten) sind auf direkten oder indirekten Weg über aktivierende Rezeptoren ( u.a. NKG2D, NKp44, NKp46, NKp33), inhibierende Rezeptoren ( u.a. p 58.1, p58.2, p70, NKG2A) und Chemokinrezeptoren ( u.a. CXCR1) an der Lyse / Apoptose von Tumorzellen über HLA-abhängige (MICA) und HLA-unabhängig Moleküle beteiligt. Es ließ sich zeigen, dass MICA genauso im Serum von hämatologischen Patienten wie auch bei soliden Tumorerkrankungen vorkommt, wobei vor allem Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen Stadien und Metastasierung hohe Werte aufwiesen. Es wurde eine Verminderung der Gesamtzahl an Lymphozyten und αβ-T-Lymphozyten bei hämatologischen und bei soliden Tumoren im peripheren Blut festgestellt. Weiterhin zeigte sich, wie bereits in der Literatur berichtet, bei hämatologischen Neoplasien ein signifikant erhöhter Wert an NK-Zellen und CD56-16+NK-Zellen sowie eine verminderte Expression von NKG2D auf NK-Zellen, auf αβ-T-Lymphozyten und auf γδ-T-Lymphozyten. Es ließ sich auch eine verminderte Expression von p58.1 und NKG2A auf γδ-Lymphozyten im Vergleich zur gesunden Kontrollgruppe nachweisen. Ein signifikanter Unterschied im Vergleich zu soliden Tumoren fand sich nicht, bis auf den oben genannten Lymphozytenanteil. Der Nachweis, dass erhöhte lösliche Serum MICA-Werte die Parameter wie KIRs und KARs sowie Chemokinrezetoren oder die Apopotose der Immunzellen bei hämatologischen oder bei soliden Tumorerkrankungen beeinflusst, konnte in dieser Arbeit nicht geführt werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit trägt dazu bei, die Immunabwehr gegenüber soliden und hämatologischen Tumorerkrankungen besser zu verstehen. / Natural killer cells (NK), NKT cells, αβ-T cells and δγ-T cells play an important role in tumor defence. These cells eliminate tumor cells through killer inhibitory receptors (KIR) and stimulatory killer activating receptors (KAR), which can lyse target cells by binding to the major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (MICA) protein. The aim of this study is to analyze the reduction of these immune cells, the association between the levels of soluble MICA with KIR- and KAR-expressing on αβ cells, γδ cells and NK cells and their interaction with chemokine receptor CXCR1in the peripheral blood of patients with haematological and epithelial malignancies. ELISA and flow cytometric analysis were used in comparison to controls. Reduced numbers of αβ-T- cells and the presence of soluble MICA could be demonstrated in the serum of patients with both haematological and epithelial malignancies. Higher levels of soluble MICA were associated with advanced stages of disease and metastasation. Patient samples showed also lower numbers of NK cells and CD56-16+NK cells as well as a reduced expression of NKG2D on NK, αβ and γδ T cells. Confirming existing evidence, there was also a reduced expression of p58.1 and NKG2A on γδ cells in comparison to controls. No significant differences between solid and haematological malignancies were found, except for this type of lymphocytes. The study did not provide evidence that increased levels of soluble MICA influence KIRs and KARs, the chemokine receptors or the apoptosis of immune cells.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:58:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 412507.pdf: 13924046 bytes, checksum: 433987dc1c1898ad93ebbc38ebb8c66f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-18 / O trabalho versa sobre a an?lise experimental das intera??es CO2-rocha-fluido das amostras de reservat?rio (arenito) coletadas do campo de Buracica, Bacia do Rec?ncavo, Brasil. Neste campo, realiza-se inje??o de CO2 desde 1991 para recupera??o avan?ada ou terci?ria de petr?leo. Foram realizados experimentos em autoclaves de a?o sob condi??es do campo e tamb?m supercr?ticas. Modelagem geoqu?mica de equil?brio foi realizada para comparar com os dados obtidos experimentalmente. An?lises no Microsc?pio Eletr?nico de Varredura (MEV) foram realizadas para identificar a dissolu??o e precipita??o de fases minerais a partir das rea??es ocorridas no sistema estudado. An?lises por Espectroscopia de Emiss?o At?mica por Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (ICP AES) foram realizadas na solu??o resultante dos experimentos para identificar os ?ons presentes na solu??o. Os resultados indicaram a integridade mineral?gica do reservat?rio estudado para fins de armazenamento geol?gico de carbono.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:58:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438589.pdf: 4872260 bytes, checksum: 7a7d4afb2e3e9cf2c377c01b09f71361 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-27 / This study evaluated the development of polyimide filter cartridge for use in high temperature particulate filtration of LDPE in the petrochemical industry. An epoxy prepared with DGEBA resin and a new curing agent formulation of polyaminoamide:amine 9:1 was evaluated for gluing pleating non-woven fabric to the cartridge metal borders. The research first step was to characterize LDPE particles (screening and SEM) of polyimide fiber (TGA and FTIR), polyimide non-woven fabric, polyester, and polyacrylonitrile copolymer (SEM) and epoxy (TGA, FTIR and DSC). The study second step was application in non-woven fabric for its dimensional alteration dimensional, permeability and inflammability. Polyamide non-woven fabric mechanical properties was analyzed by tensile strength under several temperatures in relation to time. Multifactor experiments for non-woven fabric filtration were analyzed using ANOVA. The third step was attributed to choosing an ideal formulation between DGEBA resin and curing agent through tensile strength test: regarding its preparation conditions, compared to other curing agents, thermal tests and humidity absorbance. Epoxy impact resistance was analyzed by izod. The last step was dedicated to cartridge filtration tests, laboratorial and industrial, in order to verify the construction set efficacy. Laboratory results obtained with cartridge prototypes show a better filtration performance with polyimide compared to other non-woven fabrics due its rapid onset of filtration cake, smaller load loss and low emission. After twenty-five months of industrial use of the polyimide cartridge filter with epoxy resin, it was observed good filtration conditions under up to 240?C with low particle emission, controlled load loss and power reuse in the industrial process. / Neste estudo avaliou-se o desenvolvimento de filtro cartucho de poliimida para uso em altas temperaturas, para filtra??o de particulados de PEBD em ind?stria petroqu?mica. Foi pesquisado um ep?xi, preparado com resina DGEBA e nova formula??o de agente de cura de poliaminoamida:amina 9:1, para a colagem do n?o tecido plissado nas extremidades met?licas do cartucho. A primeira etapa da pesquisa consistiu na caracteriza??o dos particulados de PEBD (peneiramento e MEV), da fibra de poliimida (TGA e FTIR), dos n?o tecidos de poliimida, do poli?ster e poliacrilonitrila copol?mero (MEV) e do ep?xi (TGA, FTIR e DSC). A segunda parte do estudo foi de desempenho em n?o tecidos, quanto ? altera??o dimensional, permeabilidade e inflamabilidade. Avaliou-se por tra??o as propriedades mec?nicas do n?o tecido de poliimida, submetido a diversas temperaturas em fun??o do tempo. Por meio da ANOVA realizou-se a an?lise dos experimentos multifatoriais de simula??o de filtra??o em n?o tecidos. A terceira parte envolveu a escolha da formula??o ideal entre resina DGEBA e agente de cura, atrav?s de ensaios de tra??o: quanto ?s condi??es de preparo, comparativos com outros agentes de curas, ensaios t?rmicos e absor??o de umidade. A resist?ncia ao impacto do ep?xi foi avaliada por izod. A ?ltima etapa foi dedicada aos testes de filtra??o em cartucho, laboratorial e industrial, para verificar a efic?cia do conjunto da constru??o. Os resultados laboratoriais obtidos com prot?tipos de cartuchos demonstraram a melhor performance de filtra??o com poliimida comparada aos outros n?o tecido, devido a r?pida forma??o da torta de filtra??o, pouca perda de carga e baixa emiss?o. Ap?s vinte e cinco meses de aplica??o industrial do filtro cartucho de poliimida com resina ep?xi, constatou-se boas condi??es de filtra??o at? 240?C, com baixa emiss?o de particulados, perda de carga controlada e reaproveitamento de energia no processo industrial.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:26:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 346968.pdf: 1244657 bytes, checksum: d7a5548e648257637c644b66a5533fb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-23 / O objetivo geral desta disserta??o ? discutir as metodologias que podem identificar as aglomera??es industriais, para, posteriormente, serem aplicadas ao caso brasileiro e determinar os clusters inovadores em n?vel municipal. Tamb?m se prop?e investigar a correla??o entre os clusters inovadores identificados e o ac?mulo espacial do conhecimento, este medido por uma s?rie de indicadores municipais. O desenvolvimento do trabalho implica, primeiramente, a identifica??o dos clusters de m?dia e alta tecnologias no Brasil pela metodologia do ?ndice de Concentra??o. Num segundo momento, selecionam-se diversos indicadores em n?vel municipal, tais como escolaridade, ocupa??o da m?o-de-obra, institui??es e cursos, para representarem a dota??o de conhecimento espacial. Sobre este conjunto de indicadores aplica-se a t?cnica da An?lise de Componentes Principais para verificar sua correla??o com os munic?pios especializados em atividades inovadoras.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:27:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 450535.pdf: 792223 bytes, checksum: 3130b1b89c8c8b0dc77ddaf5d00faeec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-19 / This research aims to study the determinants of poverty and the income dynamics in the metropolitan regions of Brazil from 1995 to 2002 and from 2003 to 2009. It is organized in two essays, using data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). At first, is analyzed the behavior of poverty according to its macrodeterminants, growth and inequality, in the metropolitan regions of Brazil , thereby using the temporal and spatial Shapley decomposition, proposed by Shorrocks (1999). The measurement of poverty was through the family of FGT indices (Foster, Greer and Thorbecke, 1984), using two poverty lines. The results showed small changes in poverty levels in the period 1995-2002, and the inequality component was the main determinant of the observed changes. The following period, 2003-2009, differs from the previous because it presents a declining trend in poverty indicators for all metropolitan areas, the growth component was the main determinant of this trajectory, despite income inequality also declined. As regards the spatial analysis of decomposition of poverty there were changes in the spatial pattern. There were differences in the decreasing levels of poverty between metropolitan areas. In the second essay we investigate the dynamics of income in Brazil in the same periods. Therefore, we use the decomposition of income into permanent and transitory components, proposed by Gottschalk and Moffitt (1994). Given the nature of the database, we built a pseudo panel with cohorts defined from the year of individual birth. The results indicated a transitory component higher in the initial period, accompanied by a drop in income and little change in the index of income inequality. The following period presented a different situation, with the permanent component higher, together with a rise in income and a significant improvement in income distribution. / A presente disserta??o de mestrado estuda os determinantes da pobreza e a din?mica dos rendimentos no Brasil de 1995 a 2002 e 2003 a 2009 atrav?s de dois ensaios, utilizando para tanto informa??es da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domic?lio (PNAD). No primeiro, ? analisado o comportamento da pobreza frente a seus macrodeterminantes, crescimento e desigualdade de renda, nas regi?es metropolitanas do Brasil, para isso foi utilizado a decomposi??o temporal e espacial de Shapley, metodologia esta proposta por Shorrocks (1999). A mensura??o da pobreza foi tratada a partir da fam?lia de ?ndices FGT (Foster, Greer e Thorbecke, 1984), fazendo uso de duas linhas de pobreza. Os resultados mostraram pouca varia??o nos n?veis de pobreza no per?odo de 1995-2002, sendo que neste, a desigualdade foi o principal determinante da mudan?a verificada nos n?veis da pobreza. O per?odo seguinte, 2003-2009, difere do anterior, pois apresenta tend?ncia de queda nos indicadores de pobreza para todas as regi?es metropolitanas, sendo o componente crescimento o principal determinante de tal trajet?ria, n?o obstante a desigualdade de renda tamb?m diminuiu. A respeito da an?lise espacial de decomposi??o da pobreza verificaram-se altera??es no padr?o espacial, com diminui??o das diferen?as dos n?veis pobreza entre as regi?es metropolitanas. No segundo ensaio se investiga a din?mica de rendimentos no Brasil nos mesmos per?odos. Para tanto, utilizou-se da decomposi??o de rendimentos em componentes transit?rio e permanente, proposta por Gottschalk e Moffitt (1994). Dado a natureza da base de dados, foi constru?do um pseudo painel com coortes definidas a partir do ano de nascimento dos indiv?duos. Os resultados apontaram um componente transit?rio mais elevado no per?odo inicial, 1995-2002, acompanhado de queda nos rendimentos e pouca altera??o no ?ndice de desigualdade de renda. J? o per?odo seguinte, 2003 a 2009, apresentou situa??o distinta, com o componente permanente sendo superior, juntamente com uma eleva??o dos rendimentos e melhora expressiva na distribui??o da renda.

Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de (medicina-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-15T11:37:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO_MEDEIROS_PIANT?.pdf: 4074123 bytes, checksum: 97d3d6422fb7d0e0e6563a995eea242c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-28T14:35:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO_MEDEIROS_PIANT?.pdf: 4074123 bytes, checksum: 97d3d6422fb7d0e0e6563a995eea242c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-28T14:39:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO_MEDEIROS_PIANT?.pdf: 4074123 bytes, checksum: 97d3d6422fb7d0e0e6563a995eea242c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide and the main cause of mortality in Brazil. They are responsible for 34% of the deaths in America. The most prevalent cardiovascular disorder are ischemic heart disease, stroke, cardiac insufficiency and arterial systemic hypertension. The risk stratification for patients submitted to cardiac surgery comprehends pre operatory risks, mainly. However, during intraoperative period several factors, including surgical technique, myocardial protection and cardiopulmonary bypass may interfere in post-operative results. Thus, intraoperative monitoring and early intervention may improve cardiac surgery outcomes. The increase of serum biomarkers levels indicates myocardial lesion and even necrosis in subjects submitted to cardiac surgery. The biomarker concentration may be related to an adverse outcome. Blood level measures of lactate can also be used as a marker to assess adequate tissue perfusion; providing the magnitude of anaerobic metabolism and tissue oxygenation deficiency. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are part of a non-coding endogenous class of RNAs that act as potent post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Moreover, miRNAs present characteristics that make them good biomarkers with high levels of sensibility and specificity allowing early detection of pathological states. In addition, they also change in accordance to the disease course and have a long half-life in the sample enabling an easy laboratory detection. This study identified the profile of cardiac biomarkers such as CK-MB, troponin I and lactate in 115 patients submitted to cardiac surgery and its correlation with the outcome. It was analyzed the expression of miRNAs 1, 133a and 499 expression in 24 individuals as well as the correlation between the biochemical and molecular biomarkers. A correlation of miRNA-1 with troponin I (r = 0.4893, P = 0.0025) and lactate (r = 0.5689, P = 0.0002) was found, which pointed to the first evidence that a miRNA is related to the state of hypoperfusion and tissue oxygenation, monitored by serum lactate. These data will allow the potential of these complex nucleotides to be explored in future studies for the diagnosis, monitoring and therapy of the most diverse pathologies and cardiac surgeries. / As doen?as cardiovasculares s?o prevalentes mundialmente e, no Brasil, s?o respons?veis pela principal causa de mortalidade, superando as neoplasias e as doen?as pulmonares. Elas s?o respons?veis por 34% das causas de morte, com dados semelhantes em toda a Am?rica. As doen?as cardiovasculares mais significativas s?o a cardiopatia isqu?mica, o acidente vascular encef?lico, a insufici?ncia card?aca e a hipertens?o arterial sist?mica. A estratifica??o de risco dos pacientes submetidos ? cirurgia card?aca abrange principalmente os fatores de risco pr?-operat?rios. Entretanto, durante o transoperat?rio, v?rios fatores, incluindo a t?cnica cir?rgica, a prote??o mioc?rdica e a pr?pria circula??o extracorp?rea podem modificar o destino do p?s-operat?rio. Portanto, a monitoriza??o transoperat?ria desses fatores e uma interven??o precoce podem melhorar os resultados na cirurgia card?aca. Em pacientes que s?o submetidos ? cirurgia card?aca, a eleva??o de biomarcadores s?ricos indica les?o e at? mesmo necrose mioc?rdica, sendo que a magnitude do aumento da concentra??o do biomarcador provavelmente esteja relacionada com um desfecho desfavor?vel. A medida dos n?veis sangu?neos de lactato tamb?m pode ser usada como um marcador para avaliar a adequada perfus?o tecidual, fornecendo uma indica??o da magnitude do metabolismo anaer?bico e da defici?ncia de oxigena??o tecidual. Os microRNAs (miRNAs) fazem parte de uma classe de RNAs end?genos, n?o codificadores de prote?nas, que atuam como potentes reguladores p?s-transcricionais da express?o g?nica. Al?m disso, os miRNAs apresentam caracter?sticas que os tornam bons biomarcadores, como alto grau de sensibilidade e especificidade, permitindo a detec??o precoce de estados patol?gicos, al?m de se alterarem de acordo o curso da doen?a e t?m uma longa meia-vida na amostra, sendo rapidamente detectados em laborat?rio. O presente estudo identificou o comportamento dos biomarcadores card?acos CK-MB, troponina I e lactato em 115 pacientes submetidos ? cirurgia card?aca e sua correla??o com os desfechos desfavor?veis. Em 24 desses pacientes foi analisada a express?o dos miRNAs 1, 133a e 499 e estabelecida a correla??o entre esses dois grupos de marcadores. Foi identificada correla??o do miRNA-1 com a troponina I (r=0,4893, P=0,0025) e com o lactato (r=0,5689, P=0,0002), que apontou para a primeira evid?ncia de que um miRNA se relaciona com o estado de hipoperfus?o e oxigena??o tecidual, monitorados pelo lactato s?rico. Esses dados permitir?o que se explore, em futuros estudos, o potencial desses complexos nucleot?deos para o diagn?stico, monitoramento e terapia das mais diversas patologias e cirurgias card?acas.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-06-18T13:18:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 470631 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 431429 bytes, checksum: b5055842a739822ab3818d061be0160a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-18T13:18:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 470631 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 431429 bytes, checksum: b5055842a739822ab3818d061be0160a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Several companies wordwide produce kits with 99mTc labelling for diagnosing neuroendocrine tumors. Aiming at producing this kind of product in Brazil, a formulation was proposed, based on the methodology developed by Guggenberg et ul, using HYNIC-TOC, SnCl2, EDDA, tricine, mannitol and ascorbic acid. For labelling the cold kit, metastable radionuclide technetium (99mTc), produced by a 99Mo generator was used. The product was stored at temperatures of 0 to 8?C and at 25?C before labelling. After the product was labelled, it was kept at room temperature for up to 4 hours. The time of exposure was sufficient to observe the shelf life of the product for each storage method. Considering a radiochemical purity (RCP) of 80%, the product remained stable during the eight-month storage at 0 to 8?C before labelling and up to 4 hours after labelling. Therefore, the use of this product is possible in centers of nuclear medicine for a longer period during the day. / No mundo, diversas empresas produzem kits para diagn?stico de tumores neuroend?crinos para marca??o com 99m Tc. Com a inten??o de nacionalizar esse tipo de produto no Brasil, uma formula??o foi proposta e baseada na metodologia desenvolvida por Guggemberg et al, utilizando HYNIC-TOC, SnCL2, EDDA, tricina, manitol e ?cido asc?rbico. Para marca??o do cold kit, foi utilizado o radionucl?deo tecn?cio metaest?vel(99m Tc), produzido por um gerador de 99Mo. O produto foi armazenado em temperaturasde 0 a 8?C e a 25?C antes da marca??o. Ap?s marca??o do produto, esse foi mantido em temperatura ambiente por at? quatro horas. O tempo de exposi??o foi suficiente para observar a vida do produto em cada m?todo de armazenamento. Considerando-se em limite de PRQ (pureza radioqu?mica) de 80%, o produto se mostrou est?vel durante os oito meses, quando armazenado entre 0 a 8?C antes da marca??o, e at? quatro horas p?s-marca??o. Sendo assim, poss?vel a utiliza??o desse produto, em centro de medicina nuclear, por per?odo mais longo durante o dia.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-04-19T18:16:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_RENATA_FIALHO_ROCHA_FREITAS_COMPLETO.pdf: 4806428 bytes, checksum: f71ed86d06bc8b3f5e87e854cbe802c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-19T18:16:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_RENATA_FIALHO_ROCHA_FREITAS_COMPLETO.pdf: 4806428 bytes, checksum: f71ed86d06bc8b3f5e87e854cbe802c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-26 / Hot melt adhesives have the advantage that doesn?t liberate volatile organic compounds as solvent borne adhesives, and the consumption of these adhesives is growing up. The application of these adhesives covers various areas as packages, shoes, furniture and others. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the hot melt adhesion and interaction of different chemical natures (polyamide, polyurethane, EVA, HMPSA basis of rubber and polyolefin) with different substrates (TPU, PVC, TR, synthetic leather and leather). To evaluate the interaction between adhesive-substrate and to characterize adhesives and substrates were used the techniques: rheology, contact angle, FTIR, DRX, roughness analysis, NMR-1H, SEM, AFM, DSC, GPC and DMTA. Through determining the surface energy and the dispersive and polar components of adhesives and substrates by contact angle, it was possible to calculate work of adhesion and compare with the bonding performance. From this, it was observed that polyurethane adhesives showed better bonding performance than other adhesives. Between polyurethanes adhesives has been found that polyurethanes with higher work of cohesion, work of adhesion and dissipate less energy tend to promote better bonding performance, this result is associated with the ratio between soft and hard segments of polyurethanes. / Os adesivos termofund?veis apresentam a vantagem de n?o liberarem compostos org?nicos vol?teis como os adesivos base solvente, por isto o consumo destes adesivos vem aumentando nos ?ltimos anos. A aplica??o destes adesivos abrange diversos tipos de ?reas como embalagens, cal?ados, moveleiro, entre outros. Desta forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a ades?o e a intera??o de adesivos termofund?veis de diferentes naturezas qu?micas (poliamida, poliuretano, EVA, HMPSA a base de borracha e poliolefina) com diferentes substratos (TPU, PVC, TR, laminado sint?tico e couro). Para avaliar a intera??o adesivo-substrato bem como caracterizar adesivos e substratos foram utilizadas as t?cnicas: reologia, an?lise de ?ngulo de contato, FTIR, DRX, analise de rugosidade, RMN-1H, MEV, AFM, DSC, GPC e DMTA. Atrav?s da determina??o da energia superficial e das componentes polares e dispersivas dos adesivos e substratos, foi poss?vel calcular trabalho de ades?o e comparar com o desempenho de colagem. A partir disto, foi poss?vel verificar que os adesivos de poliuretano apresentaram melhor desempenho de colagem que os demais adesivos. Entre os adesivos de poliuretano verificou-se que os poliuretanos que apresentam maior trabalho de coes?o e de ades?o com o substrato e que dissipam menos energia tende a obter melhor desempenho de colagem, este resultado esta associado ? raz?o entre os segmentos flex?veis e r?gidos dos poliuretanos.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-05-10T11:50:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_FERNANDA_GRENDENE_PACHECO_COMPLETO.pdf: 2728715 bytes, checksum: 93bb3d4fcee10a1e8abba33e2e0e8996 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-10T11:50:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_FERNANDA_GRENDENE_PACHECO_COMPLETO.pdf: 2728715 bytes, checksum: 93bb3d4fcee10a1e8abba33e2e0e8996 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania protozoan and transmitted through the female of Lutzomyia sandflies. The disease can manifest itself in different clinical forms: localized cutaneous leishmaniasis, disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis, recidivans and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. The North and Northeast (Brazil) are the most affected area by the disease. Pentavalent antimonials and amphotericin B have been the most used drugs for the treatment of this disease but may cause many side effects, which leads the patients to discontinue treatment. Control or progression of the disease has been related to the immune response triggered by the individual. PNP (purine nucleoside phosphorylase) is the key enzyme in the purine salvage route catalyzing the reversible phosphorolysis of purine nucleosides such as deoxyinosine or deoxyguanosine producing their respective bases and deoxyrribose-1-phosphate. The PNP inhibitors can be used for treating diseases caused by disorder mediated by T cells. Immucillin - DI4G (4th generation Immucillin ; 7-((bis(2-hydroxyiethyl)amine)methyl)-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one) is considered as a potent inhibitor of PNP. Objective: development of pre-formulation and formulation studies of a pharmaceutical form for topical use containing Immucillin-DI4G as drug candidate for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis treatment. Material and Methods: Characterization of the compound was performed by NMR, FTIR-ATR and HRMS. The stability of the amorphous powder was evaluated over 90 days using a HPLC method for quantification. Formulations have been developed for stability, rheological and spreadability studies over 30 and 90 days. A method for the quantification of Immucillin-DI4G in the formulation was developed and validated using the HPLC. Results and discussion: The Immucillin - DI4G (amorphous powder) was stable up to 30 days when stored at 4 ?C and 25 ?C. Formulation 1 (Immucillin - DI4G 1.1% Carboxyvinylpolymer gel 2%) was stable only when stored at 4 ?C for a period of 60 days. Formulation 1 was considered as a non-Newtonian fluid with pseudoplastic behavior and no alterations in viscosity was observed over 90 days. On the other hand, significant changes in spreadability was observed when topical formulation was stored at 45 ?C. The formulation containing additives (formulation 2) showed an improvement in stability when stored at 45 ?C for a period of 30 days, but there was a significant decrease in drug content when stored at 4 ?C and 25 ?C. Formulations 3 (Immucillin-DI4G a 1,1% Gel-Cream) and 4 (Immucillin-DI4G 1.1% in Hydroxypropylcellulose polymer at 2%) presented significant loss in the drug content in 30 days when stored at 45 ?C. The results shows that further studies should be conducted in order to analyze the possible degradation products looking for design of novel formulations. / Introdu??o: A Leishmaniose Cut?nea ? causada por protozo?rios do g?nero Leishmania e transmitidas atrav?s das f?meas dos mosquitos do g?nero Lutzomyia. A Leishmaniose cut?nea pode se manifestar de diferentes formas cl?nicas: cut?nea localizada, cut?nea disseminada, recidiva c?tis e cut?nea difusa. A regi?o Norte e Nordeste s?o as mais acometidas pela doen?a. Os antimoniais pentavalentes e a anfotericina B s?o os medicamentos mais utilizados para o tratamento desta doen?a, por?m podem causar v?rios efeitos adversos fazendo com que muitos pacientes abandonem o tratamento. O controle ou a progress?o da doen?a est?o diretamente relacionados com a resposta imunol?gica desencadeada pelo indiv?duo. A PNP ? a enzima chave na rota de salvamento de purinas, catalisa a fosfor?lise revers?vel de nucleos?deos pur?nicos como deoxinosina e deoxiguanosina formando suas respectivas bases e deoxirribose-1-fosfato. Os inibidores da PNP podem ser utilizados para tratamento de doen?as causadas por desordem mediada pelas c?lulas T, atrav?s da inibi??o segura e seletiva da prolifera??o da c?lula T. O Immucillin-DI4G (Immucillin de 4? gera??o; 7-((bis(2-hidroxietil)amino)metil)-1,5-diidro-4H-pirrolo[3,2-d]pirimidin-4-ona) ? considerado como um potente inibidor da PNP. Objetivo: desenvolver estudos de pr?-formula??o e formula??o de uma forma farmac?utica de uso t?pico contendo o Immucillin-DI4G como candidato a f?rmaco para tratamento da Leishmaniose Cut?nea. Materiais e M?todos: Foi realizada a caracteriza??o do composto atrav?s do RMN, EMS e FTIR-ATR. A estabilidade do p? amorfo foi avaliada durante 90 dias, o doseamento foi realizado atrav?s do CLAE. Formula??es foram desenvolvidas para o estudo de estabilidade, estudos reol?gicos e espalhabilidade durante 30 e 90 dias. Um m?todo para o doseamento do f?rmaco nas formula??es foi desenvolvido e validado empregando o m?todo de CLAE. Resultados e discuss?o: O Immucillin-DI4G (p? amorfo) mostrou-se est?vel at? 30 dias quando armazenado a 4 ?C e 25 ?C. A formula??o 1(Immucillin-DI4G a 1,1% em Gel pol?mero Carboxivin?lico a 2% ) mostrou-se est?vel apenas quando armazenada a 4 ?C por um per?odo de 60 dias; ? considerada como um Flu?do N?o-Newtoniano de comportamento pseudopl?stico, sem altera??es na viscosidade durante 90 dias, por?m com altera??es significativas na espalhabilidade quando armazenada a 45 ?C. A formula??o que continha aditivos (formula??o 2) apresentou uma melhora na estabilidade quando armazenada a 45 ?C num per?odo de 30 dias, por?m apresentou queda significativa no teor do f?rmaco quando armazenada a 4 ?C e 25 ?C. As formula??es 3 (Immucillin-DI4G a 1,1% em Creme-Gel) e 4 (Immucillin-DI4G a 1,1% em Gel Pol?mero Hidroxipropilcelulose a 2%) apresentaram perdas significativas no teor do f?rmaco em 30 dias quando armazenadas a 45 ?C. Os resultados demonstram que novos estudos devem ser realizados para a an?lise de poss?veis produtos de degrada??o, para poss?veis ajustes nas formula??es.