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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Selenolatos metálicos em reações multicomponentes do tipo Michael-aldol: adutos de Morita-Baylis-Hillman e derivados / Metallic selenolates in Michael-aldol multicomponent reactions: Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts and derivatives

Sousa, Bruno Artur de 11 April 2014 (has links)
A reação de Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) consiste em uma poderosa transformação química, podendo levar à formação de importantes blocos de construção em síntese orgânica. No entanto, a reação de MBH apresenta sérias limitações, principalmente no que diz respeito ao tempo reacional, ao uso de aceptores de Michael β-substituídos e à necessidade de eletrófilos secundários extremamente elétron-deficientes. Dentro desta temática, o presente trabalho investiga uma metodologia tricomponente do tipo Michael-aldol mediada por organocalcogenolatos metálicos, dando origem a adutos de MBH β-organocalcogeno funcionalizados como produto. Nestes estudos foram avaliados diferentes organocalcogenolatos metálicos (S, Se e Te), bem como diferentes aceptores de Michael (eletrófilo primário) e aldeídos (eletrófilo secundário) frente à metodologia. Tal estudo tornou possível a obtenção da (±)-Acaterina, um produto natural biologicamente ativo, em uma única etapa reacional, sendo a síntese mais curta e de maior rendimento até então relatada. Além disso, a metodologia tricomponente foi adaptada à adição de um terceiro eletrófilo no meio reacional, tornando possível a obtenção de derivados de adutos de MBH (ésteres, éteres de silício e carbonatos) também de maneira one-pot (reação tetra-componente do tipo Michael-aldol-O-funcionalização/eliminação de selenóxido). Investigando possíveis novas aplicações dos derivados de MBH produzidos, foi estudada a enolização de ésteres derivados de adutos de MBH onde se observou comportamento nucleofílico do LDA bem como de outras bases fortes. Utilizando cálculos computacionais baseados em DFT, uma coordenada de reação foi calculada para um dos sistemas nos quais LDA foi empregado e, o resultado teórico obtido está de acordo com os resultados obtidos experimentalmente. / The Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction consists on a powerfull chemical transformation, leading to important building blocks in organic synthesis. However, the MBH presents some serious drawbacks, specially in respect to reactional time, the use of β- substituted Michael acceptors and the need for highly electron-deficient secondary electrophiles. Within this issue, the present work aims the investigation of a tricomponent Michael-aldol reaction mediated by metallic organochalcogenolates, leading to β-organochalcogen functionalized MBH adducts as products. In these studies the behavior of different metallic organochalcogenolates as well as different Michael acceptors (primary electrophile) and aldehydes (secondary electrophiles) were evaluated towards the methodology. Within this study it was possible to synthesize (±)-Acaterin, a natural bioactive compound, in a single reactional step, consisting in the shortest and higher yielding protocol related so far. Moreover, the tricomponent methodology was adapted to the addition of a third electrophile into the reactional media, allowing the preparation of MBH derivatives (esters, silicon ethers and carbonates) also in an one-pot manner (Michael-aldol-O-functionalization/selenoxide elimination four-component reaction). Investigating possible new applications of the produced MBH derivatives, the enolization of MBH esters was studied and a nucleophilic behavior was observed for LDA and for other strong bases. By means of DFT-based computational calculations, a reaction coordinate was calculated for a LDA-based enolization system and the obtained theoretical results are in agreement with the experimentally obtained results.
2

Selenolatos metálicos em reações multicomponentes do tipo Michael-aldol: adutos de Morita-Baylis-Hillman e derivados / Metallic selenolates in Michael-aldol multicomponent reactions: Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts and derivatives

Bruno Artur de Sousa 11 April 2014 (has links)
A reação de Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) consiste em uma poderosa transformação química, podendo levar à formação de importantes blocos de construção em síntese orgânica. No entanto, a reação de MBH apresenta sérias limitações, principalmente no que diz respeito ao tempo reacional, ao uso de aceptores de Michael β-substituídos e à necessidade de eletrófilos secundários extremamente elétron-deficientes. Dentro desta temática, o presente trabalho investiga uma metodologia tricomponente do tipo Michael-aldol mediada por organocalcogenolatos metálicos, dando origem a adutos de MBH β-organocalcogeno funcionalizados como produto. Nestes estudos foram avaliados diferentes organocalcogenolatos metálicos (S, Se e Te), bem como diferentes aceptores de Michael (eletrófilo primário) e aldeídos (eletrófilo secundário) frente à metodologia. Tal estudo tornou possível a obtenção da (±)-Acaterina, um produto natural biologicamente ativo, em uma única etapa reacional, sendo a síntese mais curta e de maior rendimento até então relatada. Além disso, a metodologia tricomponente foi adaptada à adição de um terceiro eletrófilo no meio reacional, tornando possível a obtenção de derivados de adutos de MBH (ésteres, éteres de silício e carbonatos) também de maneira one-pot (reação tetra-componente do tipo Michael-aldol-O-funcionalização/eliminação de selenóxido). Investigando possíveis novas aplicações dos derivados de MBH produzidos, foi estudada a enolização de ésteres derivados de adutos de MBH onde se observou comportamento nucleofílico do LDA bem como de outras bases fortes. Utilizando cálculos computacionais baseados em DFT, uma coordenada de reação foi calculada para um dos sistemas nos quais LDA foi empregado e, o resultado teórico obtido está de acordo com os resultados obtidos experimentalmente. / The Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction consists on a powerfull chemical transformation, leading to important building blocks in organic synthesis. However, the MBH presents some serious drawbacks, specially in respect to reactional time, the use of β- substituted Michael acceptors and the need for highly electron-deficient secondary electrophiles. Within this issue, the present work aims the investigation of a tricomponent Michael-aldol reaction mediated by metallic organochalcogenolates, leading to β-organochalcogen functionalized MBH adducts as products. In these studies the behavior of different metallic organochalcogenolates as well as different Michael acceptors (primary electrophile) and aldehydes (secondary electrophiles) were evaluated towards the methodology. Within this study it was possible to synthesize (±)-Acaterin, a natural bioactive compound, in a single reactional step, consisting in the shortest and higher yielding protocol related so far. Moreover, the tricomponent methodology was adapted to the addition of a third electrophile into the reactional media, allowing the preparation of MBH derivatives (esters, silicon ethers and carbonates) also in an one-pot manner (Michael-aldol-O-functionalization/selenoxide elimination four-component reaction). Investigating possible new applications of the produced MBH derivatives, the enolization of MBH esters was studied and a nucleophilic behavior was observed for LDA and for other strong bases. By means of DFT-based computational calculations, a reaction coordinate was calculated for a LDA-based enolization system and the obtained theoretical results are in agreement with the experimentally obtained results.
3

Synthèse de Hoodigogénine A, aglycone de glycostéroïdes extraits de Hoodia gordonii : vers la synthèse des 14β-hydroxy androstanes et /ou des 14β-hydroxy prégnanes

Ressault, Blandine 31 January 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Les travaux décrits dans ce mémoire ont pour objet la synthèse d'un glycostéroïde appelé P57 isolé d'une plante succulente du nom de Hoodia gordonii présentant des propriétés anti-appétantes. La première partie de ce travail décrit la synthèse de la hoodigogénine A, aglycone du P57. La synthèse mise au point comprend comme étape clef une réaction de Norrish type I couplée à une réaction de Prins conduisant à l'introduction de la fonction hydroxyle en position 14β au départ de 12-oxo stéroïdes. L'étude réalisée a permis de montrer que la formation des diols 12β-14β ne dépendaient pas de la nature de la jonction des cycles A et B, mais de celle du substituant en position 20. Ainsi, il a été possible de réaliser la première synthèse de la hoodigogénine A en 13 étapes avec un rendement global de 3% au départ de la 3α-12α-diacétoxypregnanone mais également de trois analogues de la hoodigogénine A. La deuxième partie de ces travaux a porté sur la synthèse totale de 14β-hydroxy-androstanes. La méthodologie mise en oeuvre est basée sur une réaction tandem de Michael-aldol initiée par TiCl4 qui permet d'accéder efficacement à un dérivé bicyclique représentant les cycles C et D présents dans les stéroïdes. En généralisant cette réaction tandem, des dérivés de type diquinanes, hydrindanes et décalines ont pu être obtenus. La transformation d'un dérivé hydrindénone adéquatement fonctionnalisé en diène 1,3 suivie d'une réaction de Diels-Alder a permis la synthèse d'un premier dérivé tétracyclique 14β-hydroxylé. Deux autres dérivés tétracycliques ont également pu être préparés, au départ d'une hydrindiénone en combinant une réaction de Michael avec une annélation de type Robinson.
4

Synthèse de Hoodigogénine A, aglycone de glycostéroïdes extraits de Hoodia gordonii : vers la synthèse des 14β-hydroxy androstanes et /ou des 14β-hydroxy prégnanes / Synthesis of Hoodigogenin A, aglycon of glycosteroids extrated from Hoodia gordonii : a new approach towards the total synthesis of 14β-hydroxy-androstans and/or 14β-hydroxy pregnans

Ressault, Blandine 31 January 2012 (has links)
Les travaux décrits dans ce mémoire ont pour objet la synthèse d’un glycostéroïde appelé P57 isolé d'une plante succulente du nom de Hoodia gordonii présentant des propriétés anti-appétantes. La première partie de ce travail décrit la synthèse de la hoodigogénine A, aglycone du P57. La synthèse mise au point comprend comme étape clef une réaction de Norrish type I couplée à une réaction de Prins conduisant à l'introduction de la fonction hydroxyle en position 14β au départ de 12-oxo stéroïdes. L’étude réalisée a permis de montrer que la formation des diols 12β-14β ne dépendaient pas de la nature de la jonction des cycles A et B, mais de celle du substituant en position 20. Ainsi, il a été possible de réaliser la première synthèse de la hoodigogénine A en 13 étapes avec un rendement global de 3% au départ de la 3α-12α-diacétoxypregnanone mais également de trois analogues de la hoodigogénine A. La deuxième partie de ces travaux a porté sur la synthèse totale de 14β-hydroxy-androstanes. La méthodologie mise en oeuvre est basée sur une réaction tandem de Michael-aldol initiée par TiCl4 qui permet d'accéder efficacement à un dérivé bicyclique représentant les cycles C et D présents dans les stéroïdes. En généralisant cette réaction tandem, des dérivés de type diquinanes, hydrindanes et décalines ont pu être obtenus. La transformation d'un dérivé hydrindénone adéquatement fonctionnalisé en diène 1,3 suivie d'une réaction de Diels-Alder a permis la synthèse d'un premier dérivé tétracyclique 14β-hydroxylé. Deux autres dérivés tétracycliques ont également pu être préparés, au départ d’une hydrindiénone en combinant une réaction de Michael avec une annélation de type Robinson. / This thesis is dealing with the synthesis of a glycosteroid named P57 extracted from Hoodia gordonii, a succulent plant known for its appetite suppressant properties. The first part of this work describes the synthesis of the hoodigogenin A, the aglycon of the P57. The key step of this synthesis was a Norrish type I reaction combined with a Prins reaction leading to the introduction of a 14β-hydroxyl function starting from the corresponding 12-keto steroids. The studies showed that the A/B ring junction has no influence on the Norrish type I-Prins reaction but that the substitution pattern at position 20 is important. Thus, the synthesis of the hoodigogenin A was realized for the first time in 13 steps with 3% global yield starting from the 3α-12α-diacetoxypregnanone and this methodology also allowed us to synthesize three analogs of the hoodigogenin A. The second part deals with the total synthesis of 14β-hydroxy-androstanes. In order to access to a bicyclic derivative representing cycles C and D of steroids, we worked on an intramolecular Michael-aldol reaction promoted by TiCl4. The extension of this Michael-aldol reaction afforded very efficiently a large variety of polyfunctionalized 5-5, 5-6 and 6-6 fused ring systems. Then, a Diels-Alder reaction from a 1,3- diene obtained from a hydrindenon derivative led us to a first tetracyclic compound bearing a 14β-hydroxyl function. Finally, two other tetracyclic derivatives had been obtained by a Michael reaction followed by a Robinson reaction.

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