Dans le cadre d’une hospitalisation, l’escarre est un souci majeur aussi bien pour le confort des patients que d’un point de vue économique. Le vieillissement de la population confronte de plus en plus le personnel soignant à la prévention et au traitement des escarres. La prophylaxie n’en est donc que plus essentielle dans les milieux hospitaliers. Force est de constater qu’il existe en la matière peu de produits spécialisés dont l’efficacité a été éprouvée. En partenariat avec le laboratoire RIVADIS, nous avons donc voulu élaborer un système galénique contenant une association d’actifs naturels innovants afin de prévenir l’escarre. Un état de l’art complet a été effectué sur la thématique des escarres afin d’en comprendre tous les facteurs de risques. Par la suite, une recherche approfondie a permis de sélectionner les plantes et molécules pouvant être utilisées comme actifs dans la prévention et/ou le traitement de cette pathologie. Notre attention s’est particulièrement attardée sur le pouvoir anti-inflammatoire, cicatrisant, antioxydant et anti-adhésion bactérienne de ces actifs. Les deux meilleurs actifs obtenus sont la pectine de pomme et l’extrait sec de Centella asiatica L., dont les résultats se sont avérés significatifs sur au moins trois propriétés recherchées. L’étude des effets combinés de ses deux actifs a même montré une synergie sur le pouvoir anti-adhésion bactérienne. Ils ont alors été incorporés sous forme galénique, de façon à rendre possible la réalisation d’un effleurage aussi facile que celui permis par les huiles déjà présentes sur le marché tout en autorisant l’incorporation d’actifs hydrophiles. / In the case of a hospitalization, bedsores are a major issue regarding the comfort of the patient as well as economical reasons. Due to the aging population, the nurses are more and more confronted to prevention and treatment of bedsores. Thus, prevention is now considered as essential in hospitals. It must be noted that in matter of bedsores, there exist only a few specialized products which efficiency has been proved. Therefore, in association with RIVADIS Laboratory, we planed to work on a galenic formulation which contains a combination of innovative natural active. A complete compilation of specialized publications on this topic has been realized in order to fully understand all the risk factors. Then, thanks to an extensive research, we identified the plants and molecules that could be used as actives for the prevention and/or treatment of this pathology. We focused on their anti-inflammatory, healing, antioxidant and bacterial anti-adhesive properties. The two best actives thus obtained are apple pectin and dry Centella asiatica L. extract, they present significant results on at least three of the four wanted properties. Studying the combined effects of these two actives even showed a synergy on bacterial anti-adhesive property. They have then been incorporated in a galenic formulation that makes the massage as easy as the one allowed by already commercialised oils and enables the incorporation of hydrophilic actives.

Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-07T12:48:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4672568 bytes, checksum: 30655ee26e612b43221335d08bddc500 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T12:48:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4672568 bytes, checksum: 30655ee26e612b43221335d08bddc500 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Magnesium stannate (Mg2SnO4) and titanate (Mg2TiO4) are inverse spinel-type oxides, applied as humidity sensors, hot resistor, dieletric, temperature compensation capacitor, electronic ceramic and refractory material. In the present work, these two materials were combined in order to obtain a solid solution, Mg2(Ti1-xSnx)O4, (x = 0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,0) by the modified-Pechini method, in order to investigate the influence of Sn4+ substitution for Ti4+ in the spinel lattice for application as photocatalyst for discoloration of Gold yellow remazol and to avoid micro-organism adhesion into surfaces. The synthesis of the spinels was optimized. Catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-visibe spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, surface area measurement using BET method. Mg2TiO4 is a metastable compound, which decomposes into ilmenite (MgTiO3) above 800 °C. On the other hand, reaches long-range order at lower temperatures, while single phase Mg2SnO4 is only obtained from 900 °C. For these reasons, different temperatures are necessary to obtain the single phase materials. Infrared and Raman spectra confirmed the presence of [MgO6]-10, [TiO6]-8, [SnO6]-8 octahedra and (MgO4)-6 tetrahedra. The photocatalytic tests were carried out in a reactor comprising of UVC lamp (λ = 254 nm). Mg2SnO4 presented the best photocatalytic result, with 79% of discoloration at pH 6 and 87% at pH 3, while Mg2TiO4 showed 7% of conversion at pH 6, without increasing efficiency at pH 3. The obtained spinels were effective in inhibiting bacterial and fungal growth as indicated by fluorescence analysis for Gram positive bacteria (S. aureus and S. mutans), Gram negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) and fungus (Candida albicans) showing the potential for microbial anti-adhesion material. Tests with higher titanium content showed the best results except for E. coli. / O estanato (Mg2SnO4) e o titanato de magnésio (Mg2TiO4) são óxidos do tipo espinélio inverso, aplicados como sensores de umidade, resistor de calor, dielétrico, capacitor para compensação de temperatura, cerâmica eletrônica e material refratário. Nesse trabalho, os dois materiais foram combinados com a finalidade de obter uma solução sólida, Mg2(Ti1-xSnx)O4, (x = 0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,0), utilizando o método Pechini modificado, de modo a investigar a influência da substituição dos íons Sn4+ por íons Ti4+ na rede do espinélio para aplicação como catalisadores na descoloração do corante remazol amarelo ouro e na antiadesão microbiana. A síntese dos espinélios foi otimizada. Os catalisadores foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de difração de raios-X, espectroscopia na região do ultravioleta e do visível, e espectroscopia Raman, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho e medida de área superficial por BET. O Mg2TiO4 é um composto metaestável, se decompondo em ilmenita (MgTiO3) acima de 800 °C. Por outro lado, o Mg2TiO4 se organiza a longo alcance em temperaturas mais baixas enquanto que o Mg2SnO4 monofásico é obtido apenas a partir de 900°C. Com isso, observa-se que diferentes temperaturas são necessárias para se obter os materiais monofásicos. Os espectros de IV e Raman confirmaram a presença dos octaedros [MgO6]-10, [TiO6]-8, [SnO6]-8 e tetraedro (MgO4)-6. Os testes fotocatalíticos foram realizados em um reator composto por lâmpadas UVC (λ = 254 nm). O Mg2SnO4 apresentou o melhor resultado, com descoloração de 79 % em pH 6 e 87 % em pH 3, enquanto o Mg2TiO4 apresentou conversão de 7 % em pH 6, sem aumento de eficiência em pH 3. Os espinélios obtidos mostraram-se eficazes na inibição do crescimento bacteriano e fúngico como indicado pela análise de fluorescência para bactérias Gram positivas (S. aureus e S. mutans), Gram negativas (P. aeruginosa e E. coli) e para o fungo (Candida albicans) mostrando o potencial de antiadesão microbiana dos materiais. Os testes com maior teor de titânio apresentaram os melhores resultados exceto para a E. coli.