Akademisk avhandling--Karolinska institutet, Stockholm. / Extra t.p., with thesis statement, inserted. Bibliography: p. 17-18.

Akademisk avhandling--Karolinska institutet, Stockholm. / Extra t.p., with thesis statement, inserted. Bibliography: p. 17-18.

Akademisk avhandling--Karolinska institutet, Stockholm. / At head of title: From the Dept. of Dental Histopathology ... and the Dept. of Medical Physics ... Karolinska institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-137).

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht.

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1964 D77 / Master of Science

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a genetically determined enamel defect characterized by genetic and clinical heterogeneity . The prevalence and incidence of AI were established in the county of Västerbotten, northern Sweden, in 3-19-yr-olds born 1963-79, as were the mode of inheritance and clinical manifestation of AI. The distribution of the inorganic component in the enamel of AI teeth was studied as well as the surface morphology and other morphological details, and the findings were correlated to genetic and clinical data. AI was diagnosed in 79 children and adolescents (index cases). The prevalence in the study population was 1.4: 1 000. The mean yearly incidence 1963-79 was 1.3:1 000. The inheritance patterns for AI were established in 78 index cases from 51 families. Pedigree and segregation analyses suggested autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance in 3 3 families, autosomal recessive (AR) in six families, and X- linked recessive in two families; in ten families only sporadic cases were found. In one of the families with an AD inheritance pattern, X-linked dominant was a possible alternative. Examination of the families of the 78 index cases revealed 107 new cases of AI. The hypoplastic form was seen in 72% of all diagnosed cases and the hypomineralization form in 28% of the cases. A further classification of the clinical manifestations led to the identification of eight clinical variants. In 3 3 of the 51 families the same clinical variant was found in all affected members. In eight families affected members were assigned to different clinical variants. In three families with an X-linked inheritance pattern for AI, the clinical manifestation differed between women and men due to lyo- nization. Among the remaining five families, with an AD inheritance pattern for AI, variants clinically characterized by hypoplasia as well as variants characterized by hypomineralization were found in three families; in the other two families the clinical manifestation varied within the same main form of AI, i.e. hypoplasia or hypomineralization. Hypoplasia as well as hypomineralization were observed microradiographically in the enamel of most of the examined teeth. These findings were supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both clinically and microradiographically as well as by SEM, similar variants of AI were found as AD and AR traits and/or among the sporadic cases. In the families with AI as an X-linked trait the genetic hypothesis was confirmed by the clinical, microradiographic and scanning electron microscopic findings. / <p>S. 1-46: sammanfattning, s. 47-134: 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

Orientadores: Livia Maria Andalo Tenuta, Jaime Aparecido Cury / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T10:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Catani_DaniloBonadia_D.pdf: 3182260 bytes, checksum: 1cbcbeff9370ac4ee3fd869799aca3fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O efeito do fluoreto (F) no desenvolvimento de fluorose dental em animais expostos a doses crônicas constantes é bem conhecido, mas não há informações sobre o efeito de doses crônicas oscilantes, o que foi estudado neste trabalho. Além disso, não há estudos comparando diferentes métodos de quantificação de defeito de esmalte induzido pelo F, o que também foi avaliado. O estudo foi composto por três trabalhos. Foram utilizadas ratas fêmeas da linhagem Wistar com idade de 35 dias, as quais receberam água e ração ad libitum durante um período suficiente para permitir o completo crescimento dos incisivos (70 a 78 dias). Após, os animais foram anestesiados, o sangue foi coletado e os incisivos, mandíbulas e fêmures, removidos após a morte por hemorragia. A concentração de F no plasma, nos incisivos e nos ossos foi determinada usando um eletrodo íon específico. No primeiro estudo, 20 ratas foram divididas casualmente em 5 grupos: quatro grupos receberam água com concentrações constantes de F (0; 12,5; 25 ou 37,5 µg F/mL) e o outro grupo recebeu água contendo 12,5 e 37,5 µg F/mL, alternados a cada 72 h (média de exposição igual a 25 µg F/mL). Não foi observada diferença nas variáveis metabólicas e na gravidade de fluorose dental entre o grupo que recebeu doses oscilantes e o grupo que recebeu dose correspondente à média das oscilações (p > 0,05). No segundo estudo, foram utilizadas 58 ratas, as quais foram divididas casualmente em grupos expostos a diferentes concentrações de F na água (0 a 75 µg F/mL) constantes ou alternantes (12,5 e 75 µg F/mL) por períodos assimétricos (2 ou 8 dias). A exposição a doses oscilantes de F resultou em concentrações de F no sangue e ossos e fluorose dental semelhantes às observadas nos animais expostos à média das oscilações em função do tempo utilizado. No terceiro estudo, foram utilizadas 35 ratas, divididas casualmente em 7 grupos de 5 animais cada, que receberam água em concentrações crescentes de F: 0; 12,5; 25; 50; 62,5; 75 ou 100 µg F/mL. Os incisivos foram utilizados para avaliar 5 métodos de quantificação de fluorose: radiomicrografia, microdureza, microscopia de luz polarizada, análise de fluorescência e análise da imagem da superfície do esmalte segundo o padrão de bandas claras e escuras presentes na superfície do esmalte fluorótico de ratos. Radiomicrografia, microdureza e microscopia de luz polarizada só foram capazes de detectar fluorose sob altas concentrações de F (= 50 µg/mL) e a análise de fluorescência não permitiu diferenciação entre os grupos. A análise da imagem da superfície do esmalte foi satisfatória para quantificar fluorose, mesmo nas menores concentrações de F utilizadas nesse estudo, e foi utilizada para quantificar fluorose nos estudo subsequentes. Os resultados dos estudos sugerem que o efeito biológico da exposição crônica a doses oscilantes de F reflete a média do efeito das doses oscilantes de acordo com o tempo de exposição. A análise da imagem da superfície do esmalte se mostrou um método adequado para quantificar fluorose em incisivos de ratos. / Abstract: The effect of fluoride (F) on the development of dental fluorosis in animals chronically exposed to constant F doses is well known, but there is no information about the effect of chronic oscillating doses, and this was evaluated in the present study. Moreover, there are no studies comparing different methods of quantification of enamel defects induced by F, which was also evaluated. The study comprised of three experiments. Wistar female rats, aged 35 days, received water and food ad libitum during enough time to allow the full growth of the incisors (70 to 78 days). After, the animals were anesthetized, blood was collected and femurs, mandible bones and incisors were removed after their death by bleeding. F concentration in the blood plasma, bones and teeth was determined using ion-specific electrode. In the first study, 20 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: four groups received water with constant F concentration at 0, 12.5, 25 or 37.5 µg F/mL and the other group received water containing 12.5 and 37.5 µg F/mL, which were alternated at each 72 h (mean exposure equals to 25 µg F/mL). No difference in metabolic variables and in severity of dental fluorosis between the group which received oscillating doses and the group receiving 25 µg F/mL was observed (p > 0.05). In the second study, 58 rats were randomly divided into groups which were chronically exposed to different F concentration in the water (0 to 75 µg F/mL), constant or oscillating (12.5 and 75 µg F/mL) for different periods of length (2 or 8 days). Exposure to oscillating F doses resulted in F concentrations in blood plasma and bones and enamel fluorosis similar to those observed in groups receiving F concentrations equal to the means of the oscillating range, according to the period length. In the third study, 35 rats were randomly divided into 7 groups of 5 animals, which received water at increasing F concentrations: 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 62.5, 75 or 100 µg F/mL. Incisors were used to assess fluorosis using five quantification methods: transverse microradiography, cross-sectional microhardness, polarized bright microscopy, quantitative light-induced fluorescence and image analysis of the enamel surface based on the pattern of white and dark bands present on rat fluorotic enamel. Transverse microradiography, cross sectional microhardness and bright field microscopy were only able to detect the fluorotic defect in the rat incisor when high F concentrations (= 50 µg F/mL) were used and quantitative ightinduced fluorescence analysis did not allow the differentiation among the groups. The image analysis method of the enamel surface was satisfactory to quantify dental fluorosis, even at low F concentrations, and was used to evaluate fluorosis in the subsequent studies. The present study suggests that the biological effect of F when an animal is exposed chronically to oscillating F doses may reflect the effect of the mean of the oscillating doses, according to exposure length. The image analysis of the enamel surface was a suitable method to quantify enamel fluorosis in rat incisors. / Doutorado / Saude Coletiva / Doutor em Odontologia

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:56:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2455029 bytes, checksum: 0889fcfcf64d79338e5014d0a4360899 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The main effect of the microabrasion in the enamel is significant erosion. However, there is a gap in the literature about validated and reproducible assessment of the depth of erosion in the enamel surface which is originally curve. AIMS: Evaluate depth of erosion and mineral loss of enamel produced by microabrasion technique in original coronary surface of human teeth. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 40 extracted human molars were randomly spited in four groups, with 10 specimens each, in accordance with the microabrasive treatment: AC- 18% hydrochloric acid and pumice, AF 37% phosphoric acid and pumice, OP Opalustre and WRM Whiteness RM. Each specimens had buccal surface´s laterals isolated so that the central area received the microabrasion treatment. After this procedure, transverse slices not demineralized were prepared and submitted to microradiography and analysis in Polarized Light Microscope. One own terminology had created for the morphology of the interface enamel normal-microabrasioned. This served as base to introduction of a profilometry technique with analysis of digital images, in order to get the depth of erosion on microabrasion´s area. The Intraclass Correlation Test was applied to test technique´s reproducibility. The mineral loss and the depth which it happened had analyzed by transverses plotted at equidistant points of the limit enamel normal-microabrasioned. The dates were analyzed with ANOVA test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The profilometry technique achieved a good reproducibility (Intraclass Correlation Test of 0,9998) and was validated internally. The AC group was the most aggressive, with a greater depth of erosion (110,51 ± 41,21 &#956;m), and a greater mineral loss (13 ± 3 peso %), with significant difference between WRM group (p < 0,05; 9,41± 4,4 peso %) and OP group (p < 0,05; 9,0 ± 3,8 peso %). The OP group, on the other hand, was the less aggressive, with the lowest values in all parameters analyzed, presenting depth of erosion less than AC group (p < 0,0001), WRM group (p < 0,001; 86,24 ± 27,99 &#956;m) and AF group (p < 0,05; 74,46 ± 42,06 &#956;m). The others two groups achieved intermediate results for depth of erosion and mineral loss. The depth of mineral loss was greater than on AF group (31,38 ± 20,30 &#956;m), however, there wasn´t statistical difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Based on own terminology for the interface enamel normalmicroabrasioned and on the implementation of new technique of profilometry, the agents tested showed a significant difference in the depth of erosion, which was consistent with the mineral loss. However, there wasn´t difference in the depth of mineral loss. Furthermore the new technique of profilometry is proposed to fill a gap in the literature, allowing the determination of physical depth of erosion in areas naturally curves of hard biological tissues. / O principal efeito da microabrasão no esmalte dental é uma erosão significativa. Porém, existe uma lacuna na literatura no que concerne à avaliação validada e reprodutível da profundidade de desgaste na superfície dental natural. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a profundidade de desgaste e a perda mineral do esmalte dentário resultante da técnica de microabrasão na superfície coronária original de dentes humanos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: 40 terceiros molares humanos extraídos foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos, de 10 espécimes cada, de acordo com o material microabrasivo utilizado: AC - ácido clorídrico a 18% e pedra-pomes, AF - ácido fosfórico a 37% e pedra-pomes, OP - Opalustre® e WRM - Whiteness RM®. Cada elemento teve as laterais da face vestibular protegidas para que apenas a área central fosse exposta aos agentes microabrasivos. Após o procedimento de microabrasão, cortes transversais não desmineralizados foram preparados e submetidos à radiomicrografia e análise em Microscopia de Luz Polarizada. Uma terminologia própria foi formulada para a morfologia da interface esmalte normalmicroabrasionado. Esta serviu de base à introdução de uma Técnica de Perfilometria com Análise de Imagens Digitais, com o intuito de obter a profundidade de desgaste ao longo da área microabrasionada. O teste de correlação intraclasse foi aplicado para testar a reprodutibilidade da técnica. A quantidade da perda mineral e a profundidade em que esta ocorreu foram analisadas em transversais traçadas em pontos eqüidistantes do limite esmalte normal-microabrasionado. Os dados obtidos foram analisados com o teste ANOVA (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: A Técnica de Perfilometria obteve uma boa reprodutibilidade (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse de 0,9998) e foi validada internamente. O grupo AC foi o mais agressivo, apresentando a maior profundidade de desgaste (110,51 ± 41,21 &#956;m), e a maior perda mineral (13 ± 3 peso %), com diferenças significantes em relação aos grupos WRM (p < 0,05; 9,41± 4,4 peso %) e OP (p < 0,05; 9,0 ± 3,8 peso %). O grupo OP, por outro lado, foi o menos agressivo com os menores valores para todos os parâmetros analisados, apresentando uma profundidade de desgaste menor em relação aos grupos AC (p < 0,0001), WRM (p < 0,001; 86,24 ± 27,99 &#956;m) e AF (p < 0,05; 74,46 ± 42,06 &#956;m). Os outros dois grupos apresentaram resultados intermediários para profundidade de desgaste e quantidade de perda mineral. Não houve diferença quanto à profundidade de perda mineral CONCLUSÃO: Com base em uma terminologia própria para a interface esmalte normal-microabrasionado e na aplicação de uma nova Técnica de Perfilometria, os agentes testados mostraram uma significativa diferença quanto à profundidade de desgaste, que foi condizente com a perda mineral. A nova Técnica de Perfilometria propõe o preenchimento de uma lacuna na literatura, permitindo a determinação física de profundidade de desgaste em superfícies naturalmente curvas de tecidos biológicos duros.