Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 122 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-122). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-129).

Orientador: Anete Pereira de Souza / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T12:23:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Laborda_PriandaRios_D.pdf: 3045492 bytes, checksum: d1a998a5b1c4300247471d90da1ee8da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Drosophila mediopunctata, mosca não cosmopolita de distribuição neotropical e pertencente ao grupo tripunctata do subgênero Drosophila, é uma espécie utilizada por alguns grupos no Brasil como modelo em estudos com enfoque evolutivo. Abordagens que exploram a biologia da espécie, tais como a detecção de variação genética natural e a influência de inversões cromossômicas na dinâmica populacional são costumeiramente usadas. Todavia, essa espécie não possui disponíveis marcadores moleculares que facilitem a investigação das bases genéticas que norteiam os eventos explorados até agora. Os microssatélites são marcadores moleculares consagrados e a ferramenta de escolha no estudo de diversos organismos pela simplicidade de uso e de análise. Entretanto, para espécies que ainda não têm grande parte de seu genoma seqüenciado, a obtenção de marcadores desse tipo passa pela necessidade de desenvolvimento via bibliotecas genômicas. Esse trabalho objetivou desenvolver, caracterizar e mapear microssatélites em D. mediopunctata para que estudos de variação morfológica, de identificação de regiões genômicas associadas a fenótipos de interesse, de genética de populações entre outros possam ser realizados com o respaldo de dados moleculares. Uma biblioteca enriquecida em motivos repetitivos foi construída e, após o seqüenciamento de aproximadamente 2000 clones, 600 microssatélites foram identificados e 134 locos desenvolvidos. Os marcadores mostraram tamanho reduzido com relação ao número de repetições e preponderância de motivos AC/GT. A aplicação dos microssatélites de D. mediopunctata para amplificações heterólogas em outras trinta espécies foi feita com aproximadamente 50% de sucesso. Em adição, o uso de dados de presença/ausência nas espécies do grupo tripunctata recuperou algumas relações filogenéticas previamente conhecidas. Um mapa de ligação foi construído com 49 marcadores e revelou 450 cM de extensão. Os cinco principais cromossomos da espécie foram identificados por meio de comparações com o genoma de D. melanogaster e com os elementos de Müller. Essas comparações também confirmaram a grande sintenia prevista dentro do gênero Drosophila. Não houve concordância na ordem dos locos microssatélites nas duas espécies. No cromossomo II de D. mediopunctata foi mapeada uma região associada à característica "número de pintas abdominais" / Abstract: Drosophila mediopunctata, a non-cosmopolitan fly of Neotropical distribution that belongs to the tripunctata group of the Drosophila subgenus, was chosen by some Brazilian researchers as a model in evolutionary studies. Several approaches, such as the analysis of natural variation and the influence of chromosome inversions in population dynamics, are traditionally used. Nevertheless, molecular markers, which would enhance the investigation of the genetic bases of the already known phenomena, are still not available for the species. Microsatellites are celebrated molecular markers and the chosen tool for the exploration of various organisms due to their ease of use. Nonetheless, their application in species whose genomes have not yet been sequenced requires a prior development phase. This study intended to develop, characterize and map microsatellites for the species D. mediopunctata so that initiatives concerning morphological variation, identification of genomic regions linked to interesting phenotypes, population genetics, etc can be carried out in the light of molecular data. A repetitive DNA-enriched library was constructed and approximately 2000 clones were sequenced. Six hundred microsatellites were identified and 134 loci were developed. The loci are small in length, with reduced number of motif repetitions, and are mainly composed of AC/GT dinucleotides. The use of D. mediopunctata microsatellites for heterologous amplification in other thirty Drosophila species was done with a 50% success ratio. In addition, a clustering analysis carried out with binary data obtained from the tripunctata species recovered already known phylogenetic relationships. A linkage map was constructed with recombination data of 49 markers and is 450 cM in length. The five major species chromosomes were identified on the basis of comparisons with the D. melanogaster genome and the Müller elements. This strategy also confirmed the great synteny predicted for the genus Drosophila. It was not observed agreement in loci order between both species. A genomic region associated to the number of abdominal spots was mapped to the chromosome II of D. mediopunctata / Doutorado / Genetica Animal e Evolução / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2010. / Title from title page screen (viewed on July 13, 2010). Thesis advisor: Robert N. Trigiano. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MMedSc)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2006.

Orientador: Diogo Teruo Hashimoto / Banca: Fabio Porto Foresti / Banca: Rafael Vilhena Reis Neto / Resumo: O Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), natural das bacias do rio Amazonas e do rio Orinoco, possui características favoráveis ao sistema de cultivo e boa aceitação de mercado. Contudo, há poucos estudos genéticos realizados com esta espécie, especialmente de melhoramento genético. Para a construção de um mapa genético desta espécie, é necessário o desenvolvimento de um elevado número de marcadores moleculares. Desta forma, este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar microssatélites gene-associados e neutros (não gênicos), obtidos por Next Generation Sequencing (RNA-seq e Whole Genome Shotgun - WGS, respectivamente), para serem disponibilizados em estudos de associação com QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) e construção de um mapa genético. De modo geral, a avaliação de 200 marcadores (100 de cada conjunto) resultou em 45 loci polimórficos. Do conjunto de marcadores RNA-seq, as heterozigosidades observada e esperada (HO e HE) variaram de 0,09 a 0,73, e 0,09 a 0,85, respectivamente. Do conjunto WGS, HO e HE variaram de 0,33 a 0,95, e 0,28 a 0,92, respectivamente. Posteriormente, alguns microssatélites foram testados em três famílias de C. macropomum para buscar associações com características de resistência à bactéria e crescimento. Para o estudo de resistência, três famílias (n = 120), foram submetidas ao desafio bacteriano com Aeromonas hydrophila. Os dados do desafio apresentaram diferenças significativas nos tempos de morte e taxa de mortalidade entre as famílias. O crescimento foi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), is a fish species of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, with favorable traits to the production system and market acceptance. However, there are few genetic studies with this species, especially genetic improvement. For the construction of a genetic map of this species, the development of a high number of molecular markers is necessary. Thus, this study aimed to characterize gene-associated and neutral (non-gene) microsatellites obtained by Next Generation Sequencing (RNA-seq and Whole Genome Shotgun - WGS, respectively), to be available in association studies with Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and construction of a genetic map. Overall, the evaluation of 200 markers (100 of each set) resulted in 45 polymorphic loci. In the RNA-seq data, the observed and expected heterozygosity (Ho and He) ranged from 0.09 to 0.73, and 0.09 to 0.85, respectively. In the WGS data, Ho and He ranged from 0.33 to 0.95, and 0.28 to 0.92, respectively. Subsequently, some microsatellites were tested in three families of C. macropomum to seek associations with bacterial resistance and growth characteristics. For the resistance study, three families (n = 120) were submitted to the bacterial challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. The challenge data presented significant differences in time of death and mortality rate among the families. Growth was evaluated by morphometric measures and weight, and all the characteristics were significantly correlated (p < 0.01). Microsatelli... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Wu, Feng. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-44). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Title Page --- p.i / Thesis Committee --- p.ii / Acknowledgment --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.vii / List of Abbreviations and Symbols --- p.xi / Abstract (English version) --- p.xii / Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.xiii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Significance of DNA CCTG repeats --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives of this work --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- DNA structure --- p.3 / Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Sample design --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sample preparation --- p.5 / Chapter 2.3 --- NMR spectroscopy --- p.6 / Chapter 2.4 --- Resonance assignment --- p.7 / Chapter 3 --- NMR Structural Studies of (CCTG)3 --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1 --- Overview --- p.9 / Chapter 3.2 --- NMR resonance assignments --- p.9 / Chapter 3.3 --- Formation of two-residue CT-loop in the middle repeat of (CCTG)3 --- p.12 / Chapter 3.4 --- C-bulge and T.T mispair in (CCTG)3 hairpin stem region --- p.13 / Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.15 / Chapter 4 --- NMR Structural Studies of (CCTG)4 --- p.16 / Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.16 / Chapter 4.2 --- Conformational exchange in (CCTG)4 --- p.16 / Chapter 4.3 --- Formation of two-residue CT-loops in different repeats of (CCTG)4 --- p.17 / Chapter 4.4 --- Mutational studies of (CCTG)4 --- p.19 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Mutational studies on the 1st repeat of (CCTG)4: (CCTG)4-C2T --- p.19 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Mutational studies on the 2nd repeat of (CCTG)4：(CCTG)4-C6T --- p.21 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Mutational studies on the 3rd repeat of (CCTG)4：(CCTG)4-C 10T --- p.26 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Mutational studies on the 4th repeat of (CCTG)4: (CCTG)4-C14T --- p.28 / Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.33 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusions and Future Works --- p.35 / References --- p.38

Almond (Prunus dulcis) is the most important nut crop in terms of world production. Due to its health benefit and high nutritional value the consumption and world supply of almond is increasing. To remain competitive in the world market, the Australian almond breeding program was established to produce cultivars with better adaptation to Australian conditions. As part of this program an almond mapping population consisting of 93 F₁ progeny derived from a cross between the American cultivar ‘Nonpareil’ (NP) and the European self-compatible cultivar ‘Lauranne’ (LA) was produced to construct the genetic linkage maps. The first almond linkage map developed prior to the commencement of this project failed to produce the eight linkage groups similar to the basic chromosome number of almond (x = 8) and many large gaps were also observed on the linkage groups. Therefore, more markers were needed to saturate the maps. Microsatellite markers are considered one of the best choices for mapping studies. 195 microsatellite markers isolated from Prunus species were obtained from published papers or by personal communication. Polymorphism was revealed by three different methods, and in general, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) compared to the fluorescent labelled marker detection using an automated DNA sequencer or agarose gel electrophoresis, showed the most efficient and cost effective method of genotyping. A subset of 54 markers which produced reliable and easily interpretable polymorphic bands was selected to screen the whole mapping population. Microsatellites originally isolated from almond species showed the highest rate of amplification and polymorphism followed by peach microsatellites and the least informative markers were isolated from cherry. It seems that the level of transportability and usefulness of microsatellite markers is related to the genetic distance of the closely related species. Almond and peach belong to the same subgenus (Amygdalus) and other Prunus species are classified in Prunophora subgenus. The nut, or kernel, is the commercial part of the almond tree, thus to improve the quality of fruit an understanding of environmental influence, heritability and correlation of traits is required. Pomological and quality characters such as: shell hardness, kernel size, shape, taste, pubescence, colour, and percentage of doubles were measured during three consecutive years (2005-2007) on the total mapping population, but data analysis (ANOVA) was performed only on trees that survived for all three years. Most of the traits showed high broad-sense heritability and kernel shape showed the highest heritability of H² = 0.92 suggesting high genetic control of this trait. Occasionally larger kernels than either parent were found in the progeny indicating potential for improvement of this trait even with smaller kernel size parent that encompass many desirable characters. High correlation was also found between the in-shell and kernel weight (r = 0.74), kernel length / kernel width (r = 0.67), kernel weight to kernel length (r = 0.78) and kernel width (r = 0.80). This correlation estimation pointed out in this study indicates that the improvement of one character may result the progress in another trait. Neither of the parents in the mapping population had bitter or obvious slightly bitter taste but slightly bitter kernels were observed among the progeny. Amygdalin was assumed to be responsible for bitter taste in almond; therefore we measured the amount of amygdalin in sweet and slightly bitter kernel progeny by HPLC. However, the results showed that amygdalin exists in sweet kernels as well. Although the average amount of amygdalin in slightly bitter kernels (20.34 mg kg⁻¹ FW) was higher than sweet kernels (3.67 mg kg⁻¹ FW), some sweet kernels had higher amounts of amygdalin suggesting the impact of other components on slightly bitter kernel. The highest variability within the traits was observed in the percentage of double kernel, which showed the highest standard error. Strong environmental effects, particularly low temperature at pre-blossom time is speculated to produce much higher double kernels. Three genetic linkage maps, one for each parent and an integrated map were constructed by the addition of 54 new microsatellite markers to the previous dataset. All the data was scored and coded according to the coding system necessary by JoinMap3 which was used for map construction. 131 markers including microsatellite, ISSR, RAPD, SCAR and S-allele markers were placed on the integrated map covering 590.7 cM with the average density of 4.5 cM/marker. The minimum number of six microsatellite markers was placed on linkage group 8 and the linkage group 1 which is the longest linkage group has 14 microsatellite markers. Comparative mapping study with other Prunus maps, especially with the highly saturated reference map showed complete synteny and minor changes in the order of four markers on linkage groups compared with Prunus reference map. The conservation of molecular marker order observed in this study supports the idea of looking at Prunus genome as a single genetic system and practical application of this similarity would be in cross-transportability of microsatellite markers from well developed linkage maps to the less studied species in Prunus. Ten microsatellite loci placed on our map have not been reported before and could be used to improve the density of other Prunus maps, especially the reference map. This study contributed to the better understanding of the mode of inheritance and environmental effect on morphological traits and the effect of amygdalin on kernel taste. The most saturated microsatellite based almond linkage map developed in this study can serve as a framework for future almond breeding program in Australia and benefit Prunus improvement programs internationally. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1348850 / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2008

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2006.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.