In recent years much attention has gone to school efficiency, as determined by assessing student achievement relative to expenditures at the school district level. The present study built on prior work in school efficiency with a focus on the school campus level instead of the district level. Included in the study were 28 elementary and middle school campuses in a selected school district in Texas. The approach taken in the investigation was data envelopment analysis (DEA), which provided scores for efficiency and was intended to provide clarity on efficiency research at the campus level. Past studies using the DEA model have involved business and private institutions, but not public schools. The DEA model calculated and assigned efficiency scores for each campuses. The two variable categories used to determine campus efficiency were student demographics and resource allocation. The total enrollment numbers included the number of White, economically disadvantaged, at-risk, and limited English proficiency students. The resource allocation variables included the total expenditures in instruction, instructional related services, instructional leadership, campus leadership, and student support services. The efficiency scores paired with student achievement scores determined campus efficiency and effectiveness. An effective and efficiency framework was used to represent the data with student achievement on the y-axis and campus efficiency scores on the x-axis. I applied Pearson product moment and regression analyses using the same variables as previous studies. The Pearson product moment assessed the correlation between student demographic variables, function code variables, and campus efficiency. The Pearson product showed a weak positive relationship between the number of White students and the number of LEP students enrolled in the district. The analysis also showed moderate and strong negative relationships between efficiency and instructional leadership and student support services. The regression analysis identified the student demographic and function code variables that affected the level of efficiency of each school campus. School leadership and student support services had strong negative relationships with campus efficiency. Instructional related services had a strong positive relationship, and total enrollment and White students had weak positive relationships with efficiency. Additionally, non-White, economically disadvantaged, and at-risk students yielded weak to moderate negative relationships. The use of the DEA model allows school districts to analyze the spending patterns, specifically at the campus level. This analysis also allows districts and campuses to make meaningful decisions related to classroom instruction, instructional leadership, campus leadership, and counseling services.

A partir de que la participación de los jóvenes se ha vinculado al desafío democrático de fortalecer la participación de los ciudadanos tanto a nivel individual como colectivo, se ha visto un interés en potenciar el aprendizaje de competencias para participar, aprendizaje que se asociaría al ejercicio de la participación como un medio y fin desde la escuela. Con lo cual se ha estimado que la formación para participar en la sociedad democrática se encontraría entre las tareas de la pedagogía actual. Bajo esta premisa la investigación siguiente corresponde a un estudio comparativo de casos, donde se abordaron las conceptualizaciones y acciones participativas que desarrollaban los jóvenes entre 16 y 18 años en dos institutos de Chile y dos de España. Los centros fueron escogidos porque mantenían y promovía actividades participativas, con lo cual se caracterizaban en su contexto por promover la participación de los jóvenes. Los objetivos fueron describir los tipos de participación que vivían los jóvenes en sus centros educativos y comparar las experiencias entre países. Teóricamente se realizó una revisión del sentido de la participación desde la idea de la democracia deliberativa, lo que permitió comprender desde la génesis occidental de la democracia un sentido de la participación individual y colectiva, así como su alcance en los niños y jóvenes. Entendiendo por democracia la forma de tomar decisiones, un modelo de organización social y también un sistema de gobierno, que conlleva significados, valores y principios universales. Posteriormente se revisaron algunas perspectivas educativas que han promovido el reconocimiento del niño en la escuela, específicamente a través de metodologías activas y una mirada confiada y respetuosa de sus capacidades e intereses, lo cual fue identificado como uno de los principios de la participación de los niños y jóvenes en los centros educativos. Además se revisaron las teorías que relacionaban el aprendizaje de la participación con la democracia y el aprendizaje moral, junto con estudios recientes que abordaban estas experiencias en la población adolescente a nivel global y en los contextos estudiados. Ante este escenario la investigación planteó indagar en centros de secundaria donde se realizaran buenas prácticas participativas tanto en Chile como en Cataluña. Para describir las particularidades de cada centro según sus protagonistas y luego comparar los aspectos comparables. La metodología de investigación comprendió recolección de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos de los sujetos implicados (estudiantes, docentes, directivos) además de la revisión de cada caso profundamente a través de sus documentos oficiales. Los resultados se expusieron a través del análisis de cada caso en particular a través de la triangulación de la información obtenida. Luego se compararon los institutos según titularidad y país de procedencia. Entre las conclusiones destacaron que la participación en los centros analizados prevalecían tipos de participación correspondientes a Asignados pero informados (Hart, 1992) y Simple- Consultivo (Trilla y Novella, 2001), a la vez que se observó que la experiencia participativa es transformadora y formadora para los jóvenes que formaron parte de la investigación. Por último se halló que existía un énfasis en promover y valorar la democracia, en los centros investigados y que habría una generación de jóvenes, como los que formaron parte de la investigación, que propone una participación diferente a las que las instituciones ofrecen y que vale la pena revisar. / This research is a comparative case study which aimed to study the participatory conceptualizations and actions that were developed by young people aged 16 and 18 years old in two secondary schools in Chile and two in Spain. The institutions were selected because they support and promote participatory activities; therefore they were well recognized in their contexts to promote young participation. The goal was to describe the type of participation that young people experience in their educational institutions and to compare the experiences between countries. From a theoretical level, we approach the sense of the participation from the perspective of the deliberative democracy and from the understanding of the children’s right to participate. We reviewed as well the experiences related with the current of thought of democratic pedagogies together with the contemporary trends and finally the presence of the student’s participation in the legislature of both countries. Regarding this frame, we understood the student’s participation in their educational institutions as a means and a goal towards the learning of the participation, and as a valuable feature that leads people to be actively involved in the different areas of life in society. We also understood the participation as a right which articulates the essence of a democracy and the learning of the organizational skills in the common live. The research methodology involves the uses of quantitative and qualitative data, collected from the target individuals (students, teachers and directors) and also the analysis of official institutional documents. The results were exposed by single cases and by the triangulation of the information. Afterward, we compared the institutions regarding the country and the ownership (private or public). Among all the conclusions, is remarkable that the participation in the schools is not transferred to the vision of democratic experience in their scholar life, therefore it’s focused on the participation related with academic issues or student’s organization. At the same time, we consider relevant that the adults trust the participatory methodologies to promote meaningful learning, together with other factors, according each case and analysis level.

Thesis (Ed. D.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2006. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Jan. 31, 2007). Thesis advisor: Vincent A. Anfara. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Description based on contents viewed June 25, 2007; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-148).

Submitted by ALBERTO BIVE DOMINGOS null (bivedomingos@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-11T13:17:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE.pdf: 4064631 bytes, checksum: f6bfc4b70637f250c0c58468035c3fc3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2017-12-11T15:07:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 domingos_ab_dr_mar.pdf: 4064631 bytes, checksum: f6bfc4b70637f250c0c58468035c3fc3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-11T15:07:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 domingos_ab_dr_mar.pdf: 4064631 bytes, checksum: f6bfc4b70637f250c0c58468035c3fc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-17 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A presente pesquisa discute as políticas educativas moçambicanas para o ensino secundário no período democrático de 1990 a 2015. O objetivo é de contribuir com debates científicos no contexto da educação moçambicana, para a construção de políticas educativas referentes a este nível de ensino e à gestão participativa. Com isso, reflete-se acerca do avanço da educação pública à luz dos princípios democráticos, da igualdade de oportunidades e da educação para todos no que concerne ao progresso dessas políticas. Para tal, o estudo analisa as políticas educacionais no período pluripartidário no que se refere à gestão e à organização do ensino médio em Moçambique, partindo dos seguintes questionamentos: a organização das escolas no nível secundário em Moçambique tem contribuído para a consolidação de práticas de gestão democrática e participativa? Tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento inclusivo e profissional no sentido de oferecer maior liberdade de atuação dos envolvidos na escola (desenvolvimento institucional) e na comunidade (desenvolvimento sócio-políticoa)? Metodologicamente, recorreu-se à abordagem qualitativa associada a procedimentos de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Além disso, a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, buscou-se acessar as opiniões e experiências de diretores de escolas, professores e membros da comunidade, representados pelos membros do Conselho de Escola. A análise interpretativa dos dados foi desenvolvida com base nos referenciais teóricos propostos por Freire (1961) e Lima (2001). Nessa perspectiva, os resultados da pesquisa indicam que desde a independência nacional, que ocorreu em 1975, a escola secundária moçambicana percorreu duas vertentes de políticas: da revolução popular, ou do centralismo democrático (1975-1990); e da liberalização do ensino, ou da democracia representativa (1991-2015). Como resultado, constataram-se alguns desafios: a organização da escola secundária moçambicana deve basear-se na proposta de ela ser uma escola materialmente inclusiva, localmente significativa e de qualidade para a maioria. A escola deve contribuir para a difusão de conhecimentos sociológicos e antropológicos, para a solidariedade e, também, deve preparar os indivíduos para os novos papéis sociais que se colocam numa sociedade com intensos desafios e transformações. Por isso, fazem-se necessárias políticas claras e que enfatizem a participação local, a liberdade no exercício das responsabilidades educativas de todos intervenientes e que delimitem mais financiamentos para essas instituições. Além disso, para o melhor governo escolar é preciso que a instituição de ensino secundária incentive mais a colaboração político-pedagógica de demais interessados. Porém, ideias, projetos, propostas, críticas e sugestões podem ser caminhos para garantir o pleno direito à educação para todos. Desse modo, a ênfase recai menos na dimensão técnica e profissional da formação para o mercado de trabalho, que é recorrente quando predomina a gestão empresarial do tipo gerencial que se refere à eficácia de recursos. É evidente que as responsabilidades do Estado, nesse sentido, devem ser superiores às do mercado. A esse respeito, na educação, deve dominar uma gestão procedimental, que concebe a política educativa como uma arena na qual se desenvolvem processos de poder para o alcance da qualidade e da equidade. / Processo 190385/2013-8 - Programa MCT-Mz

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The education of all students is important in the school system, however, all students learn differently and are at different levels. One strategy that is used to cope with this issue is differentiated instruction. Di fferentiated instruction is when you teach to the individual student's needs by pre-assessing and determining those needs. If the student already know the information you need to move onto something more challenging for them. Often these gifted students already know the information, since they do come into each grade knowing 50% of the curricula, but quite often they are taught it again.

The purpose of this study was to specify and test a model detailing (a) gender, (b) previous elective music experience, (c) school, (d) music self-concept, and (e) music values as predictors of music enrollment and the initial juncture of school-sponsored elective music participation. In the event that a model with adequate fit was retained, a further purpose of this study was to calculate the direct, indirect, and total effects of each predictor, thereby determining each predictor's relative contribution towards explaining variance in elective music enrollment. Participants included fifth-grade students (N = 148) from two elementary schools. Data were gathered via administration of the Motivators of Elective Music Participation Questionnaire, and by accessing middle school elective enrollment records. The proposed expectancy-value model of elective music participation demonstrated excellent fit and was retained for interpretation. Overall, the model accounted for 34.4% of the variance in elective music participation. The greatest total predictor of elective music participation was previous elective music experience, followed closely by music values. Music self-concept, gender, and school played negligible roles in predicting whether students opted in or out of sixth-grade music electives.

The purpose of this study was to add to the limited amount of information on the effectiveness of play therapy interventions in a school-based counseling program. The study focused on examining the reasons why clients were referred to counseling, the frequency and duration of their behavior, the clients' academic performance at the beginning and end of treatment, the total number of sessions received, and the type of play therapy that was used to determine how effective play therapy interventions were during treatment.