Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Southern California, 1971. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 265-281).

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農民工權益保障問題是影響中國社會轉型的重大問題。中國各級政府制定了一系列旨在保障農民工權益的法律法規和政策，但這些法律法規和政策在實踐卻未能發揮其應有作用，農民工的權益仍然被持續而普遍地的侵犯，無法獲得真正的保障。本研究針對農民工權益無法獲得真正保障的問題，基於文献省覧和個人經驗的反思而構建出“雙重分離的初步研究概念框架，即政策文本與政策實踐的分離和工人意識和工人實踐的分離。 / 本研究發現，政策文本和政策實踐的分離通過政治問題社會化、社會問題法律化和法律問題權變化三種機制得以實現。首先，國家在解決農民工問題的具體政策方案上採取社會化的策略，將作為政治問題的農民工問題純粹當作社會問題來處理，刻意回避農民工在國家權力體系的中的地位問題。其次，國家通過官方工會的法律服務將作為社會問題的農民工權益保障問題處理為單純的法律問題；通過對勞工NGO的體制擠壓和對工人自主組建工會的打擊防止農民工權益保障問題的社會化和政治化。再次，地方當局在處理作為法律問題的農民工權益保障問題時，違反國家法律法規的規定，在不同情況下採取不同的處理方式，執行不同的標準，損害農民工的法定權益。工人意識與工人實踐的分離通過意識犬儒化和權益商品化得以實現。一方面，農民工表現出徹底不相信、認命不爭、知曉而不行動等帶有犬儒主義色彩的群體意識；另一方面，農民工將政策文本規定的權益視為一種可以“打折的商品，而非固有的不可侵犯的權益，並通常在議價過程中作出讓步。 / 本研究基於研究發現提煉出一組分析國家在勞資關係中的角色的概念，即次標準、地方專制資本主義和安撫型國家，它們構成了從微觀到宏觀的較為系統的分析當代中國國家與工人關係的概念體系，為後續研究奠定了基礎。 / The protection of the rights and interests of migrant workers is the major issue that affects China in the process of social transformation. The Chinese governments at all levels have promulgated a series of laws, regulations and policies, aiming to protect the migrant workers. But these laws, rules, and policies in practice have failed to perform their due role and function. The migrant workers’ rights and interests are still constantly unable to get real protection. This study examined the problem of the inability of migrant workers in gaining real protection of their rights and interests. Based on the literature review and the reflection of personal experience, a provisional conceptual framework “Double Disjuncture was formulated for the study, which refers to the disjuncture between policy text and policy practice and the disjuncture between worker’s consciousness and worker’s practice. / This study found that the disjuncture between policy text and policy practice is realized through three mechanisms: socialization of political issues, legalization of social issues, and contingency of legal issues. Firstly, the state took the strategy of socialization by using specific policies and programs to deal with the problems of migrant workers. The problem of migrant workers as a political matter was treated purely as a social problem, and deliberately avoided the status of migrant workers within the state power system. Secondly, through the legal service of the official labour unions, the state has made the problem of the rights and interest of migrant workers as purely a legal issue, and prohibits the formation of independent trade unions and the development of labor NGOs in order to prevent politicization and socialization of the problem of the protection of rights and interests of migrant workers through institutional extrusion. Thirdly, the local authorities violated the provisions of national laws and regulations in dealing with the problems of rights and interests of migrant workers. They took different approaches and various standards in different situations, which greatly prejudice the statutory rights and interests of migrant workers. / The disjuncture between worker’s consciousness and worker’s practice was made real by the workers’ consciousness of cynicism and the commercialization of rights and interests. On the one hand, migrant workers expressed distrust, acceptance of fate, and knowing without action which embrace the communal sense with the color of cynicism. On the other hand, migrant workers treated the rights and interests specified in the policy text as discountable commodities rather than inviolable rights and interests, and often made concessions in the bargaining process. / Based on the research findings, this study identified and constructed a set of concepts, such as sub-standard, local despotic capitalism, and propitiatory state. They constitute a systematic framework for understanding the relationships between the state and the workers in contemporary China from the micro to macro perspective, and lay the foundation for further researches. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 鄭廣懷. / "2012年9月". / "2012 nian 9 yue". / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 224-243). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Zheng Guanghuai. / Chapter 第一部分 --- 研究問題與研究設計 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 問題的提出 --- p.2 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻回顧與概念框架 --- p.16 / Chapter 第三章 --- 研究方法 --- p.44 / Chapter 第二部分 --- 研究發現 --- p.64 / Chapter 第四章 --- 政策文本與政策實踐分離的實現機制 --- p.65 / Chapter 第五章 --- 工人意識與工人實踐分離的實現機制 --- p.119 / Chapter 第六章 --- 政治修辭、霸權建構與權益剝奪 --- p.136 / Chapter 第七章 --- 中介力量：勞工NGO存在的可能與作用 --- p.161 / Chapter 第三部分 --- 討論和總結 --- p.175 / Chapter 第八章 --- 討論 --- p.176 / Chapter 第九章 --- 研究應用 --- p.206 / Chapter 第十章 --- 總結 --- p.215 / 附錄 --- p.216 / 參考文獻 --- p.224

Argues that Of Mice and Men is not only a tale of morality, but also a representation of the political themes found in In Dubious Battle and The Grapes of Wrath. Establishes that Steinbeck does not simply divorce himself from the labor themes of the other two books; rather he uses this novel as a representative account of the social events taking place in California during the 1930s. Examines aspects of the split hero as found in the novel's two main characters, George and Lennie, who resemble a dark rider coming into a ranch with nothing more than a dream of a better life.

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Hispanic Migrant Labor in Oregon, 1940-1990, describes the history and conditions of Hispanic farmworkers migrating from the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Latin America after the 1940s. This paper uncovers the history and contribution of a people easily forgotten, but essential to the well-being of the economy and the cultural diversity o f Oregon. Though much has been lost in the comings and the goings o f these people, bits and pieces have been recovered from old newspaper clippings, occasional documents recording the concerns and responses of the federal and state governments, rare articles tucked away in little known periodicals, and interviews.

Unknown questions remain concerning the health of migrant farm workers, seasonal farm workers, and other rural poor people. The objectives of this study were to determine the demographic profile of a sample from a Community and Migrant Health Center; to determine the prevalence of disease in migrant farm workers, seasonal farm workers and other clients; and to determine if differences existed in the prevalence of disease between the three occupational groups. Information from medical records for clients who visited an Oregon Community and Migrant Health Center during 1993 was abstracted to determine whether differences existed in demographic characteristics and in health status between migrant farm workers, seasonal farm workers, and other clients. A random sample of 600 medical charts was selected from the three occupational groups stratified by sex. The sample included adults and children classified as migrant or seasonal farm workers and other clients. Data abstracted from charts included socio-demographic information, physiologic measurements, biochemical testing results, and disease prevalence. Clients in this sample represented Latino (85.17%), Russian (4.8%), and Anglo (10%) cultures. Female clients who were not migrant or seasonal farm workers had a mean age of 27.42 years which was significantly different from the mean age of female migrant farm workers of 18.95 years, and of female seasonal farm workers of 20.35 years. Females who were not migrant or seasonal farm workers had significantly higher mean body mass indexes, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Female children classified as migrant farm worker had significantly higher blood lead levels than female children whose parents were not migrant or seasonal farm workers. Glucose levels for migrant farm workers was significantly higher than either of the other two occupational groups. Findings of the study indicated that common diagnoses included upper respiratory infection, otitis media, intestinal parasites or pathogens, dermatitis, and urinary tract infection. The most commonly reported injuries were due to lacerations and motor vehicle accidents. Additionally, 31.57% of PAP tests were abnormal, and violence against girls and women was reported. Diagnoses of chronic diseases included diabetes, hypertension, AIDS, cancer, and heart disease. / Graduation date: 1996

Acknowledging the population aging trend, the urbanization process, and also the old-age security challenges facing rural migrant workers, this study sets out to explore and make theoretical sense of the pension policy process for rural migrant workers, through a case study in Beijing. Applying the stage model of the policymaking process, and an equitable-effective-efficient evaluative framework, an inquiry frame is constructed to formulate research questions theoretically and to facilitate the whole study. Mixed methods integrating quantitative and qualitative research were adopted to achieve the stated purpose. The secondary data yielded by a random sampling survey (N=3,024) were employed to provide a contextual base, and to examine what factors are influencing rural migrant worker choices and participation in pension schemes, through a multivariate Probit regression method. The effect of pension program on consumption smoothing and income redistribution, reflected by pension replacement rates, are explored through actuarial models. Based on the findings of a quantitative study, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were carried out with 22 rural migrant workers, 6 governmental officials, 5 scholars and 5 human resource managers in Beijing. Through prolonged immersion in the research site, qualitative research further addresses the mechanisms and factors functioning within the policymaking process. Merging mixed methods utilizing the stages model of policy process, this study has been able to make discoveries not reported in previous studies. This study is of considerable significance, as it contributes novel insights and concepts into understanding the dynamics of the policy process in the case study of rural migrant worker pension provision in China. First, in response to the inquiry frame, it establishes an analytical framework to uncover the underlying policymaking process, as well as the mechanisms and factors functioning within each stage. In the agenda setting stage, it is the central government which can initiate the agenda setting process for rural migrant workers. At the same time, however, local governments are driven by their own interests and compelled by the central government’s desire to get pension issues on the agenda. It is indicated that decentralization, centralization and incrementalism are functioning together in policy formulation and adoption. From both the micro and macro perspectives, this study identifies what factors are contributing to the gap between policy design and implementation. Guided by a preset three-Es framework, the whole policy process and its (potential) impacts are evaluated. Second, throughout the whole study, an interest is displayed through its analysis in rural migrant workers' situations, needs and opinions. It is found that governments are playing an overwhelmingly decisive role in policy making, that rural migrant workers' voices are largely unheard, and that powers are concentrated in unrepresentative hands. Policy suggestions on moving toward a democratic policy process are then discussed. Finally, this study further proposes a package of concrete policy implications to systematically address these practical policy issues. This package mainly covers the household registration system, the sandwich generation, preservation of pension rights, policy transparency and publicity, policies being moderately mandated, and particular social welfare programs. / published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Social Anthroplogy. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-164). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29612