Questo lavoro approfondisce lo studio del co-sviluppo inteso come specifica strategia attraverso la quale viene declinato il rapporto migrazione-sviluppo. Il co-sviluppo prevede il protagonismo delle associazioni dei migranti nella realizzazione di progetti di sviluppo in patria, in collaborazione con partner in entrambe le sponde della migrazione. Esso si configura come una strategia di triple win ossia in grado di apportare vantaggi contemporaneamente per il paese di origine, per quello di destinazione e per i migranti stessi. La ricerca indaga in modo particolare gli effetti apportati dal co-sviluppo sul processo di integrazione nel contesto di residenza dei migranti e come quest’ultimo influisca nello stimolare l’attivismo transnazionale delle loro associazioni. A questo scopo lo studio pone a confronto due diversi contesti di approdo analizzando le iniziative di sviluppo attuate in patria dalle associazioni dei migranti ghanesi. Attraverso l’utilizzo di una metodologia qualitativa, è stata condotta una ricerca multi-situata in tre diversi campi: Italia, Regno Unito e Ghana. La ricerca mette in luce i diversi effetti che il co-sviluppo produce sull’interazione tra transnazionalismo e integrazione dei migranti nel contesto di residenza e come essa produca, a sua volta, degli effetti sullo sviluppo del contesto di provenienza. / This work focus on the study of co-development as a specific strategy through which the linkage migration&development is declined. Co-development foresees migrants associations to play a role as leading characters in undertaking development projects in the homeland co-operating with partners in both shores of migration. It represents a triple win strategy, and it can bring advantages in the country of origin, in the country of destination and for migrants themselves at the same time. In particular the research investigates the effects brought by co-development on the integration process in migrants resident context. Furthermore the research analyses how the resident context provides incentives for migrants association to act transnationally. With this aim the study compares two different arrival contexts analysing the different development initiatives realised by Ghanaian migrants associations back home. Using a qualitative approach, a multi-sited research has been carried out in three different fieldworks: Italy, the United Kingdom and Ghana. The research puts into light the different effects that co-development produces on the interaction between transnationalism and migrants integration in the context where they live, and how this produces, as a result, some effects on the process of development in the context of origin.

Dans un contexte où l'importance croissante de la mondialisation des flux migratoires en provenance de la région caraïbéenne s'intensifie et se diversifie, une prise en compte plus détaillée de l'évolution des stratégies de migrants au sein des sociétés d'accueil et de leur impact socioéconomique et politique sur les sociétés de départ s'impose. Notre thèse déclinée en trois parties s'inscrit précisément dans une réflexion sur l'engagement associatif à distance du migrant-acteur haïtien et jamaïcain, dans un cadre institutionnel français pour l'un et britannique pour l'autre. Au cœur d'un dispositif qui lie responsables locaux du pays d'origine et élus de la société d'accueil mettant en interaction différentes formes d'intervention de l'État d'origine, comment donc ce dernier peut-il alors agir et avoir un rôle incitatif en favorisant la participation de cette communauté transnationale ou encore en coordonnant des actions des associations de migrants ? En quoi le cadre associatif transnational est-il favorable au développement dans le contexte haïtien / jamaïcain ? En considérant l'émergence puis l'évolution du tissu associatif haïtien en terre française, et celles du tissu associatif jamaïcain en terre britannique, nous avons voulu chercher à comprendre les motivations derrière l'engagement de porter des projets de développement dans le pays d'origine. Notre travail de terrain, ainsi que notre dispositif méthodologique dans une approche de terrain multi-situé, nous a permis de mieux saisir les mécanismes de solidarité collective et de mise en commun de ressources. Partant d'un fait observé, une dynamique associative, qui s'est amplifiée au lendemain du séisme en Haïti / In a context where the growing importance of the globalization of migratory flows from the Caribbean region is intensifying and diversifying, a detailed attention on the evolution of migrants' strategies within host societies as well as their socioeconomic and political impact on the origin societies is required. Our thesis in three parts inscribes itself in a reflection on long-distance associative engagement of the Haitian and Jamaican migrant-actor, in a French institutional framework as well as a British one. At the heart of a model between local officials of the country of origin and elected officials of the host society, how can it act in an incentive capacity to foster or to better coordinate the actions taken by migrants' associations? How can a transnational associative framework be beneficiary to the development in the Haitian/Jamaican context? In considering the emergence and evolution of the Haitian associative landscape (France) and Jamaican (the United Kingdom), we wanted to understand the motivations behind the long-distance commitment to bring about development projects in the country of origin. Our fieldwork as well as our methodological approach in a multi-sited terrain helped us better grasp some of the mechanisms of bounded solidarity and of shared resources.Starting from an observed fact, an associative dynamic, which grew significantly in the aftermath of the earthquake in Haiti in January 2010, our study highlights three key elements: the relevance of the sense of belonging of migrants associations, the paramount importance of the relationship between the origin State and the its citizens abroad, and the growing, diverse and complex evolution