The diploma thesis Integration Courses: Last Stage of Swedish Efforts to Incorporate Immigrants analyzes integration arrangements in the context of the evolution of Swedish integration policies. Through theoretical models of incorporation the author argues that use of these courses is a consequence of various factors with a lack of immigrants' incorporation and increasing welfare state activation as the most significant. The process of welfare state activation does not focus exclusively on the immigrants, nevertheless, in the policy area of immigrant integration some of the activation features are most visible. The modern state delegates much more duties on individuals who can not rely on its protecting hands as they were used to earlier. As the state requires more from all its citizens, immigrants are expected to strive for their integration more pro-actively. The participation in the integration courses belongs to one of the duties the immigrants must accept. The Swedish approach is, however, a bit specific, since the courses' participation is not mandatory for all immigrants but a targeted group of newcomers. Moreover, the courses differ considerably from the general tendency in Western Europe with their stressed focus on labour-market related integration measures. Together with a language...

Ce mémoire met en lumière les différentes trajectoires en emploi de réfugiés établis à Sherbrooke. Peu discuté dans la littérature scientifique québécoise, le sujet est exploré à l’aide du cadre conceptuel pour l’étude de facteurs de migration et d’intégration de Victor Piché (2013). Les entrevues avec les participants ont mis en lumière que l’intégration en emploi ne repose pas sur un seul facteur, tel que la maitrise de la langue du pays d’accueil, ou encore l’obtention d’un diplôme du pays d’accueil. Au contraire, les participants ont fait sens de leur trajectoire en emploi en mobilisant une multitude de facteurs qui n’étaient pas toujours directement associés à l’intégration économique. L’ouverture de la communauté d’accueil, l’implication citoyenne, l’attachement à la ville d’accueil ou encore la présence d’un réseau social fort sont tous des facteurs ayant été identifiés comme ayant eu un impact positif sur l’intégration économique et l’intégration à la nouvelle communauté. Ainsi, nous constatons l’importance de chercher à comprendre l’intégration en emploi de manière multidimensionnelle, c’est-à-dire mettant de l’avant l’implication de facteurs micro, méso et macrosociaux. / This master thesis explores how refugees established in Sherbrooke perceive their work trajectories. This subject, which has not been research on a great extent by the scientific literature in Quebec, is analyzed through the factors of migration and integration within the conceptual framework of Victor Piché (2013). The interviews conducted with participants have demonstrated that the economic integration cannot be achieved with only one component, as for example, the mastering the language of the country of arrival, or the obtention of a degree in the country of arrival. In fact, the participants have mentioned that some other components can have an important impact on their work trajectories, as for instance: a positive climate toward refugees in their new community, their involvement in the community, the creation of a strong social network as well as their attachment to their city. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that economic integration should be studied through multiple lens, with the help of macrostructural, microstructural, mesostructural and even the temporal components.

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