Techn. University, Diss., 2003--München.

No description available.

Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2008

Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Leipzig.

1. Ištirtos registruotos Lactobacillus plantarum U-14, kuri išskirta iš sveikos karvės makšties ir Lactobacillus fermentum U-5, kuri išskirta iš sveiko veršelių fekalijų, padermės, nustatytos jų optimalios kultivavimo temperatūros, įvertintos jų probiotinės savybės, nustatytas antagonistinis aktyvumas, atsparumas antibiotikams bei įvertinta liofilizacijos įtaka šioms laktobacilų padermėms. 2. Liofilizacijos būdu pagamintas probiotikas, sudarytas iš Lactobacillus plantarum U-14 ir Lactobacillus fermentum U-5 padermių, nustatytas laktobacilų gyvybingumas preparate laikant vienus metus +4oC temperatūroje. 3. Nustatyta probiotiko profilaktinė dozė naujagimiams veršeliams girdant su krekenomis arba pienu pirmas 10 gyvenimo dienų, stebint veršelių klinikinius požymius, įvertinant paros priesvorį, įtaką bendram enterobakterijų ir laktobacilų kiekiui bei nustatant laktobacilų rūšinę sudėtį fekalijose įvertinant kraujo morfologinius ir biocheminius parametrus.4. Nustatyta probiotiko profilaktinė dozė veršeliams, kuri buvo – 4g/d. ir ji palyginta su probiotiko Yeasture profilaktine doze. / 1.The registered strains of Lactobacillus plantarum U-14 isolated from the vagina of healthy cow and Lactobacillus fermentum U-5 isolated from the faeces of healthy calve were studied, the optimal temperature for the cultivation was defined, were evaluated their probiotic properties, the antagonistic activity, resistance to antibiotics and the effect of lyophilization on these strains of lactobacillus were studied. 2.The probiotic preparation, consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum U-14 and Lactobacillus fermentum U-5 strains was produced by the method of lyophilization and the viability of lactobacillus during the period of 1 year storage at +4oC temperature was defined. 3.The preventive dose of probiotic preparation for neonate calves given with colostrum or milk was defined during the first 10 days, the clinical signs of calves, daily weight gain, effect on the total number of enterobacteria and lactobacillus were studied and the lactobacillus species composition in the faeces together evaluating morphological and biochemical indicators of blood was investigated. 4.The defined dose of probiotic preparation for calves was – 4g/d. and it was compared to the preventive dose of the preparation Yeasture.

Stomatitas yra dažna roplių burnos infekcinė liga. Didėjant namie auginamų roplių skaičiui, daugės ir klinikinių atvejų veterinarijos gydyklose. Svarbu identifikuoti sukėlėjus ir paskirti tikslingą antimikrobinę terapiją. Tyrimui burnos gleivinės tepinėliai paimti iš: 8 kukurūzinių žalčių, 2 karališkųjų gyvačių ir 13 stepinių vėžlių, auginamų Lietuvos zoologijos sode. Išskirta burnos mikroflora: kukurūzinių žalčių-Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp.; karališkųjų gyvačių: Staphylococcus spp., Streptoccocus spp.; stepinių vėžlių: Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Klebsiella spp. padermės. Jų atsparumui antimikrobinėms medžiagoms nustatyti atliktas testas pagal modifikuotą Kirby-Bauer (indikatorinių diskų) metodą. Panaudotos antimikrobinės medžiagos buvo: penicilinų, cefalosporinų, aminoglikozidų, sulfonamidų grupių. Atlikus sveikų kukurūzinių žalčių burnos mikrofloros tyrimus, nustatytas atsparumas antimikrobinėms medžiagoms- atspariausia sulfonamidui. Sergančio kukurūzinio žalčio išskirta burnos mikroflora atspari cefaklorui, oksitetraciklinui, amoksicilinui. Atlikus sveikų stepinių vėžlių burnos mėginių mikrofloros tyrimą, nustatytas atsparumas antimikrobinėms medžiagoms, atspariausia amoksicilinui ir klavulano rūgščiai. / Stomatitis (mouth infection) is common disease in reptiles. The number of reptiles kept as house pets is increasing so it is likely that clinical cases in veterinary clinics will also increase. It is necessary to identify infective agents and start optimal antimicrobial therapy. In this study microflora was isolated from reptiles kept at Lithuanian zoo: 8 corn snakes, 2 royal snakes, 13 russian tortoises. Isolated microflora was: corn snakes- Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp.; royal snakes: Staphylococcus spp., Streptoccocus spp.; russian tortoises: Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Klebsiella spp. Resistance to antimicrobial substances was identified using modified Kirby-Bauer (indicatory discs) method. Antimicrobial substances were: penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, sulphonamides. Resistance to antimicrobial substances of healthy corn snakes mouth microflora was: highest resistance to sulphonamides. Mouth microflora of corn snake with stomatitis was most resistive to cephaclor, oxitetracyclin, amoxicillin. Russian tortoise mouth microflora was most resistive to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.

Ausies uždegimas ne retai pasitaikanti liga porakanopiniams gyvūnams. Dėl racionalaus antimikrobinių vaistų vartojimo, svarbu išskirti ir identifikuoti sukelėjus ir jų jautrumą antimikrobinėms medžiagoms. Mėginiai imti iš dvylikos sveikų kamerūninių ožių, keturių šiaurinių elnių ir keturių lamų ausų landų. Visi gyvūnai yra laikomi Lietuvos zoologijos sode. Išskirti mikroorganizmai (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Micrococcus spp.) ir nustatytas jų jautrumas antimikrobinėms medžiagoms. Kamerūniniams ožiams iš ausų landų išskirtos mikroorganizmų padermės Bacillus spp. ir Staphylococcus spp. Mikroflora jautriausia antimikrobinėms medžiagoms – amoksicilinui, cefaleksinui ir gentamicinui. Šiauriniams elniams ir lamoms iš ausų landų išskirtos mikroorganizmų padermės Bacillus spp. ir Staphylococcus spp. Mikroflora jautriausia antimikrobinei medžiagai - amoksicilinui. / Otitis is a common disease in artiodactyla animals. Identification the microorganism and begin the antibacterial treatment is important for rational use of antimicrobials. Samples were collected from twelve cameroons goats, four reindeers and four llamas external ear canal. They all are kept in Lithuanian zoo. Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Micrococcus spp. were identified in the samples and set their sensitivity to antimicrobials. In all twelve samples from healthy cameroon goats were identified Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. Our data showed that healthy cameroon goats sample's microflora were most susceptible to amoxicillini, gentamicini and cephalexini. In all eight samples from healthy llamas anr reinderrs Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were identified. Reindeer and llamas external ear canal microflora samples were most susceptible to amoxicillin.

Background: Almost all foals develop transient diarrhoea within the first weeks of life. Studies indicated different viral, bacterial, and parasitic causes, such as rotavirus, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, and Cryptosporidium are discussed. But little is known about the development of intestinal microflora in foals. The present study investigated whether the supplementation with Bacillus cereus var. toyoi would modify the developing intestinal microflora and consequently reduce diarrhoea in foals. From birth, the foals were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: placebo (10 mL isotonic NaCl, n = 8), low dosage (LD; 5 × 108 cfu B. cereus var. toyoi, n = 7) and high dosage (HD; 2 × 109 cfu B. cereus var. toyoi, n = 10). Treatment groups were supplemented orally once a day for 58 days. Faeces scoring and sampling were performed within the first 24 h after birth and on day 9, 16, 23, 30, 44, 58 of the foal’s life and also on the first day of diarrhoea. Culture-plate methods were used to analyse the bacterial microflora. Results: Eighty-eight per cent of the foals developed diarrhoea (placebo 7/8, LD 5/7, HD 10/10) during the first 58 days of life. Bacillus cereus var. toyoi supplementation had no effect on bacterial microflora. Clostridium perfringens and enterobacteria were equally prevalent in foals with diarrhoea and those who were not afflicted. Conclusions: We conclude that the supplementation of B. cereus var. toyoi had no effect on the occurrence of diarrhoea and health status in the foals.

En mängd olika faktorer har visat sig påverka smakperceptionen. Ålder, fetma och den mikrobiellamiljön i munhålan är bara några exempel på omständigheter som kan resultera i smak-skillnader.Denna litteraturstudie syftar till att översiktligt granska de mekanismer som är involverade i munnenssmakuppfattning samt andra smakpåverkande faktorer såsom sjukdomar, kostvanor och oralametaboliter för att sedan utvärdera om samband existerar mellan dessa. Metabolismen som utförs avmikrober i saliv och tungfilm diskuteras också som potentiella variabler i smakuppfattningen, baseratpå att en adaption (smak-anpassning) i munhålan kan orsaka lägre detektionströsklar. Studienpresenterar smakförstärkarna miraculin och curculin, då dessa har en förmåga att förstärka sötasmaker genom modulering av smakreceptorerna. Alla dessa processer i munhålan är avgörande för attförstå komplexiteten i individers smakuppfattning. Den mikrobiella aktiviteten i munnen tyckspåverka smakperceptionen, därför uppmuntras ytterligare studier kring oral mikroflora och smak föratt vidare utvärdera dess korrelation. Insamlad information kan vara av relevans för biotekniskaändamål eller sensoriska tester. / Many different factors have been shown to influence taste perception. Age, obesity, olfactoryresponses, sensitivity to the chemical 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP-sensitivity), and even the microbialcomposition of the oral cavity are just a few examples of circumstances related to taste differences.This literature review aims to briefly assess taste transduction mechanisms and other taste-affectingfactors such as disease, dietary patterns, and oral metabolites to evaluate if correlations exist. Themetabolites made by microbes present in saliva and tongue film are also being discussed as variablesin the subjectiveness of taste, suggesting that adaptation in the oral cavity is causing lower detectionthresholds for specific tastes. A section presenting flavor-enhancers exemplifies the ability ofparticular proteins to amplify sweet tastes through the modulation of sweet receptors. Excludingolfactory responses, these in-mouth processes are crucial to understanding the complexity of flavor.Microbial activity in the mouth appears to play a role in the individuality of taste. Since this is anemerging area of research, future studies will help identify and characterize the connections betweentaste and oral microbiota. Assembled information in this review could also be relevant forbiotechnical purposes or sensory tests.

<p>Interindividualne razlike u sastavu i aktivnosti crevne mikroflore mogu uticati na metabolizam lekova kao i na njihov konačan terapijski odgovor. Simvastatin je lek iz grupe statina i karakteri&scaron;e ga izuzetno mala rastvorljivost u vodi, mala bioraspoloživost (&lt;5%) i velike interindividualne razlike u terapijskom odgovoru čiji uzroci nisu u potpunosti obja&scaron;njeni. Poslednjih godina velika pažnja se posvećuje ispitivanjima žučnih kiselina u razvoju novih farmaceutskih formulacija zbog svoje uloge u solubilizaciji i modifikaciji prodora lekova kroz biolo&scaron;ke membrane. Zbog svega navedenog, u fokusu na&scaron;eg istraživanja su bile potencijalne interakcije između simvastatina, probiotskih bakterija i žučnih kiselina o kojima se vrlo malo zna, a od izuzetne su važnosti, zbog mogućeg uticaja na farmakokinetske i farmakodinamske osobine simvastatina, pa samim tim i na konačan terapijski odgovor kod pacijenta.Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita prodor i metabolizam simvastatina u probiotskim bakterijama kao i uticaj različitih žučnih kiselina na transport ovog leka u bakterijske ćelije. Takođe, cilj je bio da se ispita uticaj soli žučnih kiselina na distribucioni koeficijent simvastatina, kao i interakcije žučnih kiselina sa simvastatinom na nivou transportnih proteina probiotskih bakterija kako bi se objasnila priroda očekivanih interakcija.Identifikacija i kvantifikacija uzoraka vr&scaron;ena je metodom tečne hromatografije sa masenom spektrometrijom (LC-MS/MS). Kori&scaron;ćenjem programskih paketa VolSurf+ i Molinspiration, za identifikovane metabolite su izračunati molekulski deskriptori koji opisuju fizičko-hemijske i farmakokinetske osobine molekula. Određivanje distribucionog koeficijenta vr&scaron;eno je Shake-flask metodom. Interakcije žučnih kiselina sa simvastatinom na nivou transportnih proteina probiotskih bakterija ispitane su doking studijama pomoću SwissDock programa. Prilikom dvadesetčetvoročasovne inkubacije sa probiotskim bakterijama uočen je statistički značajan pad koncentracije simvastatina u ekstracelularnom sadržaju. Ukupan sadržaj simvastatina, kao zbir ekstracelulamog i intracelularnog sadržaja, je tokom čitavog ispitivanog perioda bio statistički značajno niži u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu bez probiotika navodeći na zaključak da se deo simvastatina tokom vremena metabolisao pod dejstvom enzima ispitivanih bakterija. Detektovano je i identifikovano 8 metaboličkih produkata simvastatina. Na osnovu izračunatih vrednosti molekulskih deskriptora, očekuje se da će metabolit M-452, koji predstavlja hidroksilovani produkt simvastatinske kiseline, pokazati najbolje rezultate u pogledu fizičko-hemijskih osobina i bioraspoloživosti u biolo&scaron;kom sistemu. Žučne kiseline nisu dovele do statistički značajne modifikacije transporta simvastatina u/iz probiotskih bakterija. Ipak, u nekim vremenskim tačkama primećena je ne&scaron;to veća koncentracija leka u ekstracelulamom prostoru u grupama sa žučnim kiselinama. Ove razlike se mogu delimično objasniti rezultatima određivanja distribucionog koeficijenta koji su pokazali da ispitivane žučne kiseline dovode do statistički značajnog smanjenja distribucionog koeficijenta simvastatina usled povećanja rastvorljivosti u vodenoj fazi. Rezultatima doking studija procenjeno je da ispitivane žučne kiseline imaju veći afinitet prema čak 80% multidrug transportera ispitivanih bakterija u odnosu na simvastatin &scaron;to govori o mogućnosti ostvarivanja interakcija žučnih kiselina sa ovim lekom na nivou transportnih proteina probiotskih bakterija. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata možemo zaključiti da probiotske bakterije imaju ogroman uticaj na sudbinu simvastatina u biolo&scaron;kom sistemu. Uzimajući u obzir činjenicu da probiotske bakterije ulaze u sastav normalne crevne flore i da svaki organizam poseduje specifičan bakterijski sastav, trebalo bi posvetiti vi&scaron;e pažnje ispitivanju njegovog uticaja na farmakokinetiku lekova. Neophodna su dalja in vivo ispitivanja kako bi se utvrdila potencijalna farmakolo&scaron;ka aktivnost identifikovanih metabolita simvastatina nastalih pod dejstvom enzimske aktivnosti probiotskih bakterija. Povećanje rastvorljivosti simvastatina pomoću žučnih kiselina otvara mogućnost za dalja istraživanja u cilju razvoja novih farmaceutskih formulacija sa pobolj&scaron;anom bioraspoloživosti i farmakokinetskim osobinama.</p> / <p>Interindividual differences in the composition and activity of the gut microflora may affect the metabolism of drugs as well as their final therapeutic response. Simvastatin is drug from the group of statins and has extremely low water solubility, low bioavailability (&lt;5%) and high interindividual differences in therapeutic response whose causes are not fully understood. In recent years, great attention has been paid to studies of bile acids in the development of new pharmaceutical formulations because of their role in the drug solubilization and modification of drug transport through biological membranes. Accordingly, interactions between simvastatin, probiotic bacteria and bile acids were the focus of our research due to great importance and potential influence on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of simvastatin, and therefore the final therapeutic response in the patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the simvastatin transport and metabolism in probiotic bacteria as well as the effect of various bile acids on drug transport into the bacterial cell. Additonally, the aim was to investigate the influence of bile salts on the distribution coefficient of simvastatin, and the interactions of bile acids with simvastatin at the level of probiotic transport proteins in order to elucidate the nature of expected interactions. Identification and quantification of samples were performed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Molecular descriptors that describe the physico-chemical and pharmacokinetic properties of identified metabolites were calculated using the software packages VolSurf+ and Molinspiration. Determination of the distribution coefficient was performed using Shake-flask method. Interaction of bile acids with simvastatin at the level of bacterial transport proteins were studied using docking studies with SwissDock program. During the twenty-four hours of incubation with probiotic bacteria, simvastatin concentrations in the extracellular contet showed a statistically significant decrease. The total amount of simvastatin, as the sum of the extracellular and intracellular amount, during the whole study period, was significantly lower in comparison with control group without probiotics, suggesting that the part of simvastatin was metabolized by the enzymatic activity of studied bacteria. Accordingly, eight metabolic products of simvastatin were detected and identified. Based on the calculated values of molecular descriptors, it is expected that the metabolite M-452, which is the hydroxylated product of simvastatin acid, will show the best results in terms of physico-chemical properties and bioavailability in biological system. Bile acids did not show a significant influence on simvastatin transport into probiotic bacteria. However, in some time points, slightly higher drug concentrations in the extracellular medium in groups with bile acids were observed. These differences can be partly explained by the results of the determination of the distribution coefficients which showed that investigated bile acids lead to a statistically significant decrease in simvastatin distribution coefficient due to increased solubility in the aqueous phase. The results of docking studies estimated that studied bile acids have stronger affinities for the 80% of bacterial multidrug transporters compared to simvastatin indicating the possibility of achieving the interactions of bile acids with simvastatin at the level of transport proteins of probiotic bacteria. Based on the obtained results it could be concluded that probiotic bacteria have great influence on the fate of simvastatin in a biological system. Taking into account the fact that probiotic bacteria are the normal part of gut microflora and that each individual has specific bacterial fingerprint, more attention should be paid on studying its influence on drug pharmakocinetics. Further in vivo studies are required in order to determine potential pharmacological activity of identified simvastatin metabolites. Increased water solubility of simvastatin with bile acids may open the possibility for further investigations with the aim of development of new pharmaceutical formulation with improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties.</p>