Bakgrund   Ätstörningar påverkar ungefär nio procent av världens befolkning. De definieras som allvarliga och tvångsmässiga beteenden med potentiellt livsfarliga konsekvenser. Sexuella-och könsminoriteter är sårbara och marginaliserade grupper med hög risk för att lida av psykisk ohälsa. Deras upplevelser och erfarenheter som marginaliserade samhällsgrupper påverkar deras interaktion med vården. Syfte Att beskriva prevalensen och lidandet av ätstörningar hos sexuella-och könsminoriteter. Metod Studien är en icke-systematisk litteraturstudie. För att söka ut de 17 originalartiklar som inkluderades i studien användes tre separata databaser och manuell sökning. Alla artiklar har kvalitetsgranskats enligt Sophiahemmets Högskolas bedömningsunderlag. Därefter lästes materialet igenom och en integrerad dataanalys användes för att analysera det syntetiserade resultatet. Resultat Sexuella-och könsminoriteter påvisade en högre risk för att lida av ätstörningar än ciskönade heterosexuella individer. Helt homosexuella deltagare hade ofta en officiell ätstörningsdiagnos medan bisexuella deltagare rapporterade höga resultat på bedömningar om ätstörningar. Ätstörningar och ätstörningsbeteende var ofta förekommande hos könsminoriteter med motiveringen att framhäva eller förtrycka könskaraktärer. Deltagare rapporterade upplevt lidande på grund av en bristande kunskap eller möjlighet till vård. Slutsats Det finns ett behov av ett empatiskt förhållningssätt gentemot målgrupperna samt utbildning i att förstå minoritetsperspektivet för att minska lidandet bland sexuella-och könsminoriteter som lider av ätstörningar. Minoritetsstress måste tas i beaktning när man hanterar minoriteter då de löper hög risk för fysiska och psykiska sjukdomar. Resultaten illustrerade skillnader mellan grupperna vilket lyfte fram vikten av att se individen holistiskt. Genom att arbeta för att förstå minoritetsperspektivet kan vårdgivare bidra till globala mål samt lindra lidande för individen. / Background Feeding and eating disorders affect about nine percent of the human population. They are defined as serious and compulsory behaviours with potentially life-threatening consequences. Sexual and gender minorities are vulnerable and marginalised groups who are at risk of suffering psychological illnesses. Their experiences as marginalised groups of society affect their interaction with the healthcare system.  Aim To describe the prevalence and suffering of feeding and eating disorders amongst sexual and gender minorities. Method The study is a non-systematic literature review. Three separate databases along with manual search were used to find the 17 primary articles included in the study. All articles have been reviewed as per Sophiahemmet University’s assessment instruments. Thereafter, the source material was examined, and an integrated analysis was used to analyse the synthesised results.  Results Sexual and gender minorities exhibited a high risk for suffering feeding and eating disorders than cisgendered heterosexual individuals. Completely homosexual participants were more likely to have an official feeding and eating disorder diagnosis whilst bisexual participants reported high scores on feeding and eating disorder questionnaires. Feeding and eating disorders and disturbed eating behaviours were frequent amongst gender minorities with the motivation of accentuating or repressing sex characteristics. Participants reported further suffering due to lack of knowledge or care amongst healthcare providers.  Conclusions There is a need for an empathic attitude and education in understanding the minority perspective to reduce the suffering amongst sexual and gender minorities suffering feeding and eating disorders. Minority stress needs to be taken into consideration when dealing with minorities as they are at high risk of physical and mental illnesses. The results illustrated various differences between the subgroups which highlighted the importance of viewing the individual holistically. By working to understand the minority perspective, healthcare providers can contribute to global goals as well as alleviate suffering for the individual.

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South-east Asian girls are frequently categorised as 'Asian' without taking into consideration their gender or religious up bringing. South-east Asian girls are not a homogeneous cluster as perceived by ethnocentric British establishments and institutions. They are discernible, for example, by religion, sect, linguistic association, caste and country of origin. The Asian culture has the prevalent image of being peculiarly oppressive and restrictive for women and the pronouncements of the 'community leaders' are often relied upon, and not the views of women themselves. Hence it is important to permit women to verbalise about their own situation and views. Researchers have, in the past, used their personal experience in formulating hypotheses. Being a British born Asian, one appreciates that the attitudes and aspirations of young Asian women are changing and more research is obligatory if educational establishments and other institutions are to understand and help their Asian female colleagues and students better, by aiding the policy making process and practice. This research has explored the relationship between religious upbringing and attitudes of Asian girls and women in higher education towards school education, further education, employment and settlement. The case study was intended to be illuminative. It was found that the girls answered in different ways and it was clear that some of the responses were clearly categorised by their religion. The findings suggest that if institutions in Britain fail to understand the contrasting effects of religion on ethnic minority students then South-east Asian students will experience 'creedism' and lack of support due to the non-religious orientated assumptions made.

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Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a legally binding and justiciable minority protection provision. It stipulates, “In those States in which ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities exist, persons belonging to such minorities shall not be denied the right, in community with the other members of their group, to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practise their own religion, or to use their own lan-guage.” Perhaps due to its negative, weak and qualified terminology, too many legal scholars display a dismissive attitude toward this article suggesting that they deem it to be an inadequate measure of minority protection. This thesis seeks to address the question of whether article 27 is simply another inadequate measure or an underappreciated resource through analyses of four key questions: (i) the scope question, (ii) the definitional ques¬tion, (iii) the right-bearer question, and, (iv) the obligation question. Article 27’s cautious terminology has produced much confusion and controversy, but the United Nations Human Rights Com¬mittee’s practice has helped clarify many significant points of contention. Despite contesta¬tions to the contrary by many States parties, article 27 has a universal scope and applicability with only two minor, but significant, exceptions. The right-holder is a person belonging to a non-majority ethnic, national, indigenous, racial, religious or linguistic community, and she bears and exercises the rights protected by article 27 as an individual, even though she has a right to exercise them in concert with other members of her community. States parties are obligated to ensure that persons belonging to minority communities have these rights. Hence, I suggest that article 27 should be interpreted according to the following formulation: States parties have negative, and possibly also positive, obligations to ensure that persons belonging to non-majority ethnic, national, indigenous, racial, religious or linguistic communities have individual rights to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practise their own religion, and to use their own language, including also the right to exercise these rights in concert with other members of their community. / Thesis (Master, Law) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-01 18:37:15.416