This research is a field study analyzing conflict attitudes as possible triggers for the conflicts among the unaccompanied refugee children in the HBV houses in the Småland County, Sweden. In order to do so, this study focuses specifically on the causes of the conflicts among the children and to seek a deeper understanding on how these conflict attitudes were acted upon and became the potential triggers for the conflicts. The role of the staff working in these houses and their knowledge of the children's backgrounds and their views regarding the causes of the violence between the children are also scrutinized. Factors that are examined include the children's backgrounds, entrenched historical ethnic and religious violence in their home country that the children might have inherited their conflict attitudes as the result and still carry with into the new environment, Sweden. Interviews were conducted with both the children and the concerning staff in a number of houses in different cities in the Småland county. Triangulation of sources was also used to discuss the history of conflict regarding the children's country and the required data for both the theoretical as well as methodological approaches.  The study analyzed the results using Johan Galtung's conflict triangle and its components: behavior, attitudes and contradiction focusing specifically on conflict attitudes in relation to the other two components of the triangle. This theoretical approach is valuable in breaking down the issue in order to get a deeper understanding on different angles.  Through interviews with both the unaccompanied children and the concerning staff, this study found that the children do have conflict attitudes and constructed conflict behavior as the result of their previous life in a conflict environment, though there are some other factors that have also played a role and deteriorated the violence between them. The staff’s level of awareness regarding the children's backgrounds, cultural values and sensitivities are considerably inefficient due to their different education majors and lack of proper work experiences with the children coming from the war-torn countries. In some of the conflicts the staff's poor understanding of the children's ethnic and religious violence they inherited from their country have further triggered the conflict among the children. Therefore, there is a need for further in-depth research in future to increase the level of awareness of the Swedish Migration Board, Social Welfare Board, Municipalities and the HBV houses regarding the ethnical and religious violence that the children experienced in their home country.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of minors included in a broad range of medical research studies. To date, however, little attention appears to have been paid to how the role of minors in the consent process leading to participation in these studies should be defined. This thesis reviews the legal and ethical instruments and principles that define the role of mature minors in the medical research consent process in Canada at present. The thesis goes on to recommend a framework that should be added to the Tri-Council Policy Statement whereby all minors undergo a capacity assessment using a validated instrument. According to this framework, the consent of those who are found to have decision-making capacity (i.e. are mature minors), unless precluded by law, shall be necessary and sufficient. There are few instances where the law prevents mature minors from consenting to their own participation.

The Master's thesis focuses on the issue of children and adolescents betting in computer games. It presents a fundamental terminology and principles, which can be found in computer games with elements of betting. It describes systems used for age rating of games and principles of their functioning. It uses a qualitative research method - a form created in Google Forms and distributed via the link. The main research sample consisted of pupils of elementary and secondary schools. There were 255 participants, and their age was between 11 - 18 years. The Master's thesis presents the numbers of gambling children.

This thesis aims to extend some of the results of the Graph Minors Project of Robertson and Seymour to "group-labelled graphs". Let $\Gamma$ be a group. A $\Gamma$-labelled graph is an oriented graph with its edges labelled from $\Gamma$, and is thus a generalization of a signed graph. Our primary result is a generalization of the main result from Graph Minors XIII. For any finite abelian group $\Gamma$, and any fixed $\Gamma$-labelled graph $H$, we present a polynomial-time algorithm that determines if an input $\Gamma$-labelled graph $G$ has an $H$-minor. The correctness of our algorithm relies on much of the machinery developed throughout the graph minors papers. We therefore hope it can serve as a reasonable introduction to the subject. Remarkably, Robertson and Seymour also prove that for any sequence $G_1, G_2, \dots$ of graphs, there exist indices $i<j$ such that $G_i$ is isomorphic to a minor of $G_j$. Geelen, Gerards and Whittle recently announced a proof of the analogous result for $\Gamma$-labelled graphs, for $\Gamma$ finite abelian. Together with the main result of this thesis, this implies that membership in any minor closed class of $\Gamma$-labelled graphs can be decided in polynomial-time. This also has some implications for well-quasi-ordering certain classes of matroids, which we discuss.

This thesis aims to extend some of the results of the Graph Minors Project of Robertson and Seymour to "group-labelled graphs". Let $\Gamma$ be a group. A $\Gamma$-labelled graph is an oriented graph with its edges labelled from $\Gamma$, and is thus a generalization of a signed graph. Our primary result is a generalization of the main result from Graph Minors XIII. For any finite abelian group $\Gamma$, and any fixed $\Gamma$-labelled graph $H$, we present a polynomial-time algorithm that determines if an input $\Gamma$-labelled graph $G$ has an $H$-minor. The correctness of our algorithm relies on much of the machinery developed throughout the graph minors papers. We therefore hope it can serve as a reasonable introduction to the subject. Remarkably, Robertson and Seymour also prove that for any sequence $G_1, G_2, \dots$ of graphs, there exist indices $i<j$ such that $G_i$ is isomorphic to a minor of $G_j$. Geelen, Gerards and Whittle recently announced a proof of the analogous result for $\Gamma$-labelled graphs, for $\Gamma$ finite abelian. Together with the main result of this thesis, this implies that membership in any minor closed class of $\Gamma$-labelled graphs can be decided in polynomial-time. This also has some implications for well-quasi-ordering certain classes of matroids, which we discuss.

This thesis explores social workers' perspectives on unaccompanied minors’ mental health and their experiences during their asylum process in Sweden. Conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews and applying stress appraisal and a sense of coherence theories, the thesis sought to understand what experiences and challenges the unaccompanied minors confront during their asylum process. And how that impact their well-being and mental health condition. The results show social workers perceptions, on how the Swedish asylum process produced psychological stress, anxiety, sleep difficulties, lack of abilities to cope with stressful situations, traumas, and behavioral changes for the unaccompanied minors' well-being. As indicated by the researcher, the unaccompanied minors undergoing the asylum procedure are exposed to a low sense of coherence and mental health problems.

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Denna c-uppsats syftar att genom kvalitativ metod undersöka hur ensamkommande flyktingbarn upplever sig bli bemötta från Migrationsverket ur ett maktperspektiv. Till grund för denna uppsats ligger fyra intervjuer som analyserats med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys, tidigare forskning och maktperspektiv. Studiens material utgår från ensamkommande barns tillbakablickande berättelser. Urvalet utgörs av fyra personer som kom som ensamkommande flyktingbarn men som idag är över 18 år och inte bor på Hem för vård eller boende. Resultatet visar att makt förekommer igenom hela asylprocessen. Maktdimensionerna tog sig uttryck i väntrummet, under mötet med Migrationsverket och i väntan på beslutet från Migrationsverket. Bärare av makten var handläggaren vid Migrationsverket, god man, tolk och organisationen. Uppsatsen stämmer till viss del överens med vad befintlig forskning kommit fram till men den indikerar på behov av fortsatt forskning. / Nej

This thesis focuses on legal capacity of minors. Maturity of a person depends on his or her age and the development of a personality is consecutive, therefore each legal system must deal with a question how to incorporate a capacity of minors (going through this development) to cause legal effects with own acts. These persons need a higher degree of protection and a different intensity of control or surveillance. Based on general description of several theoretical approaches to the issue the solution chosen in the Czech Republic and in Germany is being closely analyzed. The text of this thesis is divided into five chapters. Firstly, the Czech legislation concerning the issue is being explained. In the first chapter all the basic terms are defined and also the system of legislation regarding legal capacity is shortly outlined. The second chapter includes detailed analysis of legislation concerning legal capacity of minors. The basic criterion for assessment of capacity to cause legal effects with own acts is intellectual and volitional maturity. This criterion is complemented with special cases of a minor acting with consent of his legal representative, operation of business and performance of dependent work. The thesis also mentions acquisition of full legal capacity before reaching the age of majority...

The U.S. Customs Border Patrol reported a total of 67,339 children crossed the Mexican border illegally into the Unites States in the 2014 fiscal year. The Office of Refugee Resettlement found 34% came from Honduras, 32% from Guatemala and 29% from El Salvador. The United States has been strained with the task of finding, providing and funding adequate housing, health care and education amongst other things for these minors while they wait for court immigration proceedings. The purpose of this research was to explore the barriers social and human service agencies face in finding a safe, stable and nurturing environment for Central American unaccompanied undocumented minors in the United States. A qualitative method to understand the phenomenon was taken. This study revealed six common themes: 1) barriers in providing a safe, stable and nurturing environment was lack of the English language in the children and stigma surrounding immigration 2) barriers in education were lack of English language, financial situation and lack of transcripts or history of the child’s educational background, 3) barriers in health care was the limited access to health care 4) barriers in housing were crowded living situation, lack of affordable housing and placement in foster care, 5) barriers in language were the child’s limited knowledge of the English language, lack of bilingual providers, lack of educational material in Spanish, child’s limited knowledge of Spanish language, 6) other barriers not inquired about were the participants lack of knowledge of available resources for the children and the child’s immigration status.