This study contributes to theory and public policy in Canada and globally. It uses mixed methodology and triangulation of evidence through policy documents(Bovey,Rae,Drummond),empirical studies and surveys(ranking,NSSE data,regression), CAUT/AUCC and Statistics Canada sources and qualitative sources - writings of university presidents (Bok,Kerr,Fallis),researchers (Rajagopal, Clark et al.)as well,talks with sessionals,teaching assistants and administrators. The framework consists of Altbach's four factors - democratization, the knowledge economy, globalisation and competition and three ideal types for university development - entrepreneurial, liberal education and deliberative. The thesis contrasts classical college with the modern university system. The results show strong evidence for research domination, mission drift and shift towards the entrepreneurial model. Quality is compromised by lowering requirements, compressed courses, less study time, large classes taught by sessionals and TAs, grade inflation and consumerist behaviour, while critical thinking and moral development are neglected.

This study contributes to theory and public policy in Canada and globally. It uses mixed methodology and triangulation of evidence through policy documents(Bovey,Rae,Drummond),empirical studies and surveys(ranking,NSSE data,regression), CAUT/AUCC and Statistics Canada sources and qualitative sources - writings of university presidents (Bok,Kerr,Fallis),researchers (Rajagopal, Clark et al.)as well,talks with sessionals,teaching assistants and administrators. The framework consists of Altbach's four factors - democratization, the knowledge economy, globalisation and competition and three ideal types for university development - entrepreneurial, liberal education and deliberative. The thesis contrasts classical college with the modern university system. The results show strong evidence for research domination, mission drift and shift towards the entrepreneurial model. Quality is compromised by lowering requirements, compressed courses, less study time, large classes taught by sessionals and TAs, grade inflation and consumerist behaviour, while critical thinking and moral development are neglected.

This study contributes to theory and public policy in Canada and globally. It uses mixed methodology and triangulation of evidence through policy documents(Bovey,Rae,Drummond),empirical studies and surveys(ranking,NSSE data,regression), CAUT/AUCC and Statistics Canada sources and qualitative sources - writings of university presidents (Bok,Kerr,Fallis),researchers (Rajagopal, Clark et al.)as well,talks with sessionals,teaching assistants and administrators. The framework consists of Altbach's four factors - democratization, the knowledge economy, globalisation and competition and three ideal types for university development - entrepreneurial, liberal education and deliberative. The thesis contrasts classical college with the modern university system. The results show strong evidence for research domination, mission drift and shift towards the entrepreneurial model. Quality is compromised by lowering requirements, compressed courses, less study time, large classes taught by sessionals and TAs, grade inflation and consumerist behaviour, while critical thinking and moral development are neglected.

Après une synthèse des principales avancées en microfinance, la thèse offre un aperçu sur les institutions de microfinance (Imf) dans les pays en développement entre 2000 et 2009. Une étude approfondie du marché de l’Afrique Subsaharienne est également proposée. Elle sert de prélude à l’analyse économétrique des déterminants des performances financière et sociale des Imf dans cette région ainsi qu’à l’examen des arbitrages entre les deux objectifs. Le modèle est également estimé avec les données de l’Amérique Latine et Caraïbes afin de tester, entre autres, sa robustesse spatiale. Les résultats montrent que malgré la forte croissance affichée, les Imf demeurent fragiles à cause des retards de paiement et de la faible rentabilité. En outre, il n’existe pas de modèle universel de la microfinance sans spécificités régionales. La commercialisation du secteur est remise en cause car même si elle ne s’accompagne pas nécessairement d’une déviation de la mission sociale, elle n’améliore pas la performance financière. Enfin, la richesse du secteur provient de sa segmentation alors que sa faiblesse est due à son manque d’organisation, avec une concurrence se traduisant par une recrudescence des risques au lieu d’une diversification des produits. / After a summary of the main achievements in microfinance, the thesis provides an overview of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in developing countries between 2000 and 2009. A thorough study of microfinance in sub-Saharan Africa is also proposed. It serves as a prelude to the econometric analysis of the determinants of financial and social performances of MFIs and to the review of the trade-offs between the two objectives in this region. The model is also estimated with data from Latin America and the Caribbean to test, amongst others, its spatial robustness. The results show that despite their strong growth, MFIs remain fragile because of arrears and low profitability. In addition, there is no universal model of microfinance without regional specificities. The commercialization of the sector is called into question because although it does not necessarily lead to social mission drift, it does notimprove financial performance. Finally, the richness of the sector comes from itssegmentation while its weakness is due to its lack of organization, with competition leading to increasing risk rather than product diversification.

This study contributes to theory and public policy in Canada and globally. It uses mixed methodology and triangulation of evidence through policy documents(Bovey,Rae,Drummond),empirical studies and surveys(ranking,NSSE data,regression), CAUT/AUCC and Statistics Canada sources and qualitative sources - writings of university presidents (Bok,Kerr,Fallis),researchers (Rajagopal, Clark et al.)as well,talks with sessionals,teaching assistants and administrators. The framework consists of Altbach's four factors - democratization, the knowledge economy, globalisation and competition and three ideal types for university development - entrepreneurial, liberal education and deliberative. The thesis contrasts classical college with the modern university system. The results show strong evidence for research domination, mission drift and shift towards the entrepreneurial model. Quality is compromised by lowering requirements, compressed courses, less study time, large classes taught by sessionals and TAs, grade inflation and consumerist behaviour, while critical thinking and moral development are neglected.

Titel: Sociala företags finansieringsproblematik: En litteraturstudie om bidragande faktorer till finansieringsgapet mellan sociala företag och dess finansiärer. Författare: Jeanette Koznar, Håkan Lindgren och Sandra Nilsson Handledare: Anders Wrenne Institution: Managementhögskolan, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola   Kurs: Kandidatarbete i Företagsekonomi, 15 högskolepoäng Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att identifiera det befintliga kunskapsläget för hur fem utvalda faktorerna påverkar finansiärers benägenhet att investera i sociala företag, för att därefter urskönja mönster mellan dessa fem faktorerna och diskutera hur ett samspelande kan minska finansieringsgapet. Metod:  Vi valde att använda oss av en explorativ litteraturstudie som metod då denna karaktäriseras av att fördjupa förståelsen för ett forskningsproblem.   Slutsatser: Vi fann att genom att se sambanden mellan de faktorer som påverkar finansieringsgapet, mellan sociala företag och finansiärer, kan flera faktorers inverkan på finansieringsgapet minskas framförallt genom att attackera en av dessa faktorer: de organisatoriska färdigheterna. / Title: The financial problem for social enterprises: A literature review on contributing factors to the funding gap between social enterprises and its financiers. Authors: Jeanette Koznar, Håkan Lindgren och Sandra Nilsson Supervisor: Anders Wrenne Department: School of Management, Blekinge Institute of Technology  Course: Bachelor’s thesis in Business Administration, 15 credits Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to identify the existing level of knowledge for how the five specifically chosen factors affect financiers' propensity to invest in social enterprises, and descry patterns between these five factors and discuss how an interaction between them can reduce the funding gap.   Method: We chose an exploratory literature review as a method to conduct this study based on that it is characterized by further deepening the understandings of a specific research problem.   Results: We found that by investigating the connection between the factors that contribute to the funding gap between social enterprises and financiers, the impact on the funding gap can be reduced primarily by attacking one of these factors: the organizational skills.