The aim of this study is to investigate, examine, and establish the nature and process of labour migration from the Sudan for work in other countries, as well as to assess the causes of this labour movement, and its implications for the economy of the Sudan, the individual migrant, and non-migrant. Sudanese migration is basically to the Arab oil producing and exporting countries, and it is relatively recent. Although this migration is highly selective, it involves differen~ types of labour; . unskilled, skilled, highly skilled as well as employed and unemployed labour. This study has shown that the 'pull' factors of migration exerted more pressure on the movement of labour than the 'push' factors prevailing in the Sudan. The increased demand for labour in the oil countries resulted in higher earnings in these countries relative to those in the Sudan. Income. differentials between the Sudan and immigration countries, as well as fluctuations in the level of gross domestic investment in these countries are the most significant variables in explaining migration from the Sudan. The effects of this migration on the economy of the Sudan are not entirely positive. The country has been able to export some of its unemployed labour force and gain some foreign exchange through migrants' remittances. However, because of the rapidly increasing migration rate and the skill composition of migrants, significant labour shortages could occur to the extent of considerable output losses, if migration continued at the present rate and composition. The individual migrant and his family at home, however, are able to derive substantial monetary gains as a result of this migration.

This study investigated teacher mobility situations in a case study school and the underlying factors influencing mobility intentions. Data was collected and analyzed using a mix-model approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods. The research participants were primary in-service teachers at the case study school, but not include teachers on loan from public schools and reemployed after retirement. To explain how different factors impact teachers’ mobility intentions, the data was interpreted and categorized using Alderfer’s ERG theory, which contends that human beings have the need for existence, relatedness, and growth. The results of this study are:(1) Working in the public schools is optimal occupational choice for most teachers because of its overwhelming advantages, such as better salaries and work benefits, job security, and better professional development opportunities, which can satisfy teachers’ needs for existence, relatedness and growth all at one and to a high degree. (2) Teachers’ mobility intention is the result of comparison between the present job and the potential jobs provided by other schools and other industries based on their different degrees of demand. (3) Many of the factors that influence teachers’ mobility intentions are under the school’s control, which enable schools to take an active role in stabilizing teachers’ mobility intentions. (4) Teachers’ mobility behavior is determined not only by mobility intention but also by mobility competence. Hence, it is better for school to make appropriate decisions and actions within school’s capacity to teachers’ mobility behaviors based on fully understanding their needs, their mobility intentions and their mobility competence. / published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

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