This thesis contributes to a growing body of research on the impact of China’s rustication programme—a social mobilisation, transferring urban school graduates to rural communities during the Cultural Revolution—on the lives of the Cultural Revolution cohort (CR cohort), and more broadly, to research on the impact of socialist campaigns on social mobility. The analyses of this thesis are based on two national surveys as well as interviews that I conducted with former rusticates and non-rusticates. Distinct from earlier studies which stated that the rustication programme had indiscriminate and adverse effects on all social groups, my results show the process itself was socially stratified: (1) children from the bad class origin and highly-educated families were intensively targeted, and (2) the privileged military families were spared from the mobilisation, and their children were sent to join the People's Liberation Army (PLA). In view of the timing of major life transitions, rusticates lag behind their non-rusticated counterparts and individuals from adjacent cohorts, despite the fact that the delayed attainment of further education was experienced by all members of the CR cohort. After controlling for experience of rustication, children of party officials have a higher chance of obtaining a college degree than those from other social backgrounds. The analysis of the complete work-life histories of the CR cohort as a whole reveals four employment trajectories: Rusticates are more likely to be in the trajectory group characterised by unemployment in the late stage of their career than non-rusticates. Children of party members have a higher likelihood to be in the trajectory dominated by managerial work with short initial spells in the PLA. Rusticates are found to be less satisfied with their lives, their current situation is more deprived and they are more likely to be active in conflict solving, as opposed to non-rusticates and members of adjacent cohorts. Interviews suggest that rusticates viewed the experience of rustication as being an important part of their past and display a thirst for public recognition. Yet, the extent of the transformation that this experience has made in their lives is stratified by their work-life experiences. Non-rusticates reckoned their lives were also affected by the rustication through their close links with rusticates.

Thesis (M.Sc.D.)--Boston University School of Graduate Dentistry, 1975. Orthodontics. / Bibliography included.

Thesis (M.Sc.D.)--Boston University School of Graduate Dentistry, 1971. (Orthodontics) / Bibliography included.

Esta pesquisa tem como objeto o estudo da dinâmica interna dos territórios periféricos pela análise da micromobilidade relacionada à implantação de infraestrutura de transporte de âmbito regional. O trabalho pretende demonstrar as qualidades das redes e malhas de micromobilidade como fonte informativa das dinâmicas socioespaciais contidas no território informal e como componente de qualifi cação urbana, trazendo para o projeto metropolitano dados cruciais sobre o seu funcionamento interno e as potencialidades de articulação com as escalas de mobilidade maiores. Ao considerar a malha de mobilidade como rede espacial, com densidade própria e capacidade de impregnação no território, nos interessa vislumbrá-la como ferramenta física de composição urbana, capaz tanto de dar acesso e de gerar polaridade, de construir as redes de proximidade, e de fomentar o sentimento de identidade pelos seus usuários. A pesquisa aborda aspectos contemporâneos das transformações na periferia metropolitana no contexto do distrito do Jardim Ângela em São Paulo ao identifi car as especifi cidades próprias deste local em diferentes escalas. / The research studies the internal dynamics of suburban territories through the analysis of micromobility related to the implementation of regional transport infrastructure. This paper aims at demonstrating the values of micromobility networks as an informative source of the sociospatial dynamics contained in the informal territory and as a component of urban qualifi cation. These networks bring crucial data to the metropolitan planning about its internal functioning and the potentialities of articulation with larger scales of mobility. Mobility as a spatial network, with its own density and impregnation capacity in the territory, becomes a physical tool of urban composition, giving access and generating polarity to build proximity networks and to foster the sense of identity by its users. The research deals with contemporary aspects of the ongoing transformations in suburban district Jardim Ângela in São Paulo, identifying the specifi c characteristics of this area at diff erent scales.

Whilst it is recognised that the organisational career is still prevalent within today's career landscape, there is a lack of research exploring the career capital needed to ease intra-organisational transitions. This thesis reviews this gap and explores the career capital required by business leaders to facilitate their own voluntary, sideward or upward macro work role transitions. The research questions include: 1. What aspects of career capital facilitate such role transitions? 2. How and to what extent are these role moves supported by career capital? 3. What barriers inhibit such role transitions? 4. What are the implications for business leaders and organisations of these role transition experiences? Drawing upon an interpretivist research approach, with a social constructionist stance and using event-based narrative interviews, this study explores the experiences of 36 business leaders who have undertaken a role transition within a UK business within the previous three years. This case organisation operates within the construction sector and is part of an international establishment. This research study enhances our appreciation of career capital; it offers unique contributions to knowledge from theoretical, empirical and practice perspectives. By developing a new career capital theoretical framework, our understanding of the career capital aspects that ease organisational role transitions is deepened. Such findings reaffirm the relevance of context and emphasise the importance of the Bourdieusian notion of the field and symbolic capital. Moreover, the insights offered by this research study recognise the relevance of Bourdieu's capital convertibility within the context of career capital. Furthermore, this research study identifies new characteristics, including where career capital can: act as a barrier, overcome barriers, be eroded, be influenced by the role holder's levels of personal agency and organisational attachment, and connect together to increase impact. Conclusively, this research study confirms the relevance of career capital within transition management. Additionally, given the importance of transitions within career theories, career capital is an important concept for the career management field as a whole.

<p>The number of automobiles has been increased on the road in the past few years. Due to high density of vehicles, the potential threats and road accident is increasing. Wireless technology is aiming to equip technology in vehicles to reduce these factors by sending messages to each other.</p><p>The vehicular safety application should be thoroughly tested before it is deployed in a real world to use. Simulator tool has been preferred over out door experiment because it simple, easy and cheap. VANET requires that a traffic and network simulator should be used together to perform this test. Many tools exist for this purpose but most of them have the problem with the proper interaction. In this thesis, we aim at simulating vehicular networks with external stimulus to analyze its effect on wireless communication but to do this job a good simulator is also needed. So we will first debate on the shortcoming of current simulators and come up with our own recommendations to perform our simulation.</p>

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Tartu, 2006. / Thesis based on seven papers, three of which are not included. Includes bibliographical references.

This study was designed to identify factors related to the mobility of teachers in the Northwest Territories and Arctic Quebec, and to explore the relationships among dissatisfaction factors, demographic characteristics of teachers, and mobility. <p>To obtain the data, the Teacher Mobility Questionnaire was constructed and mailed to northern teachers and to some teachers who had left the north in the past two years. The questionnaire consisted of items suggested by the literature on teacher mobility and its causes, as well as items considered appropriate from the author's previous experience in northern Canada. <p>The study sample consisted of 32 former northern teachers and 238 teachers employed in schools of the Northwest Territories and Arctic Quebec at the time of the study. Totals represented a 36 per cent return of completed, acceptable questionnaires. <p> The major areas of study were: a description of northern teachers on the basis of demographic characteristics; an examination of the relationships among demographic variables and mobility; identification of factors related to teacher dissatisfaction; exploration of the relationships among dissatisfaction factors and mobility; and the suggestion of the existence of "unique" northern mobility factors. Statistical procedures used to test hypotheses included correlation coefficients techniques; one-way analyses of variance; and Newman-Keuls comparisons between ordered means. <p>It was found that in comparison to teachers of the four western provinces, those in the Northwest Territories were more likely to be: younger, males, married, originally from Saskatchewan or Ontario; holders of degrees (elementary teachers); at higher salary levels, and more mobile. <p>Over 10 years, the general character of the northern teaching staff showed a trend towards a higher proportion of older, married men with longer training, and employed at higher salaries. The two variables which showed no appreciable change were the length of pre- northern experience, and length of tenure in northern teaching. Both fluctuated between a median of one and two years between 1960 and 1970. Median years of northern experience of teachers in the study was 2.1 years. <p>It was found that the only demographic variables significantly related to mobility were: age, salary, position, and location of school. Although such characteristics as sex, marital status, and previous experience showed some degree of relationship to mobility, they failed to be significant factors. <p>Items from the questionnaire were classified into six dissatisfaction factors. The factors and mean dissatisfaction score for each were: Personal and Economic, 3.001; Working Conditions, 3.200; Recruitment and Orientation, 3.142; Organizational Relationships, 3.159; Adminis tration, 3.284; Achievement, 3.612. Total mean dissatisfaction score was 3.295. Responses were on a five-point scale from (1) dissatisfaction, (2) to satisfaction. Means indicated that respondents in the study expressed more satisfaction than dissatisfaction with those factors investigated. <p>Analysis of the relationship of dissatisfaction to demographic characteristics and mobility found that: females were more dissatisfied than males; younger teachers with fewer years in the north were more dissatisfied than slightly older teachers; primary teachers were more dissatisfied than principals, vice-principals and high school teachers; low salaried teachers were more dissatisfied than higher salaried teachers. <p> In general, the non-mobiles appeared to be less dissatisfied than those who had left the north or intended to do so at the end of the year. It was obvious, however, from the low level of significance found in the analyses performed that dissatisfaction factors as used in this study were not the major reason for teacher mobility in the Northwest Territories and Arctic Quebec. The study was able to suggest such "unique" northern mobility factors as: lack of access to universities; the feeling of impermanence inherent in the northern living situation; isolation from social and cultural life of the south; intentions of being itinerant; difficulties of relating to culturally different pupils and community members. <p>This study indicated a need for further examination of northern teacher mobility with a focus on those factors unique to the northern teaching and living situation.

The number of automobiles has been increased on the road in the past few years. Due to high density of vehicles, the potential threats and road accident is increasing. Wireless technology is aiming to equip technology in vehicles to reduce these factors by sending messages to each other. The vehicular safety application should be thoroughly tested before it is deployed in a real world to use. Simulator tool has been preferred over out door experiment because it simple, easy and cheap. VANET requires that a traffic and network simulator should be used together to perform this test. Many tools exist for this purpose but most of them have the problem with the proper interaction. In this thesis, we aim at simulating vehicular networks with external stimulus to analyze its effect on wireless communication but to do this job a good simulator is also needed. So we will first debate on the shortcoming of current simulators and come up with our own recommendations to perform our simulation.

This study was designed to identify factors related to the mobility of teachers in the Northwest Territories and Arctic Quebec, and to explore the relationships among dissatisfaction factors, demographic characteristics of teachers, and mobility. <p>To obtain the data, the Teacher Mobility Questionnaire was constructed and mailed to northern teachers and to some teachers who had left the north in the past two years. The questionnaire consisted of items suggested by the literature on teacher mobility and its causes, as well as items considered appropriate from the author's previous experience in northern Canada. <p>The study sample consisted of 32 former northern teachers and 238 teachers employed in schools of the Northwest Territories and Arctic Quebec at the time of the study. Totals represented a 36 per cent return of completed, acceptable questionnaires. <p> The major areas of study were: a description of northern teachers on the basis of demographic characteristics; an examination of the relationships among demographic variables and mobility; identification of factors related to teacher dissatisfaction; exploration of the relationships among dissatisfaction factors and mobility; and the suggestion of the existence of "unique" northern mobility factors. Statistical procedures used to test hypotheses included correlation coefficients techniques; one-way analyses of variance; and Newman-Keuls comparisons between ordered means. <p>It was found that in comparison to teachers of the four western provinces, those in the Northwest Territories were more likely to be: younger, males, married, originally from Saskatchewan or Ontario; holders of degrees (elementary teachers); at higher salary levels, and more mobile. <p>Over 10 years, the general character of the northern teaching staff showed a trend towards a higher proportion of older, married men with longer training, and employed at higher salaries. The two variables which showed no appreciable change were the length of pre- northern experience, and length of tenure in northern teaching. Both fluctuated between a median of one and two years between 1960 and 1970. Median years of northern experience of teachers in the study was 2.1 years. <p>It was found that the only demographic variables significantly related to mobility were: age, salary, position, and location of school. Although such characteristics as sex, marital status, and previous experience showed some degree of relationship to mobility, they failed to be significant factors. <p>Items from the questionnaire were classified into six dissatisfaction factors. The factors and mean dissatisfaction score for each were: Personal and Economic, 3.001; Working Conditions, 3.200; Recruitment and Orientation, 3.142; Organizational Relationships, 3.159; Adminis tration, 3.284; Achievement, 3.612. Total mean dissatisfaction score was 3.295. Responses were on a five-point scale from (1) dissatisfaction, (2) to satisfaction. Means indicated that respondents in the study expressed more satisfaction than dissatisfaction with those factors investigated. <p>Analysis of the relationship of dissatisfaction to demographic characteristics and mobility found that: females were more dissatisfied than males; younger teachers with fewer years in the north were more dissatisfied than slightly older teachers; primary teachers were more dissatisfied than principals, vice-principals and high school teachers; low salaried teachers were more dissatisfied than higher salaried teachers. <p> In general, the non-mobiles appeared to be less dissatisfied than those who had left the north or intended to do so at the end of the year. It was obvious, however, from the low level of significance found in the analyses performed that dissatisfaction factors as used in this study were not the major reason for teacher mobility in the Northwest Territories and Arctic Quebec. The study was able to suggest such "unique" northern mobility factors as: lack of access to universities; the feeling of impermanence inherent in the northern living situation; isolation from social and cultural life of the south; intentions of being itinerant; difficulties of relating to culturally different pupils and community members. <p>This study indicated a need for further examination of northern teacher mobility with a focus on those factors unique to the northern teaching and living situation.