Fundraising for higher education is a recent phenomenon in Uganda where the government has supported education for decades. Recent structural adjustment and liberalization policies mandated by the World Bank and the IMF and internal financial exigencies have necessitated funding diversification in higher education in Uganda and increased the need for private financial support. In developed countries like the United States, Canada, and increasingly, the United Kingdom, private support from alumni, individuals, corporations, and other stakeholders is a key component of higher education funding. This study used qualitative methodology and a holistic case study research design to explore the fundraising function at Makerere University. Tierney's organizational culture conceptual framework was used and data were collected through semi-structured interviews, an alumni questionnaire, document analysis, and observations. The findings include a governance and management structure that does not adequately support the fundraising function, strategies that are adapted to suit the Ugandan cultural context, perceptions of corruption and lack of transparency; and internal conflicts that limit communication and damage the image of the institution. The findings show that Makerere University is not strategically capitalizing on its position as the oldest and largest public university in Uganda and the region to mobilize private support. Reforms addressing the issues and seeking to enhance student and alumni experiences are contributing to fundraising success in various units. The reform efforts include transitioning to a collegiate system, procuring enterprise- wide financial and student services systems, faculty and staff sensitization, outreach and community engagement. The focus on the vision, mission and operationalizing the strategic plan presents an opportunity to dialogue with stakeholders and resonates with potential donors. The findings highlight a renewed spirit of resourcefulness that leverages old paradigms to integrate economic, cultural and social contexts to proffer innovative models of funding diversification.

From 1839 to 1911, Guangdong elites, including Qing officials in the province, local gentry, native intellectuals, and so on, made full use of popular culture for political mobilization of the populace. This study examines the relationships of these Guangdong elites with both the Qing state and the common folks in China and the Chinese diaspora from the new perspective of popular culture. To be specific, Guangdong elites of different backgrounds mobilized the populace in the province to resist the British invasion of Qing China during the Opium War, to revolt against the Qing court during the Taiping Rebellion across southern China, and to push for the pro-Qing reforms or anti-Qing revolutionary movements among domestic and overseas Chinese. In this process, popular culture materials like ballads, operas, and comics provided a critical propaganda tool for Guangdong elites to cooperate with, compete with, or confront the Qing government while influencing the common folks. Meanwhile, the populace also expressed their assent, dissent, and adaptation to the elite political mobilization, by creating eulogistic or satiric ballads and tales, or by selecting, adapting, and transmitting certain popular culture materials politicized by Guangdong elites. / Graduate / 2021-07-17

Bakgrund: Karpaltunnelsyndrom är den vanligaste typen av perifera nervinklämningar och orsakas av att medianusnerven blir klämd i karpaltunneln. De symtom som kännetecknar karpaltunnelsyndrom är nattliga domningar och smärta i hand och fingrar.  Syfte: Att undersöka effekt och evidens för nervmobilisering som behandling vid karpaltunnelsyndrom.  Metod: Sökningar genomfördes i databaserna PudMed, PEDro, CINAHL, AMED och Scopus med målet att identifiera randomiserade kontrollerade studier där nervmobilisering som behandling vid karpaltunnelsyndrom undersökts. Inkluderade artiklar kvalitetsgranskades enligt PEDro och de med hög kvalitet evidensgraderades enligt GRADEstud.  Resultat: Nio studier inkluderades i översikten. I alla studier observerades en positiv effekt av nervmobilisering avseende symtom och/eller funktion och en signifikant skillnad sågs mellan grupperna i 7 av 9 studier. Sex av nio studier hade hög kvalitet och tre hade låg kvalitet enligt PEDro-skalan. Evidensgraderingen visade att nervmobilisering som behandling vid karpaltunnelsyndrom har måttligt hög tillförlitlighet (+++). Små studier med få deltagare resulterade i ett poängs avdrag för bristande precision. Slutsats: Nervmobilisering tycks ge positiva effekter på funktion och symtom vid karpaltunnelsyndrom och har enligt GRADEstud måttligt hög tillförlitlighet. Nervmobilisering kan ge effekt även på lång sikt och kan minska behovet av operation men fler större studier med god kvalitet behövs för att kunna bekräfta detta. Nyckelord: Carpal tunnel syndrome, CTS, neural mobilization, nerve gliding / Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common type of peripheral neuropathy caused by compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. The condition is characterized by night time tingling and pain in the hand and fingers.  Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and evidence of neural mobilization as a treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome.  Methods: Searches were made in the databases PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, AMED and Scopus to try and find randomized controlled trials that investigated neural mobilization as treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome. All of the included articles were appraised by the PEDro-scale and the level of evidence was graded using GRADEstud.  Results: Nine studies were included in this review. In all of the included studies a positive effect could be seen by neural mobilization on symptoms and/or function with a significant difference between groups in seven out of the nine studies. Six out of the nine studies had high quality and three had low quality according to the PEDro-scale. The grading of evidence showed that neural mobilization as treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome has a moderately high level of evidence (+++). Few studies with few participants resulted in one point deduction for lack of precision. Conclusion: Neural mobilization could have positive effects on symptoms and function in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and has a moderately high level of evidence according to GRADEstud. Neural mobilization may have positive effects long term and could reduce need for surgery but more high quality research is needed to confirm this. Key words: Carpal tunnel syndrome, CTS, neural mobilization, nerve gliding.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis examines the motivations of the Woman’s Council of National Defense. It will examine how women in Indiana and Illinois organized their state and local councils of defense as they embraced home-front mobilization efforts. It will also show that Hoosier women, like women across the United States, became involved in World War One home-front mobilization, in part, to prove their responsibility to the government in order to make an irrefutable claim for suffrage. As a result of extensive home-front mobilization efforts by women, the government was able to fulfill its own agenda of creating a comprehensive record of its citizens, thus guaranteeing a roster of citizens eligible for future wartime mobilization. By examining the Child Welfare Committee and the Children’s Year in a broad view, this thesis supports the assertions of historians like Robert G. Barrows, William J. Breen, and Lynn Dumenil, who have shown how Progressive-minded women advanced Progressive reforms by embracing the war effort and using it to their own advantage.

Acid sulfate soils covers an area area about 600 km-2 along the coast line of Northern Sweden. These soils originate from land uplift and oxidized sulfide soils. The oxidation process releases sulfur and Fe(III) and will lower the pH-value and mobilize metals that will cause toxic environments for water living organisms. Concerns of how higher occurrence of extreme weather conditions will affect the mobilization of metals has occurred. Understanding of the mobilizations of metals in different catchment conditions is therefore important knowledge for preparation of risk analyzes to protect ecosystems from toxic effects. The aim of this study is to compare accumulation of metals in sediments from marine and limnic environments to investigate how lakes effects the mobilization of metals in catchments consisting of acid sulfate soil. Answering the questions of accumulation differences between the catchments and how organic matter affects the mobilization and accumulation of metals. Sediment cores were collected in two different catchment areas, known to be affected by acid sulfate soils, in Västerbotten county. 22 different elements were analyzed by x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and Loss-on-ignition (LOI) was used as a proxy for organic matter. The results indicate that draining of land areas, often due to agriculture and deforestation, increases mobilization and accumulation of metals correlated with both organic and lithogenic fractions to a large extent. However, elements such as S, Ni, Zn, Fe, Cu, Na, Mg, Al, Rb, Sr and Zr are derived from mobilization from acid sulfate soils where elements with high correlation with organic matter accumulates in limnic environment conditions.

This dissertation examines the factors that shape political participation and perceptions about political choice during and after conflict. Societies that experience civil war, and particularly ethnic civil war, are vulnerable to the “conflict trap,” meaning that they are likely to experience second or third wars based on tensions exacerbated by conflict. Existing literature on group mobilization in post-conflict societies and related scholarship predicts that factors like ethnic identity, income, and education best explain participation in political violence and likelihood of recurrence of civil war. However, countries often defy these predictors, and gaps remain in our understanding of how citizens participate in politics during conflict. This dissertation therefore seeks to answer the question: What explains citizens’ choices about political participation as they experience the turmoil conflict and post-conflict periods? To answer this question, this study draws upon the case of Burundi, a country that has hovered between post-conflict and conflict statuses since the conclusion of its recent civil war. I conduct qualitative analysis of 113 in-depth interviews collected across four provinces in Burundi, examining the variety of choices made in relation to political participation both during and after the war. I find that citizens’ choices about political participation are fluid, and heavily contingent upon their interpersonal connections, with specific contributions in three main areas. First, rebel and political groups’ identities hinge upon the values associated with narratives they use to garner legitimacy, more so than the division itself (be it political, ethnic, or otherwise). Second, interactions that take place between generations and within key social networks heavily influence patterns of political participation. These interactions explain the wide array of relationships to politics observed within subgroups (like youth and women), and provide a better understanding of how they take action. Last, in the post-conflict era, non-state actors influence the potential for conflict, simultaneously creating space for wider political participation and challenging state actors still interested in maintaining legitimacy. These findings challenge currently weak predictors of cyclical violence and the assumed mechanisms driving them, highlighting the prominence of social ties and roles that shape mobilization and political choice.

Thesis advisor: Ali Kadivar / Determining the empirical causes of recruitment to nationalist militant organizations is a pertinent topic, given the global rise in neo-nationalist attitudes. In this article, I seek to explore one prospective cause through a case study of the Kurds in Iran. The Kurdish population within Iran has witnessed rising levels of insurgency into militant nationalist organizations. These organizations routinely conduct armed operations against Iranian forces in historically Kurdish regions within Iran, with the goal of reclaiming territory and halting perceived inequitable treatment of the Kurdish minority by the Iranian government. My research intends to explore the root causes of this rise in violence and whether historical political mobilization within Kurdish-dominated regions of Iran has resulted in the increased Kurdish insurgency efforts. I employ an original database and three models to test the relationship between an area's mobilization history and its subsequent insurgency recruitment levels. Ultimately, my results point to contextual variables as the driving factor behind insurgency recruitment compared to the aforementioned historical variables. My research provides a foundation for future exploration into the historical causes of Kurdish insurgency in Iran. A more sophisticated approach to data collection may generate a wider pool of data from which further analysis may be conducted. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2021. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Sociology.

Background: Previous research has shown that entrepreneurship can foster regional development in countries as Kenya, that struggle with unemployment and a stagnating GDP. However, the topic of entrepreneurial ecosystems in Kenya, its configuration of actors, and the networks between them is insufficiently studied. Thus, exploring the conditions of the ecosystem within the technology sector and investigating how both female and male entrepreneurs can mobilize their networks to survive and thrive adds novelty to entrepreneurship research. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to understand what affects the success and failure of entrepreneurs in the Kenyan technology ecosystem. Furthermore, this paper aims to explore how entrepreneurs can mobilize their network to survive and thrive and therefore adds to research on the topic of network mobilization. Method: The chosen method for this qualitative study is a case-study approach, enabling a holistic case study on the conditions of the technology ecosystem and nested case studies to understand network mobilization efforts. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with both entrepreneurs as well as actors of the ecosystem. A thematic analysis was utilized to analyse the findings of the ecosystem followed by a comparative analysis that allowed us to identify similarities and differences between female and male entrepreneurs and their approach to utilize networks.  Conclusion: This study extends the existing research on entrepreneurial ecosystems by identifying enablers and obstacles in the Kenyan technology ecosystem. Especially community and kinship support were identified as an enabler for resources that the government or financial institutions fail to provide. Furthermore, the paper extends knowledge on network mobilization, with emphasis on a comparison between male and female entrepreneurs.

Muscle weakness is the most common and persistent problem after a critical illness. Early mobilization of the critically ill patient, beginning with passive exercise and progressing to ambulation, may mitigate muscle effects of the critical illness. However, mobilization may produce adverse effects, especially early in the illness when risk for physiologic deterioration is common. If safe, introducing a mobility intervention early in the illness may facilitate ventilator weaning, shorten intensive care unit and hospitals stays, and improve functional status and quality of life for mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. The aim of this study was assess the cardiopulmonary and inflammatory responses to an early standardized passive exercise protocol (PEP) in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Using a quasi-experimental within-subjects repeated measures design, mechanically ventilated critically ill adults who were physiologically stable received a single standardized PEP within 72 hours of intubation. The PEP consisted of 20 minutes of bilateral passive leg movement delivered by continuous passive motion machines at a rate of 20 repetitions per minute, from 5-75 degrees, to simulate very slow walking. Physiologic parameters evaluated included heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP), oxygen saturation, and cytokine levels (IL-6 and IL-10), obtained before, during, and after the intervention. The Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS), administered before, during and after the intervention was used as a measure of participant comfort. The study sample was comprised of 18 (60%) males and 12 (40%) females, with a mean age of 56.5 years (SD 16.9 years), who were primarily Caucasian (N=18, 64%). Mean APACHE II scores for the sample were 23.8 (SD 6.2) with a mean predicted death rate of 48.8 (SD 19.8), indicating moderate mortality risk related to illness severity. Number of comorbidities ranged iv from 1-10 (X=4). All participants completed the intervention with no adverse events. Using repeated measures analysis of variance (rmANOVA), no significant differences were found in HR, MBP, or oxygen saturation at any of the four time points in comparison to baseline. BPS scores were significantly reduced (F(2.43, 70.42)=4.08, p=.02) at 5 and 10 minutes after the PEP was started, and were sustained at 20 minutes and for one hour after the PEP was completed. IL-6 was significantly reduced (F(1.60, 43.1)=4.351, p=.03) at the end of the intervention but not at the end of the final rest period. IL-10 values were not significantly different at any of the three time points, but IL-6 to IL-10 ratios did decrease significantly (F(1.61, 43.38)=3.42, p=.05) at the end of the PEP and again after a 60 minute rest period. Passive leg exercise was well tolerated by study participants. HR, MBP, and oxygen saturation were maintained within order set-specified ranges during and for one hour after activity, and patient comfort improved during and after the intervention. A downward trend in HR was noted in participants, which is contrary to usual HR response during exercise, and may represent clinical improvement in this population related to reduction in pain. Reduction of mean IL-6 values at the end of the PEP, but not after the rest period, suggests that the PEP was responsible for the initial IL-6 improvement. Improvement of IL-6 to IL-10 ratios from the end of the PEP to the end of the final rest period suggests that IL-10, although non-significant, may have had some effect, indicating that IL-10 increases may occur later than the time period of study. Passive exercise can be used as an approach to facilitating mobilization in mechanically ventilated critically ill adults until they are ready to participate in more active exercise. It could be that more frequent and aggressive exercise, such as passive cycling at faster rates, four times daily, will be tolerated in this population. While the understanding of clinical significance of cytokine profiles in critically ill patients is still evolving, cytokine levels may be useful in v explaining benefits of mobilization in this population. Further study is required to replicate the impact of passive exercise on pain, and it may represent a novel approach to pain management in critically ill patients.

This dissertation is a study of a social movement based on the organizations that define that movement, with specific attention to Christian conservative legal organizations (CCLOs) and their advocacy for the Christian Right in American politics. I ask, how do these organizations differ from one another in their advocacy efforts? How is this movement industry structured with respect to organizational networks? And how do the differences and variation among these organizations affect the dynamics among these groups? That is, how do organizations interact in the confines of a shared movement? This study addresses the literatures on law and society, religion and politics, and social movements, acting as a bridge between these distinct areas of inquiry. Using social network analysis, qualitative content analysis, and original interviews with movement attorneys, I find that CCLOs differ in their behaviors in their industry of activism and in their interaction with other CCLOs. I further argue that these behaviors are best understood in terms of unique organizational characteristics like structure, expertise, and relations with other groups. I conclude that organizations bearing surface similarities to one another can actually differ in meaningful ways, ways that facilitate and drive interaction among these groups in their shared movement and movement industry.