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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
211

Modelling and Fault Detection of an Overhead Travelling Crane System

Sjöberg, Ingrid January 2018 (has links)
Hoists and cranes exist in many contexts around the world, often carrying veryheavy loads. The safety for the user and bystanders is of utmost importance. Thisthesis investigates whether it is possible to perform fault detection on a systemlevel, measuring the inputs and outputs of the system without introducing newsensors. The possibility of detecting dangerous faults while letting safe faultspass is also examined.A mathematical greybox model is developed and the unknown parametersare estimated using data from a labscale test crane. Validation is then performedwith other datasets to check the accuracy of the model. A linear observer of thesystem states is created using the model. Simulated fault injections are made,and different fault detection methods are applied to the residuals created withthe observer. The results show that dangerous faults in the system or the sensorsthemselves are detectable, while safe faults are disregarded in many cases.The idea of performing model-based fault detection from a system point ofview shows potential, and continued investigation is recommended.
212

Model-based Testing of supporting testing of PAC based controlling systems in industrial plants - A case study in printing plants

Fu, Jiangbiao, Song, Jiaqi January 2018 (has links)
Context. Testing is a very critical process to evaluate whether a related function is correctly implemented in the control system. There is an upward trend to using PAC based control system in the automation production context. However, currently, most testing of PAC based controlling system is in manual testing, which has low efficiency and high complexity. Furthermore, there has been little research on the systematic testing of PAC in an industry environment. Objectives. Due to this problem, this study is to investigate whether a model-based testing method can overcome the challenge of manual testing and improve the testing effectiveness in PAC based controlling system. Methods. We use three steps to achieve the objective, and the first one is to implement a systematic mapping study to find existing model-based testing method that is using in the industrial area, what the process and the context. The second one is to implement a case study in a printing house, to see what the real challenge of manual testing, the third one is to find if exist MBT method could be used under such context to overcome challenges. Results. Through mapping study and case study, we found there are many testing methods and implement under diverse context, but none of them focus on the PAC based controlling system. And we found there exist MBT that also can be used in PAC based controlling system to mitigate some manual testing challenges. Conclusions. In our thesis, we implement a mapping study from 38 papers to collect data for existing model-based testing methods to have a deep understanding of this area. We found there are five main contexts that MBT are usually being used and we extract implement process and advantages and disadvantages for MBT methods which value to practitioners and researchers. And we conducted a case study in a printing house in Switzerland to observe the challenges of manual testing of PAC based controlling system. We found one exist MBT method that can be used in our context that makes the test case generation step more effective. And we proposed a simulation testing model that hopefully can address all the manual testing challenges by combined with the exist MBT method.
213

Investigation of Test Case Prioritization for Model-Based Testing

OURIQUES, João Felipe Silva. 10 September 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-10T23:01:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOÃO FELIPE SILVA OURIQUES – TESE (PPGCC) 2017.pdf: 1146873 bytes, checksum: ad9b0dc8f44c3aa49b2d3201dca79589 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-10T23:01:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOÃO FELIPE SILVA OURIQUES – TESE (PPGCC) 2017.pdf: 1146873 bytes, checksum: ad9b0dc8f44c3aa49b2d3201dca79589 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-12 / CNPq / Teste de Software é uma tarefa cara dentre as de Verificação de Validação. No entanto, ainda é a mais utilizada para medir a qualidade de sistemas em desenvolvimento. No Teste Baseado em Modelo (TBM), casos de teste são gerados automaticamente de modelos de sistema, o que reduz tempo e custos. Por outro lado, frequentemente o tamanho das suites de teste geradas leva a uma execução completa inviável. Assim, algumas abordagens são usadas para lidar com os custos da execução dos casos de teste: Seleção de Casos de Teste, Minimização de suítes de teste e Priorização de Casos de Teste (PCT). Com a finalidade de melhorar o consumo de recursos durante o teste no nível de sistema, ao mesmo tempo não eliminando casos de teste no processo, nós exploramos a PCT neste trabalho. Nesta pesquisa de doutorado abordamos o problema de propor uma nova ordem de execução para casos de teste de sistema, especificamente os gerados através de abordagens de TBM, considerando que informação histórica não está disponível para guiar este processo. Como primeiro passo, avaliamos as técnicas atuais no nosso contexto de pesquisa, com a finalidade de avaliar suas caracteristicas. Baseado nisto, propomos duas técnicas de PCT: HARP e CRISPy. A primeira usa indicações de membros do time de desenvolvimento sobre porções suscetíveis a erros (as ditas dicas), como guia para a priorização; a segunda cria clusters de casos de teste com a finalidade de adicionar variabilidade a priorização. HARP se baseia na estratégia aleatórioadaptativa e explora casos de teste que cobrem passos relacionados às dicas. Para validá-la, executamos dois estudos empíricos e deles, concluimos que, com dicas boas, HARP é capaz de sugerir sequências de casos de teste efetivas, mas é necessário evitar situações em que as dicas não são consensuais entre os membros do time de desenvolvimento. Por outro lado, propomos CRISPy para complementar HARP. Para validá-la, realizamos três estudos empíricos e, mesmo sendo uma técnica simples de clustering, já consegue propor sequências de casos de teste efetivas em comparação as outras técnicas investigadas. Além disso, a depender dos tipos de casos de teste considerados, a escolha de uma função de distância adequada pode ser um passo de adequação da técnica. Detalhamos a implementação de todas as técnicas propostas e publicamos todos os artefatos relacionados aos estudos empíricos realizados em uma página web, o que permite a reprodução dos nossos resultados. / Software Testing is an expensive and laborious task among the Verification and Validation ones. Nevertheless testing is still the main way of assessing the quality of systems under development. In Model-Based Testing (MBT), test cases are generated automatically from system models, which provides time and cost reduction. On the other hand, frequently the size of the generated test suites leads to an unfeasible complete execution. Therefore, some approaches are used to deal with the costs involved in the test case execution, for example: Test Case Selection, Test Suite Reduction and the Test Case Prioritization (TCP). In order to improve resource consumption during system level testing, whereas not eliminating test cases, we explore TCP in our work. In this doctorate research we address the general problem of proposing a new order for the execution of system level test cases, specifically the ones generated through MBT approaches and considering that historical information is not available to guide this process. As a first step, we evaluate current techniques in this context, aiming at assessing their strengths and weaknesses. Based on these results, we propose two TCP techniques: HARP and CRISPy. The former uses indications (hints) provided by development team members regarding error prone portions of the system under test, as guidance for prioritization; the latter clusters test cases in order to add variability to the prioritization. HARP is based on the adaptive random strategy and explore test cases that cover steps related to the hints. To validate it, we perform two studies and from them we conclude that, with good hints, HARP can suggest effective prioritized test suites, provided that one avoid situations that the hints are not consensual in the development team. On the other hand, we propose CRISPy to complement HARP, i.e. to apply it when HARP is not indicated. To validate it we perform three studies and, even being a simple clustering technique, it already proposes effective prioritized test suites in comparison to current TCP techniques. Besides, depending on the kind of the test suites, choosing an adequate distance function could be a tuning step. We detail the implementation of all investigated and proposed techniques, and publish the artifacts related to the performed empirical studies in a companion site, enabling researchers to verify and reproduce our findings.
214

Estudo e controle de robôs bracejadores subatuados

Oliveira, Vinicius Menezes de January 2008 (has links)
À medida que se apresentam grandes avanços tecnológicos nas áreas de instrumentação, controle e acionamento, se torna cada vez mais difundida a utilização de sistemas robóticos para a execução dos mais variados tipos de tarefas, como na exploração de petróleo ou mesmo no transporte de cargas. Desse modo, diversas são as situações em que se torna necessário o uso de sistemas subatuados, despertando o interesse da comunidade científica, quer seja pela variadas situações em que se pode utilizar esse tipo de robô ou mesmo pelo desafio que se apresenta o desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle de tais sistemas. Nesta tese propõe-se um modelo de robô bracejador, juntamente com o desenvolvimento dos modelos matemáticos que descrevem o comportamento cinemático e dinâmico desse robô e a respectiva análise desses modelos. Além disso, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma estrutura de controle em malha fechada que seja capaz de fazer com que o robô se desloque ao longo de uma linha horizontal. Diferentes estratégias de controle já foram apresentadas para o controle de robôs bracejadores, mas, em sua maioria, possuem limitações quanto ao tipo de bracejamento que o robô pode executar, além de não considerarem nenhuma restrição no sistema. Dessa maneira, emprega-se a estratégia de controle preditivo, com horizonte de predição deslizante, a qual permite que, para o cálculo da lei de controle, sejam consideradas restrições às variáveis de estado e de entrada durante a solução do problema de otimização. A partir da definição do objetivo e da abordagem de controle a ser utilizada, várias simulações são realizadas com o intuito de validar a aplicação do controlador preditivo para o controle do robô bracejador, sendo o robô capaz de executar diferentes tipos de bracejamento (tanto bracejamento único quanto bracejamento contínuo, do tipo underswing e over hand) ao longo da linha de sustentação. São desenvolvidas duas versões para o controlador proposto, uma baseada em modelo não-linear da dinâmica para ser utilizado no horizonte de predição e outra considerando uma versão linearizada para o modelo da dinâmica. Os resultados obtidos pelas diferentes simulações mostram que a solução proposta para o problema de movimentar o robô bracejador atingiu seus objetivos de modo bastante eficiente, possiblitando, inclusive, a realização de simulações que atendessem a requisitos de tempo real. / As we are observing, the fast technological development in the fields of instrumentation, control and actuation are increasing the employment of robotic systems for the execution of a large variety of tasks, for example, oil exploration or load transportation. In this way, there are many situations where it is necessary to use underactuated systems, which are getting attention of the scientific community due to the different applications of underactuated robots or even due to the challenge to design control strategies for such systems. In this thesis we propose a brachiation robot model, with the derivation of mathematical models for its kinematics and dynamics and analyse such models. Moreover, the aim of this work is to propose a closed loop control architecture that will drive the robot to move along the horizontal line. Many different control schemes have already been proposed in the literature to control brachiation robots, however, most of such schemes are limited concerning the way the robot executes the brachiation movement. Moreover those control strategies are not able to deal with constraints on the state and/or control variables. Thus, we present in this thesis a control scheme based on the predictive control strategy, with receding horizon, which can take into account such constraints during the solution of the optimization problem for the control input computation. After defining the task to be executed and the control strategy to be used, we have simulated different situations of the robot aiming the validation the employment of the predictive control approach for the brachiation robot. The robot is able to execute different types of brachiation (only one cicle or continuously motion, with under-swing and over hand motion) along the supporting line. We have developed two versions to the proposed controller, the first one considering a nonlinear dynamic model during the prediction horizong and the second considering a linearized dynamic model for prediction. The results from the different simulation show that the solution presented in this work for the brachiation robot motion was successful, making the robot able to move from one position to a forwarded position in the line. Furthermore, simulations have indicated the overall system can be executed under real time requirements.
215

Localização de canais afetando o desempenho de controladores preditivos baseados em modelos

Claro, Érica Rejane Pereira January 2016 (has links)
O escopo desta dissertação é o desenvolvimento de um método para detectar os modelos da matriz dinâmica que estejam degradando o desempenho de controladores preditivos baseados em modelos. O método proposto se baseia na análise de correlação cruzada entre o erro nominal do controlador em malha fechada e a uma estimativa da contribuição de cada canal para o cálculo da saída, filtrada pela função de sensibilidade do controlador. Esse método pode ser empregado na auditoria de controladores com variáveis controladas em setpoints e/ou com variáveis que operem entre faixas, como é usual de se encontrar na indústria. Esta dissertação apresenta os resultados da aplicação bem sucedida do método no sistema de quatro tanques (JOHANSSON, 2000), para o qual três cenários foram avaliados. No primeiro cenário, o método localizou corretamente discrepâncias de ganho e de dinâmica de modelos de um controlador preditivo baseado em modelos (Model-based Predictive Controller, ou controlador MPC). No segundo, o método foi utilizado para avaliar a influência de uma variável externa para melhorar o desempenho de um controlador afetado por distúrbios não medidos. No terceiro cenário, o método localizou canais com modelos nulos que deveriam ser incluídos na matriz de controle de um controlador MPC de estrutura descentralizada. Os resultados deste estudo de caso foram comparados com aqueles obtidos pelo método proposto por BADWE, GUDI e PATWARDHAN (2009), constatando-se que o método proposto é mais robusto que o método usado na comparação, não demandando ajustes de parâmetros por parte do usuário para fornecer bons resultados. A dissertação inclui também um estudo de caso da aplicação industrial do método na auditoria de desempenho de um controlador preditivo linear de estrutura descentralizada, com doze variáveis controladas, oito manipuladas e quatro distúrbios não medidos, aplicado a um sistema de fracionamento de propeno e propano em uma indústria petroquímica. A auditoria permitiu reduzir o escopo de revisão do controlador a dezenove canais da matriz, sendo que quatorze destes correspondiam a canais com modelos nulos que deveriam ser incluídos na matriz. A eficácia do método foi comprovada repetindo-se a avaliação da qualidade de modelo para todas as variáveis controladas. / The scope of this dissertation is the development of a method to detect the models of the dynamic matrix that are affecting the performance of model-based predictive controllers. The proposed method is based on the cross correlation analysis between the nominal controller error and an estimate of the contribution of each channel to the controller output, filtered by the controller nominal sensitivity function. The method can be used in the performance assessment of controllers employing variables controlled at the setpoint and/or those controlled within ranges. This dissertation presents the results of the successful application of the method to the quadruple-tank process (JOHANSSON, 2000), for which three scenarios were evaluated. In the first scenario, the method correctly located gain and dynamic mismatches on a model-based predictive controller (MPC controller). In the second one, the method was used to evaluate the influence of an external variable to improve the performance of a controller affected by unmeasured disturbances. In the third scenario, the method located null models that should be included in the dynamic matrix of a decentralized MPC controller. The results of the three scenarios were compared with the ones obtained through the method proposed by BADWE, GUDI e PATWARDHAN (2009). The proposed method was considered more robust than the reference one for not requiring parameters estimation performed by the user to provide good results. This dissertation also includes a case study about the application of the method on the performance assessment of an industrial linear predictive controller of decentralized structure. The controller has twelve controlled variables, eight manipulated variables, and four unmeasured disturbances and is applied to a propylene-propane fractionation system of a petrochemical industry. The performance assessment allowed reducing the scope of the controller revision to nineteen channels of the models matrix, fourteen of which were null models that should be included in the controller. The efficacy of the proposed method was confirmed by repeating the model quality evaluation for all the controlled variables.
216

Comparação entre método centrado em documentos e de engenharia de sistemas baseada em modelos

Scheeren, Ismael January 2013 (has links)
Na busca de maior flexibilidade, agilidade, reuso e consequente redução de custos, esforços tem sido direcionados no sentido de desenvolver métodos e ferramentas de engenharia de sistemas baseados em modelos. Apesar dos avanços recentes, as tecnologias disponíveis ainda despertam dúvidas em relação à sua aplicação prática e seus benefícios. Os maiores obstáculos estão contidos na dificuldade da integração entre ferramentas e troca de informações entre artefatos de diferentes disciplinas. Com o objetivo de comparar a Engenharia Centrado em Documentação (ferramentas CAx) com a Engenharia de Sistemas Baseada em Modelos (MBSE), esse trabalho utilizou um domínio industrial real para extrair, analisar e comparar dados quantitativos e qualitativos do projeto de engenharia. Foi desenvolvido um método de engenharia baseada em modelos com o uso da ferramenta Eclipse para a comparação com o método de engenharia vigente. A linguagem ModelicaML foi utilizada para criar os modelos abstratos enquanto que a ferramenta COMOS® da Siemens® foi utilizada para a realização dos artefatos técnicos multidisciplinares do domínio em estudo. O software OpenModelica foi utilizado para simular o comportamento do sistema a partir da transformação do modelo abstrato para código Modelica com o uso de software escrito em Java. Os dados de engenharia e de gerenciamento do projeto do Sistema de Circulação de Água foram disponibilizados pela General Electric Inspection Technologies GmbH e foram utilizados para a comparação entre os dois métodos analisados. Os testes demonstraram que as ferramentas MBSE necessitam de refinamento, principalmente quando conectam os modelos abstratos às plataformas de execução de projetos. Em contrapartida, MBSE se mostrou uma excelente ferramenta na comunicação entre equipes multidisciplinares, pois proporciona uma linguagem de representação de sistemas abstrata e abrangente. A interligação dos modelos abstratos desenvolvidos em ModelicaML com a plataforma de simulação usando linguagem Modelica foi fundamental na análise e melhor compreensão dos fenômenos envolvidos no processo técnico propiciando um importante avanço na antecipação da detecção de erros em projetos de sistemas de automação. / Achieving more flexibility, agility, reuse and consequently cost reduction in scope of Systems Engineering is an industrial need. In that sense, efforts have been driven to develop Model-Based Systems Engineering tools and methods. Despite of recent progress, there are still doubts in terms of the practical use and benefits. The main issues are related to tool integration and exchange of information between multidisciplinary artifacts. This project is intended to compare Document-Based Engineering (CAx tools) and Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) in scope of Industrial Automation using a real domain. Therefore, a MBSE methodology was developed centered on the Eclipse tool. The ModelicaML language was used to perform abstract modeling while COMOS® from Siemens® was used to develop the multidisciplinary artifacts necessary for the domain under investigation. Furthermore, the OpenModelica environment was used to simulate system and component behavior using object codes generated by a Java tool from the abstract models. The engineering and project management data of the Water Circulation System were made available by General Electric Inspection Technologies GmbH, which served as the case study for this comparison. Tests have shown that the tools involved on this investigation still need further development concerning maturity and exchange of information from abstract models down to domain models. On the other hand, MBSE has proven to be an important tool to match different team approaches and concerns helping on communication using conceptual-wide and abstract symbols. Connecting abstract models from ModelicaML to a simulation environment using Modelica language have been proven to be an important approach to better understand systems behavior and provided an analysis environment for early detection of errors and failures.
217

Estudo e controle de robôs bracejadores subatuados

Oliveira, Vinicius Menezes de January 2008 (has links)
À medida que se apresentam grandes avanços tecnológicos nas áreas de instrumentação, controle e acionamento, se torna cada vez mais difundida a utilização de sistemas robóticos para a execução dos mais variados tipos de tarefas, como na exploração de petróleo ou mesmo no transporte de cargas. Desse modo, diversas são as situações em que se torna necessário o uso de sistemas subatuados, despertando o interesse da comunidade científica, quer seja pela variadas situações em que se pode utilizar esse tipo de robô ou mesmo pelo desafio que se apresenta o desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle de tais sistemas. Nesta tese propõe-se um modelo de robô bracejador, juntamente com o desenvolvimento dos modelos matemáticos que descrevem o comportamento cinemático e dinâmico desse robô e a respectiva análise desses modelos. Além disso, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma estrutura de controle em malha fechada que seja capaz de fazer com que o robô se desloque ao longo de uma linha horizontal. Diferentes estratégias de controle já foram apresentadas para o controle de robôs bracejadores, mas, em sua maioria, possuem limitações quanto ao tipo de bracejamento que o robô pode executar, além de não considerarem nenhuma restrição no sistema. Dessa maneira, emprega-se a estratégia de controle preditivo, com horizonte de predição deslizante, a qual permite que, para o cálculo da lei de controle, sejam consideradas restrições às variáveis de estado e de entrada durante a solução do problema de otimização. A partir da definição do objetivo e da abordagem de controle a ser utilizada, várias simulações são realizadas com o intuito de validar a aplicação do controlador preditivo para o controle do robô bracejador, sendo o robô capaz de executar diferentes tipos de bracejamento (tanto bracejamento único quanto bracejamento contínuo, do tipo underswing e over hand) ao longo da linha de sustentação. São desenvolvidas duas versões para o controlador proposto, uma baseada em modelo não-linear da dinâmica para ser utilizado no horizonte de predição e outra considerando uma versão linearizada para o modelo da dinâmica. Os resultados obtidos pelas diferentes simulações mostram que a solução proposta para o problema de movimentar o robô bracejador atingiu seus objetivos de modo bastante eficiente, possiblitando, inclusive, a realização de simulações que atendessem a requisitos de tempo real. / As we are observing, the fast technological development in the fields of instrumentation, control and actuation are increasing the employment of robotic systems for the execution of a large variety of tasks, for example, oil exploration or load transportation. In this way, there are many situations where it is necessary to use underactuated systems, which are getting attention of the scientific community due to the different applications of underactuated robots or even due to the challenge to design control strategies for such systems. In this thesis we propose a brachiation robot model, with the derivation of mathematical models for its kinematics and dynamics and analyse such models. Moreover, the aim of this work is to propose a closed loop control architecture that will drive the robot to move along the horizontal line. Many different control schemes have already been proposed in the literature to control brachiation robots, however, most of such schemes are limited concerning the way the robot executes the brachiation movement. Moreover those control strategies are not able to deal with constraints on the state and/or control variables. Thus, we present in this thesis a control scheme based on the predictive control strategy, with receding horizon, which can take into account such constraints during the solution of the optimization problem for the control input computation. After defining the task to be executed and the control strategy to be used, we have simulated different situations of the robot aiming the validation the employment of the predictive control approach for the brachiation robot. The robot is able to execute different types of brachiation (only one cicle or continuously motion, with under-swing and over hand motion) along the supporting line. We have developed two versions to the proposed controller, the first one considering a nonlinear dynamic model during the prediction horizong and the second considering a linearized dynamic model for prediction. The results from the different simulation show that the solution presented in this work for the brachiation robot motion was successful, making the robot able to move from one position to a forwarded position in the line. Furthermore, simulations have indicated the overall system can be executed under real time requirements.
218

Fuzzy Logic Based Driving Pattern Recognition for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management

January 2015 (has links)
abstract: For years the automotive industry has been shifting towards hybridization and electrification of conventional powertrains due to increase in fossil fuel cost and environmental impact due heavy emission of Green House Gases (GHG) and various pollutants into atmosphere by combustion engine powered vehicles. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) have proved to achieve superior fuel economy and reduced emissions. Supervisory control strategies determining the power split among various onboard power sources are evolving with time, providing better fuel economies. With increasing complexity of control systems driving HEV’s, mathematical modeling and simulation tools have become extremely advanced and have derived whole industry into adopting Model Based Design (MBD) and Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) techniques to validate the performance of HEV systems in real world. This report will present a systematic mythology where MBD techniques are used to develop hybrid powertrain, supervisory control strategies and control systems. To validate the effectiveness of various energy management strategies for HEV energy management in a real world scenario, Conventional rule-based power split strategies are compared against advanced Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS), in software and HIL environment. Since effective utilization of the fuel reduction potential of a HEV powertrain requires a careful design of the energy management control methodology, an advanced ECMS strategy involving implementation with Fuzzy Logic to reduce computational overload has been proposed. Conventional real-time implementation of ECMS based strategy is difficult due to the involvement of heavy computation. Methods like Fuzzy Logic based estimation can be used to reduce this computational overload. Real-time energy management is obtained by adding a Fuzzy Logic based on-the-fly algorithm for the estimation of driving profile and adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) framework. The control strategy is implemented to function without any prior knowledge of the future driving conditions. The idea is to periodically refresh the energy management strategy according to the estimated driving pattern, so that the Battery State of Charge (SOC) is maintained within the boundaries and the equivalent fuel consumption is minimized. The performance of the presented Fuzzy Logic based adaptive control strategy utilizing driving pattern recognition is benchmarked using a Dynamic Programming based global optimization approach. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Engineering 2015
219

Workflow Management Using Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Prefabrication in a Construction Retrofit Environment

January 2016 (has links)
abstract: The semiconductor manufacturing business model provides unique challenges for the design and construction of supporting fabrication facilities. To accommodate the latest semiconductor processes and technologies, manufacturing facilities are constantly re-tooled and upgraded. Common to this sector of construction is the retrofit project environment. This type of construction project introduces a multitude of existing conditions constraints and functions entirely differently than traditional new-build projects. This facility conversion process is further constrained by owner needs for continuous manufacturing operations and a compressed design/construction schedule to meet first-to-market milestones. To better control the variables within this project environment, Building Information Modeling (BIM) workflows are being explored and introduced into this project typology. The construction supply-chain has also increased their focus on offsite construction techniques to prefabricate components in a controlled environment. The goal is to overlap construction timelines and improve the productivity of workers to meet the increasingly demanding schedules and to reduce on-site congestion. Limited studies exist with regards to the manufacturing retrofit construction environment, particularly when focusing on the effectiveness of BIM and prefabrication workflows. This study fills the gap by studying labor time utilization rates for Building Information Modeling workflows for prefabrication of MEP (mechanical/electrical/plumbing) and process piping equipment in a retrofit construction environment. A semiconductor manufacturing facility serves as a case-study for this research in which the current state process for utilizing BIM for prefabrication is mapped and analyzed. Labor time utilization is studied through direct observation in relation to the current state modeling process. Qualitative analysis of workflows and quantitative analysis of labor time utilization rates provide workflow interventions which are implemented and compared against the current state modeling process. This research utilizes a mixed-method approach to explore the hypothesis that reliable/trusted geometry is the most important component for successful implementation of a BIM for prefabrication workflow in a retrofit environment. The end product of this research is the development of a prefaBIM framework for the introduction of a dynamic modeling process for retrofit prefabrication which forms the basis for a model-based delivery system for retrofit prefabrication. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Construction 2016
220

Localização de canais afetando o desempenho de controladores preditivos baseados em modelos

Claro, Érica Rejane Pereira January 2016 (has links)
O escopo desta dissertação é o desenvolvimento de um método para detectar os modelos da matriz dinâmica que estejam degradando o desempenho de controladores preditivos baseados em modelos. O método proposto se baseia na análise de correlação cruzada entre o erro nominal do controlador em malha fechada e a uma estimativa da contribuição de cada canal para o cálculo da saída, filtrada pela função de sensibilidade do controlador. Esse método pode ser empregado na auditoria de controladores com variáveis controladas em setpoints e/ou com variáveis que operem entre faixas, como é usual de se encontrar na indústria. Esta dissertação apresenta os resultados da aplicação bem sucedida do método no sistema de quatro tanques (JOHANSSON, 2000), para o qual três cenários foram avaliados. No primeiro cenário, o método localizou corretamente discrepâncias de ganho e de dinâmica de modelos de um controlador preditivo baseado em modelos (Model-based Predictive Controller, ou controlador MPC). No segundo, o método foi utilizado para avaliar a influência de uma variável externa para melhorar o desempenho de um controlador afetado por distúrbios não medidos. No terceiro cenário, o método localizou canais com modelos nulos que deveriam ser incluídos na matriz de controle de um controlador MPC de estrutura descentralizada. Os resultados deste estudo de caso foram comparados com aqueles obtidos pelo método proposto por BADWE, GUDI e PATWARDHAN (2009), constatando-se que o método proposto é mais robusto que o método usado na comparação, não demandando ajustes de parâmetros por parte do usuário para fornecer bons resultados. A dissertação inclui também um estudo de caso da aplicação industrial do método na auditoria de desempenho de um controlador preditivo linear de estrutura descentralizada, com doze variáveis controladas, oito manipuladas e quatro distúrbios não medidos, aplicado a um sistema de fracionamento de propeno e propano em uma indústria petroquímica. A auditoria permitiu reduzir o escopo de revisão do controlador a dezenove canais da matriz, sendo que quatorze destes correspondiam a canais com modelos nulos que deveriam ser incluídos na matriz. A eficácia do método foi comprovada repetindo-se a avaliação da qualidade de modelo para todas as variáveis controladas. / The scope of this dissertation is the development of a method to detect the models of the dynamic matrix that are affecting the performance of model-based predictive controllers. The proposed method is based on the cross correlation analysis between the nominal controller error and an estimate of the contribution of each channel to the controller output, filtered by the controller nominal sensitivity function. The method can be used in the performance assessment of controllers employing variables controlled at the setpoint and/or those controlled within ranges. This dissertation presents the results of the successful application of the method to the quadruple-tank process (JOHANSSON, 2000), for which three scenarios were evaluated. In the first scenario, the method correctly located gain and dynamic mismatches on a model-based predictive controller (MPC controller). In the second one, the method was used to evaluate the influence of an external variable to improve the performance of a controller affected by unmeasured disturbances. In the third scenario, the method located null models that should be included in the dynamic matrix of a decentralized MPC controller. The results of the three scenarios were compared with the ones obtained through the method proposed by BADWE, GUDI e PATWARDHAN (2009). The proposed method was considered more robust than the reference one for not requiring parameters estimation performed by the user to provide good results. This dissertation also includes a case study about the application of the method on the performance assessment of an industrial linear predictive controller of decentralized structure. The controller has twelve controlled variables, eight manipulated variables, and four unmeasured disturbances and is applied to a propylene-propane fractionation system of a petrochemical industry. The performance assessment allowed reducing the scope of the controller revision to nineteen channels of the models matrix, fourteen of which were null models that should be included in the controller. The efficacy of the proposed method was confirmed by repeating the model quality evaluation for all the controlled variables.

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