A reutilização de software busca aumentar a qualidade e produtividade no desenvolvimento de software, evitando a duplicação do esforço e reaproveitando o máximo possível das experiências de projetos passados. Apesar de simples, esta idéia não é facilmente colocada em prática, principalmente de maneira sistemática e controlada. Técnicas de engenharia de domínio e linhas de produtos de software buscam facilitar esta tarefa, porém ainda existem outros fatores que dificultam a adoção da prática da reutilização. Entre estes, destacam-se os problemas inerentes ao desenvolvimento de software da maneira como é conduzido atualmente, baseado em código-fonte. Estes problemas têm suas origens na crescente demanda por software cada vez mais complexo e afetam negativamente a capacidade de reutilizar software. O desenvolvimento orientado a modelos surge como uma alternativa atraente neste cenário, elevando a importância de modelos dentro do ciclo de vida do software, incorporando-os como parte integrante do produto final por meio de técnicas de modelagem e geração de código. Com isto, parte da complexidade do software fica escondida dentro dos geradores, protegendo os desenvolvedores, reduzindo a incidência de erros, aumentando a produtividade, qualidade, interoperabilidade e manutenibilidade dos artefatos produzidos. Nesta dissertação defende-se a tese de que o desenvolvimento orientado a modelos pode efetivamente aumentar e/ou melhorar a reutilização de software, e que para isso ela deve ser tratada de forma consistente dentro de um processo de engenharia de domínio. Para demonstrar esta tese, é apresentada uma abordagem orientada a modelos para reutilização de software, com atividades que guiam o desenvolvedor durante a análise, projeto e implementação do domínio. São também apresentados os resultados de uma avaliação envolvendo três estudos empíricos, realizados em ambiente acadêmico e industrial, que buscou determinar a viabilidade da abordagem e os benefícios que podem ser alcançados com a combinação de técnicas do desenvolvimento orientado a modelos e da reutilização de software. Os resultados mostram que a abordagem pode trazer diferentes benefícios para organizações de software, incluindo aumento da quantidade e qualidade da reutilização, e reduzindo a complexidade de desenvolvimento e configuração de produtos / Software reuse aims at increasing quality and productivity in software development, avoiding effort duplication and reusing all past experiences possible. Although it is a simple idea, it is not easy to put reuse in practice, especially in a systematic and controlled way. Domain engineering and software product lines techniques try to make this task easier, but there are many other factors that difficult the reuse adoption. Among these factors are the problems that are inherent to software development in the way it is conducted today, based on source code. These problems arise from the growing demand for increasingly complex software, negatively affecting the ability to reuse. Model-driven development is an attractive alternative in this scenario, leveraging the importance of models in the software life cycle, incorporating them as part of the final product through modeling and code generation techniques. As a result, part of the software complexity becomes hidden inside the generators, shielding the developers, reducing errors, increasing the productivity, quality, interoperability and maintainability of the produced assets. In this dissertation is presented the thesis that model-driven development can effectively increase and/or improve software reuse, and that to achieve this goal it must be treated in a consistent way inside a domain engineering process. To demonstrate this thesis, a model-driven software reuse approach is presented, with activities that guide the developer during domain analysis, design and implementation. The results of an evaluation involving three empirical studies are also presented. The studies were performed in both academic and industrial environments, and aimed at determining the viability of the approach and the benefits that can be achieved with the combination of model-driven development and software reuse techniques. The results showed that the approach can bring different benefits to software organizations, such as software reuse quantity and quality improvements, and complexity reduction in product development and configuration tasks

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L'automatisation de la génération des artefacts textuels à partir des modèles est une étape critique dans l'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles (IDM). C'est une transformation de modèles utile pour générer le code source, sérialiser les modèles dans de stockages persistents, générer les rapports ou encore la documentation. Parmi les différents paradigmes de transformation de modèle-au-texte, la génération de code basée sur les templates (TBCG) est la plus utilisée en IDM. La TBCG est une technique de génération qui produit du code à partir des spécifications de haut niveau appelées templates. Compte tenu de la diversité des outils et des approches, il est nécessaire de classifier et de comparer les techniques de TBCG existantes afin d'apporter un soutien approprié aux développeurs. L'objectif de ce mémoire est de mieux comprendre les caractéristiques des techniques de TBCG, identifier les tendances dans la recherche, et éxaminer l'importance du rôle de l'IDM par rapport à cette approche. J'évalue également l'expressivité, la performance et la mise à l'échelle des outils associés selon une série de modèles. Je propose une étude systématique de cartographie de la littérature qui décrit une intéressante vue d'ensemble de la TBCG et une étude comparitive des outils de la TBCG pour mieux guider les dévloppeurs dans leur choix. Cette étude montre que les outils basés sur les modèles offrent plus d'expressivité tandis que les outils basés sur le code sont les plus performants. Enfin, Xtend2 offre le meilleur compromis entre l'expressivité et la performance. / A critical step in model-driven engineering (MDE) is the automatic synthesis of a textual artifact from models. This is a very useful model transformation to generate application code, to serialize the model in persistent storage, generate documentation or reports. Among the various model-to-text transformation paradigms, Template-Based Code Generation (TBCG) is the most popular in MDE. TBCG is a synthesis technique that produces code from high-level specifications, called templates. It is a popular technique in MDE given that they both emphasize abstraction and automation. Given the diversity of tools and approaches, it is necessary to classify and compare existing TBCG techniques to provide appropriate support to developers. The goal of this thesis is to better understand the characteristics of TBCG techniques, identify research trends, and assess the importance of the role of MDE in this code synthesis approach. We also evaluate the expressiveness, performance and scalability of the associated tools based on a range of models that implement critical patterns. To this end, we conduct a systematic mapping study of the literature that paints an interesting overview of TBCG and a comparative study on TBCG tools to better guide developers in their choices. This study shows that model-based tools offer more expressiveness whereas code-based tools performed much faster. Xtend2 offers the best compromise between the expressiveness and the performance.

Les Revues Systématiques (RS) offrent une méthode rigoureuse pour identifier et analyser les résultats dans la littérature relatifs à un sujet d'intérêt particulier. La réalisation d'une RS est connue pour être une tâche demandant beaucoup de temps et de travail qui nécessite un protocole bien documenté avec plusieurs itérations. Il suit un processus systématique pour atteindre des résultats reproductibles, objectifs et complets. Les outils qui permettent d'automatiser certaines tâches du processus sont d'une grande valeur pour les chercheurs. Cependant, d'importantes fonctionnalités liées à la réalisation de RS de manière collaborative et itérative font encore défaut dans les outils existants. Dans ce mémoire, nous présentons ReLiS, un outil pour installer et configurer automatiquement des projets RS à réaliser de manière collaborative et itérative en ligne. Le développement de ReLiS suit une approche de développement basée sur les modèles. Il dispose d'un éditeur de modèle spécifique au domaine adapté aux chercheurs qui réalisent des RS et d'une architecture qui permet l'installation progressive et la (re)configuration de plusieurs projets SR en cours de réalisation. / Systematic Reviews (SR) provide a rigorous method to find and analyze the literature evidence relating to a particular topic of interest. Conducting SR is known to be an effort intensive and time-consuming endeavor that requires a properly documented protocol and several iterations to setup right. It follows a systematic process to achieve repeatable, unbiased and complete outcomes. Tools that help automate some tasks of the process are of tremendous value for researchers. However, important features related the conduction of SR in a collaborative and iterative way are still lacking in existing tools. In this thesis we present ReLiS, a tool to automatically install and configure SR projects to conduct them collaboratively and iteratively on the cloud. ReLiS is engineered following a model-driven development approach. It features a domain-specific modeling editor tailored for researchers who perform SR and an architecture that enables on-the-fly installation and (re)configuration of multiple concurrently running SR projects.

L'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles est une approche qui s'appuie sur l'abstraction pour exprimer davantage les concepts du domaine. Ainsi, les ingénieurs logiciels développent des langages dédiés (LD) qui encapsulent la structure, les contraintes et le comportement du domaine. Comme tout logiciel, les LDs évoluent régulièrement. Cette évolution peut se produire lorsque l'un de ses composants ou le domaine évolue. L'évolution du domaine ainsi que l'évolution des composants du LD et l'impact de cette évolution sur ceux-ci ont été largement étudiés. Cependant, un LD peut également dépendre sur d'éléments externes qui ne sont pas modélisées. Par conséquent, l'évolution de ces dépendances externes affecte le LD et ses composants. Actuellement, les ingénieurs logiciels doivent évoluer le LD manuellement lorsque les dépendances externes évoluent. Dans ce mémoire, nous nous concentrons sur l'évolution des librairies externes. Plus spécifiquement, le but de cette thèse est d'aider les ingénieurs logiciels dans la tâche d'évolution. À cette fin, nous proposons une approche qui intègre automatiquement les changements des librairies externes dans le LD. De plus, nous offrons un LD qui supporte l'évolution des librairies Arduino. Nous évaluons également notre approche en faisant évoluer un éditeur de modélisation interactif qui dépend d'un LD. Cette étude nous permet de montrer la faisabilité et l'utilité de notre approche. / Model-driven engineering (MDE) is an approach that relies on abstraction to further express domain concepts. Hence, language engineers develop domain-specific languages (DSLs) that encapsulates the domain structure, constraints, and behavior. Like any software, DSLs evolve regularly. This evolution can occur when one of its components or the domain evolves. The domain evolution as well as the evolution of DSL components and the impact of such evolution on them has been widely investigated. However, a DSL may also rely on external dependencies that are not modeled. As a result, the evolution of these external dependencies affects the DSL and its components. This evolution problem has yet to be addressed. Currently, language engineers must manually evolve the DSL when the external dependencies evolve. In this thesis, we focus on the evolution of external libraries. More specifically, our goal is to assist language engineers in the task of evolution. To this end, we propose an approach that automatically integrates the changes of the external libraries into the DSL. In addition, we offer a DSL that supports the evolution of the Arduino libraries. We also evaluate our approach by evolving an interactive modeling editor that depends on a DSL. This study allows us to demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of our approach.

L'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles (MDE) est une méthodologie d'ingénierie logiciel qui permet aux ingénieurs de définir des modèles conceptuels pour un domaine spécifique. La MDE est supportée par des outils de modélisation, qui sont des éditeurs pour créer et manipuler des modèles spécifiques au domaine. Cependant, l'état actuel de la pratique de ces éditeurs de modélisation offre des interactions utilisateur très limitées, souvent restreintes à glisser-déposer en utilisant les mouvements de souris et les touches du clavier. Récemment, un nouveau cadre propose de spécifier explicitement les interactions utilisateur des éditeurs de modélisation. Dans cette thèse, nous étendons ce cadre pour supporter les interactions multitouches lors de la modélisation. Nous proposons un catalogue initial de gestes multitouches pour offrir une variété de gestes tactiles utiles. Nous démontrons comment notre approche est applicable pour générer des éditeurs de modélisation. Notre approche permet des interactions plus naturelles pour l'utilisateur quand il effectue des tâches de modélisation types. / Model-driven engineering (MDE) is a software engineering methodology that enables engineers to define conceptual models for a specific domain. Modeling is supported by modeling language workbenches, acting as editor to create and manipulate domain-specific models. However, the current state of practice of these modeling editors offers very limited user interactions, often restricted to drag-and-drop with mouse movement and keystrokes. Recently, a novel framework proposes to explicitly specify the user interactions of modeling editors. In this thesis, we extend this framework to support multi-touch interactions when modeling. We propose an initial set of multi-touch gesture catalog to offer a variety of useful touch gestures. We demonstrate how our approach is applicable for generating modeling editors. Our approach yields more natural user interactions to perform typical modeling tasks.

The thesis is focused on software development process and its products from initial designs through the way of implementation until final delivery to customer. The thesis brings up some basic facts about software engineering with further detailed description of one of its parts, the modern models of software life cycles with focus on the agile life cycle because of its significant benefits and effective implementation. This model is represented by Agile Model Driven Development which has been submitted not only theoretically but in practice. Finally, there is also a short description of Unified Modeling Language which is used as a modeling language.

<p>Primjena Internet protokola u uređajima sa ograničenim resursima, dovodi do radikalne promjene Interneta i pojave potpuno novog koncepta pod nazivom Internet stv&acirc;ri &ndash; Internet of Things (IoT), čiji je jedan od osnovnih gradivnih elemenata Senzor Web (SW) čvor. SW čvor predstavlja elementarni &ldquo;resurs&rdquo; u SW mreži koja se po svojoj prirodi može posmatrati kao nestrukturirana kolekcija gradivnih elemenata koji se mogu dinamički orkestrirati u virtuelne klastere, odnosno u arhi-tekturu. Cilj disertacije predstavlja unapređenje procesa razvoja arhitekture sistema baziranih na SW mrežama uz oslonac na dinamičko generisanje servisnog sloja u svrhu povećanja produktivnosti, održivosti i smanjenja troškova razvoja. Pod unapređenjem procesa razvoja arhitekture smatra se analiza, integracija i prilagođavanje postojećih sistema i pristupa projektovanja arhitekture senzorskih mreža, kao i sistema baziranih na IoT konceptima. U tu svrhu definisana je arhitektura SW mreža, kreiran domenski specifičan jezik, interaktivni grafički editor i alat za automatsku transforma-ciju modela u implementacione klase. U sklopu teze izvršena je i eksperimentalna verifikacija predloženog modela i razvojnog okruženja, čime je dokazana njhova praktična primjena.</p> / <p>The use of Internet protocols in limited resources devices contributes to radical changes in the Internet and the emergence of an entirely new concept called the Internet of Things (IoT), consisted of the Sensor Web (SW) nodes as one of the basic building blocks. SW node is the elementary &quot;resource&quot; in the SW Network, which by their nature can be seen as an unstructured collection of blocks that can be dynamically orchestrated into the virtual cluster, or in the architecture. The aim of this thesis is to improve the process of developing a system archite-cture based on SW networks, relying on the dynamic generation of the service layer in order to increase productivity, sustainability and cost of development. The improvement of the architecture development process includes analysis, integration and adaptation of existing systems and sensor network architecture design approaches, as well as systems based on the IoT concepts. For this purpose, the archite-cture of the SW Network is defined, a domain-specific language has been created as well as interactive graphics editor and a tool for automatic transformation of models into the implementation class. As part of the dissertation, the experimental verification of the proposed model and the development environment were carried out demonstra-ting their practical application.</p>

The focus of this thesis is on the implementation, the evaluation and the useful application of the third dimension in software visualization. Software engineering is characterized by a complex interplay of different stakeholders that produce and use several artifacts. Software visualization is used as one mean to address this increasing complexity. It provides role- and task-specific views of artifacts that contain information about structure, behavior, and evolution of a software system in its entirety. The main potential of the third dimension is the possibility to provide multiple views in one software visualization for all three aspects. However, empirical findings concerning the role of the third dimension in software visualization are rare. Furthermore, there are only few 3D software visualizations that provide multiple views of a software system including all three aspects. Finally, the current tool support lacks of generating easy integrateable, scalable, and platform independent 2D, 2.5D, and 3D software visualizations automatically. Hence, the objective is to develop a software visualization that represents all important structural entities and relations of a software system, that can display behavioral and evolutionary aspects of a software system as well, and that can be generated automatically. In order to achieve this objective the following research methods are applied. A literature study is conducted, a software visualization generator is conceptualized and prototypically implemented, a structured approach to plan and design controlled experiments in software visualization is developed, and a controlled experiment is designed and performed to investigate the role of the third dimension in software visualization. The main contributions are an overview of the state-of-the-art in 3D software visualization, a structured approach including a theoretical model to control influence factors during controlled experiments in software visualization, an Eclipse-based generator for producing automatically role- and task-specific 2D, 2.5D, and 3D software visualizations, the controlled experiment investigating the role of the third dimension in software visualization, and the recursive disk metaphor combining the findings with focus on the structure of software including useful applications of the third dimension regarding behavior and evolution.

Für den Visualisierungsgenerator der Forschungsgruppe „Softwarevisualisierung in drei Dimensionen und virtueller Realität“ soll eine Stadtmetapher zur Darstellung von Software implementiert werden. Als Vorlage dient „CodeCity“, dessen Umsetzung der Stadtmetapher auf den Generator übertragen werden soll. Die Anforderungsermittlung basiert auf der Analyse beider Bestandteile, um ein strukturiertes Vorgehen zu gewährleisten. Die Implementierung der Generatorartefakte erfolgt mittels Xtext zur Erstellung eines Metamodells, das die Entitäten der neuen Metapher beschreibt, und Xtend, das genutzt wird um die Datenmodelle zu modifizieren und in Quelltext umzuwandeln. Darauf aufbauend folgt abschließend die Abstraktion zu einem Prozessmodell für die generative und modellgetriebene Softwarevisualisierung, das als Leitfaden für zukünftige Implementierungen dienen soll.:Gliederung Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Verzeichnis der Listings Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1.1 Motivation und Problemstellung 1.2 Zielstellung der Arbeit 1.3 Aufbau der Arbeit 2 Grundlagen des Visualisierungsgenerator 2.1 Generative und modellgetriebene Softwareentwicklung 2.2 FAMIX 2.3 Xtext und Xtend 2.4 X3D 3 Implementierung des Prototyps 3.1 Analyse der Zielmetapher 3.1.1 Grundlagen von „CodeCity“ 3.1.2 Anforderungen 3.1.3 Analyseergebnisse 3.2 Auswahl und Analyse der Referenzmetapher 3.2.1 Grundlagen der Referenzmetapher 3.2.2 Erweiterung der Anforderungen 3.3 Das Metamodell 3.4 Der Workflow 3.5 Modell-zu-Modell-Transformation 3.6 Modellmodifikation 3.7 Modell-zu-Text-Transformation 3.8 Anpassungen und Ergänzungen 4 Abstrahiertes Prozessmodell 5 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Anhang A – Metamodell Recursive Disk-Metapher Anhang B – Hilfestellung für Eclipse-Konfigurationen Anhang C – Konzepte zur Durchführung der Modellmodifikation Anhang D – Entwicklungsstadien der Stadtmetapher Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis Ehrenwörtliche Erklärung