Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-09-17T12:20:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 474948 - Texto Completo.pdf: 3093555 bytes, checksum: 642bceeeff1c8a8e64eadc61416e65a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-17T12:20:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 474948 - Texto Completo.pdf: 3093555 bytes, checksum: 642bceeeff1c8a8e64eadc61416e65a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-18 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / We present a procedural method to create floor plans considering user-provided requisites as well as the constraint of a building?s exterior walls. First, a grid is created in the available space. Then, each room is placed to occupy a single cell in the grid, and subsequently expanded, occupying adjacent cells to achieve its final size. This growth-based approach can generate different interior models which follow user requisites without relying on costly optimization steps. The proposed method handles a wide variety of building shapes, including non-convex polygons. Possible applications include architectural tools and digital content generation. / Neste trabalho apresenta-se um m?todo procedural para criar plantas baixas levando em conta requisitos do usu?rio e tamb?m o limite das paredes externas de uma constru??o. Primeiro, uma grade ? criada no espa?o dispon?vel. Ent?o, cada aposento ? posicionado de tal forma a ocupar uma c?lula da grade, e ? subsequentemente expandido, ocupando c?lulas adjacentes para alcan?ar seu tamanho final. Essa abordadem baseada em crescimento pode gerar diferentes modelos de interior que atendem aos requisitos do usu?rio sem depender de passos custosos de otimiza??o. O m?todo proposto ? capaz de lidar com uma variedade de formatos externos das paredes da constru??o, incluindo pol?gonos n?o convexos. Poss?veis aplica??es incluem ferramentas de arquitetura e a gera??o de conte?do digital.

Submitted by Jadson Francisco de Jesus SILVA (jadson@uefs.br) on 2018-02-23T22:02:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O_JEFFERSON_COSTA.pdf: 4871777 bytes, checksum: 5ba189276fba5c2903773fd8a3ad8484 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-23T22:02:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O_JEFFERSON_COSTA.pdf: 4871777 bytes, checksum: 5ba189276fba5c2903773fd8a3ad8484 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-18 / The decline of the teaching of the design subjects is expressed in the high repetition rates of students who study Technical design in the courses offered by the Instituto Federal da Bahia (IFBA). The fact that disciplines such as Geometric Design and Descriptive Geometry do not appear as compulsory in the curriculum as well as are not required in college entrance examinations makes them less important than Portuguese or Mathematics, for example. In this regard, the constructions of the motor aspects and the three-dimensional perceptual abilities of students are not seen as significant factors. This issue allows students to reach the first year of high school without the necessary basis to study design. This fact aims to demand a greater commitment of Design teachers to students who understand the subjects addressed. Based on this situation, computational programs focused on geometric design and modeling may have a pedagogical role in the development of spatial visualization skills, however, in the state of Bahia, undergraduate programs which train design teachers have not yet reformulated their r?sum?s to include the teaching of new tools for these areas of knowledge. In order to contribute to the learning of the technical design, in the Building Technician course at IFBA, located in Salvador city, the present master's dissertation sought, through the tools of Geometric Modeling, a method that could contribute to the learning of the Technical Design. / A desvaloriza??o do ensino das disciplinas de desenho, no ensino fundamental, se expressa nos altos ?ndices de reprova??o dos alunos que cursam Desenho T?cnico, nos cursos oferecidos pelo Instituto Federal da Bahia (IFBA). O fato de disciplinas como Desenho Geom?trico e Geometria Descritiva n?o constarem como obrigat?rias no curr?culo e n?o serem cobradas em exames de vestibular torna-as menos importantes do que Portugu?s ou Matem?tica, por exemplo. Neste sentido, as constru??es dos aspectos motores e das habilidades perceptivas tridimensionais dos alunos n?o s?o vistas como fatores importantes. Este problema permite que os alunos cheguem ao primeiro ano do ensino m?dio sem as bases necess?rias para cursar Desenho. Tal fato tende a exigir maior empenho dos professores de Desenho para que os alunos compreendam os assuntos abordados. Diante do problema, programas computacionais voltados para o desenho e a modelagem geom?trica podem ter papel pedag?gico no desenvolvimento das habilidades para visualiza??o espacial, por?m, na Bahia, os cursos de gradua??o que formam professores de desenho ainda n?o reformularam os seus curr?culos, incluindo o ensino de novas ferramentas para as referidas ?reas do conhecimento. No intuito de contribuir com a aprendizagem do Desenho T?cnico, no curso T?cnico em Edifica??es do IFBA, campus Salvador, a presente disserta??o procurou, por meio das ferramentas de Modelagem Geom?trica, um m?todo que pudesse ajudar com a aprendizagem do Desenho T?cnico.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandoJMC_TESE.pdf: 4090837 bytes, checksum: c86bb775317f1faa46b14511be554257 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-02 / In the teaching practice of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, educational legislation views modeling laboratories and workshops as an indispensable component of the infrastructure required for the good functioning of any architectural course of study. Although the development of information technology at the international level has created new possibilities for digital production of architectural models, research in this field being underway since the early 1990s, it is only from 2007 onwards that such technologies started to be incorporated into the teaching activity of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, through the pioneering experience at LAPAC/FEC/UNICAMP. It is therefore a recent experiment whose challenges can be highlighted through the following examples: (i) The implementation of digital prototyping laboratories in undergraduate courses of architecture and urbanism is still rare in Brazil; (ii) As a new developing field with few references and application to undergraduate programs, it is hard to define methodological procedures suitable for the pedagogical curricula already implemented or which have already been consolidated over the years; (iii) The new digital ways for producing tridimensional models are marked with specificities which make it difficult to fit them within the existing structures of model laboratories and workshops. Considering the above, the present thesis discusses the tridimensional model as a tool which may contribute to the development of students skills in perceiving, understanding and representing tridimensional space. Analysis is made of the relation between different forms of models and the teaching of architectural project, with emphasis on the design process. Starting from the conceptualization of the word model as it is used in architecture and urbanism, an attempt is made to identify types of tridimensional models used in the process of project conception, both through the traditional, manual way of model construction as well as through the digital ones. There is also an explanation on how new technologies for digital production of models through prototyping are being introduced in undergraduate academic programs of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, as well as a review of recent academic publications in this area. Based on the paradigm of reflective practice in teaching as designed by Sch?n (2000), the experiment applied in the research was undertaken in the integrated workshop courses of architectural project in the undergraduate program of architecture and urbanism at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Along the experiment, physical modeling, geometric modeling and digital prototyping are used in distinct moments of the design process with the purpose of observing the suitability of each model to the project s phases. The procedures used in the experiments are very close to the Action Research methodology in which the main purpose is the production of theoretical knowledge by improving the practice. The process was repeated during three consecutive semesters and reflection on the results which were achieved in each cycle helped enhancing the next one. As a result, a methodological procedure is proposed which consists of the definition of the Tridimensional Model as the integrating element for the contents studied in a specific academic period or semester. The teaching of Architectural Project as it is developed along the fifth academic period of the Architecture and Urbanism undergraduate program of UFRN is taken as a reference / Na pr?tica do ensino de Arquitetura e Urbanismo no Brasil, verifica-se a exist?ncia de laborat?rios e oficinas de maquetes, reconhecidas pela legisla??o educacional como parte da infraestrutura necess?ria para o funcionamento de um curso. Embora a evolu??o da tecnologia da informa??o no ?mbito internacional disponibilize novas possibilidades para a produ??o digital de maquetes e modelos de Arquitetura com pesquisas produzidas desde o in?cio da d?cada de 1990, no Brasil essas tecnologias s? come?aram a ser apropriadas pelo ensino de Arquitetura e Urbanismo a partir de 2007 com a experi?ncia pioneira do LAPAC/FEC/UNICAMP. Trata-se, portanto de uma experi?ncia recente e que evidencia a desafios. Por exemplo: (i) s?o raros os casos de implanta??o de laborat?rios de prototipagem digital em cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo no Pa?s; (ii) por ser um campo em desenvolvimento com poucas refer?ncias de aplica??es na gradua??o, h? dificuldades na defini??o de procedimentos metodol?gicos que sejam adequados aos projetos pedag?gicos j? implantados e consolidados; (iii) as novas formas digitais de produ??o de modelos tridimensionais cont?m especificidades que dificultam a compatibiliza??o com as estruturas de laborat?rios e oficinas de maquetes j? existentes. Considerando o exposto, na presente tese se discute o modelo tridimensional como instrumento auxiliar no desenvolvimento da capacidade do estudante de perceber, compreender e representar o espa?o tridimensional. Analisa-se a rela??o entre diferentes formas de modelos e o ensino de projeto de Arquitetura e Urbanismo com interesse no processo projetual. Partindo da conceitua??o do modelo em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, busca-se identificar os tipos de modelos tridimensionais utilizados no processo de elabora??o do projeto, tanto nas formas tradicionais de constru??o manual de maquetes e modelos quanto nos meios digitais. Procura-se conhecer como as novas tecnologias para a produ??o digital de modelos por meio da prototipagem digital est?o sendo introduzidas nos cursos de gradua??o de Arquitetura e Urbanismo no Brasil, assim como a produ??o acad?mica recente na ?rea. Considerando o paradigma do ensino pr?tico reflexivo concebido por Sch?n (2000), o experimento realizado na pesquisa tem como ambiente de estudo o ateli? integrado de projeto do Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. No experimento a Modelagem f?sica, a Modelagem Geom?trica e a Prototipagem Digital s?o inseridas em momentos do processo do projeto com o objetivo de se observar a adequa??o do modelo ?s fases do projeto. A metodologia empregada nos experimentos muito se aproxima da Pesquisa A??o na qual o alvo principal ? a cria??o de conhecimento te?rico com o aprimoramento da pr?tica. O processo se repetiu por tr?s semestres consecutivos e a reflex?o sobre os resultados alcan?ados em cada ciclo forneceram subs?dios para aprimoramento no seguinte. Como resultado prop?e-se um procedimento metodol?gico no qual o Modelo Tridimensional constitui elemento integrador de conte?dos desenvolvidos em um per?odo curricular, tendo como refer?ncia o ensino de Projeto Arquitet?nico e Urban?stico no quinto per?odo do Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da UFRN

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SidneyOL.pdf: 4301786 bytes, checksum: 9f7a7a0d30a925198ccebaa046c885a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work proposes a computational methodology to solve problems of optimization in structural design. The application develops, implements and integrates methods for structural analysis, geometric modeling, design sensitivity analysis and optimization. So, the optimum design problem is particularized for plane stress case, with the objective to minimize the structural mass subject to a stress criterion. Notice that, these constraints must be evaluated at a series of discrete points, whose distribution should be dense enough in order to minimize the chance of any significant constraint violation between specified points. Therefore, the local stress constraints are transformed into a global stress measure reducing the computational cost in deriving the optimal shape design. The problem is approximated by Finite Element Method using Lagrangian triangular elements with six nodes, and use a automatic mesh generation with a mesh quality criterion of geometric element. The geometric modeling, i.e., the contour is defined by parametric curves of type B-splines, these curves hold suitable characteristics to implement the Shape Optimization Method, that uses the key points like design variables to determine the solution of minimum problem. A reliable tool for design sensitivity analysis is a prerequisite for performing interactive structural design, synthesis and optimization. General expressions for design sensitivity analysis are derived with respect to key points of B-splines. The method of design sensitivity analysis used is the adjoin approach and the analytical method. The formulation of the optimization problem applies the Augmented Lagrangian Method, which convert an optimization problem constrained problem in an unconstrained. The solution of the Augmented Lagrangian function is achieved by determining the analysis of sensitivity. Therefore, the optimization problem reduces to the solution of a sequence of problems with lateral limits constraints, which is solved by the Memoryless Quasi-Newton Method It is demonstrated by several examples that this new approach of analytical design sensitivity analysis of integrated shape design optimization with a global stress criterion purpose is computationally efficient / Neste trabalho prop?e-se uma metodologia computacional para resolver problemas de Otimiza??o de Forma para projeto estrutural. A aplica??o ? particularizada para problemas bidimensionais em estado plano de tens?es, de modo a minimizar a massa atendendo um crit?rio de tens?o. Para atender ao crit?rio param?trico de tens?es ? proposto um crit?rio global de tens?o de von Mises, dessa maneira, amplia-se o crit?rio local de tens?es sobre o dom?nio, visando ? obten??o de programas mais seguros. O problema ? aproximado pelo M?todo dos Elementos Finitos utilizando elementos triangulares da base Lagrangiana padr?o com seis n?s, tendo uma estrat?gia de gera??o autom?tica de malhas baseada em um crit?rio geom?trico do elemento. O modelo geom?trico do contorno material ? definido por curvas param?tricas B-splines. Estas curvas possuem caracter?sticas vantajosas para implementa??o do processo de otimiza??o de forma, que se utiliza dos pontos-chave para determinar o m?nimo do problema. A formula??o do problema de otimiza??o faz uso do M?todo Lagrangiano Aumentado, que transforma o problema de otimiza??o com restri??o, em problema irrestrito. A solu??o da fun??o Lagrangiana Aumentada ? alcan?ada pela determina??o da an?lise das sensibilidades anal?ticas em rela??o aos pontos-chave da curva B-spline. Como conseq??ncia, o problema de otimiza??o reduz-se ? solu??o de uma seq??ncia de problemas de limites laterais do tipo caixa, o qual ? resolvido por um m?todo de proje??o de segunda ordem que usa o m?todo de Quase-Newton projetado sem mem?ria. S?o demonstrados v?rios exemplos para o M?todo de Otimiza??o de Forma integrado a An?lise da Sensibilidade Anal?tica sob o crit?rio global de tens?o de von Mises