Bc. Adéla Provazníková Strategies of literary translation during the Nahḍa Abstract: The thesis deals with the topic of literary translation in the Arab world during the Nahḍa. It falls within the framework of descriptive translation studies and is based methodologically on Gideon Toury's model (1995), which determines its structure and goals. Following a brief historical and literary context the thesis systematically describes attitudes towards translation in given period and finds that translational terminology and requirements were changing during the 19th century and only yet stabilizing. The core of this thesis lies in the textual analysis of two novels and three short stories, which reveal individual translational strategies. It shows that Arab translators in the colonial context dealt with the source text in a creative manner and accommodated translated texts to the cultural and historical particularities of a contemporary Arab reader. Keywords: translation strategies, modern Arabic literature, Nahḍa, paraliterature, Adib Ishaq, Labiba Hashim, cultural encounter

Cette étude se propose de répondre à la problématique liée à la généricité d’un corpus de maqāmāt de type munāẓarāt paysagères composées au Yémen à l’époque postclassique. L’appellation maqāma devient, en effet, de plus en plus englobante au point de s’étendre à la munāẓara, ce qui nous permet de parler d’une évolution générique par régime de transformation. L’analyse de ces œuvres permet aussi de montrer comment ces textes revendiquent une appartenance et un rattachement à la notion d’adab, point essentiel pour la compréhension générique de ces œuvres. Cette étude se propose d’analyser également les représentations paysagères qui sont au cœur de ces munāẓarāt. Elle aborde les éléments constitutifs du paysage en tenant compte de l’organisation de ces représentations sur l’axe vertical et l’axe horizontal, mais aussi en fonction de différents sens sollicités : la vue, l’odorat et l’ouïe. Tous ces éléments nous poussent à considérer les représentations paysagères présentes dans les descriptions du Paradis coranique ainsi que dans des descriptions similaires présentes dans la poésie arabe classique. L’étude de ces corpus montre, en dernier lieu, que le but des auteurs n’est pas celui de créer des représentations bucoliques sur la description de la nature mais que derrière la simple description paysagère, ces textes sont la plupart du temps porteurs d’un message situé à un second niveau de lecture (politique, religieux, etc.). / This work aims at studying the question of the literary genre of a corpus of maqāmāt of the kind “landscape munāẓarāt” written in Yemen in the Post-Classical era. The name maqāma has become always more comprehensive until it extended to the munāẓara. Hence, we can speak of a generic evolution due to processing. The analysis of such texts allows us to show why they claim to belong to the notion of adab, which is an essential point for understanding the genre of these works. This study deals also with the landscape representations that are at the heart of these munāẓarāt. It approaches the constituent elements of the landscape according to the organisation of the representation - on the vertical or on the horizontal axis – and also through the different senses appealed to the perception: sight, smell and hearing. All these elements lead us to consider landscape representations in the Koranic description of Paradise and in other similar descriptions in Classical Arabic poems. Finally, the study of this corpus shows that the aim of the authors is not a bucolic representation of nature. Instead, behind the simple landscape description, most of texts convey a message related to politics, religion, etc. located in a second level of reading.

This thesis examines the work of the contemporary exilic Iraqi author Ḥasan Blāsim within the framework of magical realism. At the same time it argues for a more formalistic and wider definition of magical realism, which also includes fiction without any supernatural elements. Magical realistic components found in the short story collection Majnūn sāḥat al-ḥurrīya (The Madman of Freedom Square) underline the most important themes in the stories. These are related to the catastrophes that afflicted Iraq and its people in the course of last thirty years. With its emphasis on the documentation of modern Iraqi history dominated by war and exile Blāsim's work belongs to the genre of documentary narrative. The goal of documentary narrative is to contribute to the collective memory of a nation. Despite Blāsim's focus on documenting, magical realism in his work cannot be considered as an attempt to create a parallel cultural world. The supernatural in his stories functions metaphorically and relates exclusively to the real world of war and violence, in which people under heavy circumstances turn into animals, cannibals, which is magical in itself. In addition, Blāsim's work is on a subordinate level discussed from the perspective of postcolonial theory. Postcolonial theory has undergone a complicated...

No description available.