This thesis contributes to the field of strategy-as-practice by developing understanding of the enacted performance of power within strategic interactions, an area that is underdeveloped. This is addressed by voicing the silences within the field of strategy-as-practice using an organisational studies lens. The study investigates the macro-influences of power, gender, body, culture, and Westernisation on micro-strategising activities and is based on an empirical cross-cultural study of a Saudi Arabian business college. The strategy-as-practice approach faces the challenge of balancing a focus on the specified actions of individuals and remaining aware of the social influences that govern them. This study complements linguistic approaches to understanding strategy with an embodied socially enacted dramaturgical approach to strategy analysis. Dramaturgy is the theoretical and methodological framework used to focus on micro-face-to-face interactions of strategists, complemented by frame analysis which enables invistigation of macro-level aspects of analysis at the meso-organisational level. The analysis focuses on two main areas: first it explores the embodied gendered aspects of strategising, which have previously been marginalised within the field. This analysis shows how the doing and undoing of gender on a managerial level in mixed-gender strategic interactions reflects the values that govern the family context, maintaining traditional values and often constraining women from assuming active roles as participants in strategising. Second, it analyses the tensions that arise between the clash of modernity and tradition by the adoption of international/Western management practices. These institutional influences create conflicts within strategists’ scripts when tradition encounters modernity in confronting a significant aspect of the Arab struggle. This analysis focuses on the importance of adopting a multi-level of analysis that aknowledges both structure and agency within strategising contexts. It also considers the importance of adopting a different type of ethics that is more sensitive to the particularities of caring for the ‘other’.

The dissertation examines how economic matters were depicted between 1770 and 1820 in two European kingdoms. Britain and Sweden are studied during this Age of Revolutions from the state’s perspective; state-managed newspapers are examined, one from Britain, the London Gazette, and two from Sweden, Stockholms Post-Tidningar and Inrikes Tidningar. These were stable types of media that transformed slowly alongside the changing popular press. State-managed newspapers were produced both to inform and manage the loyalty of populations. Aside from the continued development of the centralized state, this was also the time when Enlightenment ideals were spreading, the public sphere was transforming, notions of the nation and nationalism were developing, and communication strategies were changing; these concepts are the basis for the model of the development of modernity used in this study. Economic matters are seen as existing in a value-realm model that gradually disintegrated over time, expressing the birth of the modern world. This model included political, social-cultural, and technological values, in addition to economic matters. This disintegration involved a sense of uniformity. In both Britain and Sweden, economic objects, practices, ideas, and discourses received similar treatments over time. This process was, however, non-linear and not complete by the dawn of industrial transformation.   The first two chapters discuss the theory and methodological approaches. The form, order, and content of the newspapers are analyzed to show how economic matters became separate or unembedded to varying degrees over a fifty-year time span. British and Swedish descriptions are compared, as well as how the other state was portrayed in the opposing newspapers. These observations are described in three empirical chapters, relating events and analyses from 1770 to 1775, 1790 to 1795, and 1815 to 1820. The results of this dissertation show how early modern economic matters can be viewed beyond quantitative contents as an expression of becoming modern, offering complimentary context. Advances in thinking about data generated modern numerical indicators, also reflected by form and order qualities. The unembeddedness of economic matters was an ongoing and non-linear process that was expressed by increased abstractness, separation, and emphasis.

La présente thèse propose une nouvelle lecture de l’œuvre photographique de Pierre Verger, de 1932 à 1960, en révélant en partie un corpus inédit, afin de mettre en exergue le caractère moderne et singulier de son œuvre. Sa pratique photographique est d’abord liée à l’instantanéité à travers le photoreportage pour la presse, pour l’agence photographique Alliance Photo, ainsi que pour divers éditeurs. Ces diverses expériences contribuent à révéler une « esthétique du reportage » dont la période brésilienne étendue de 1946 à 1948 constitue l’apogée. Son intérêt porté aux cultures extra-occidentales, et particulièrement au monde noir, va progressivement orienter ses reportages vers une photo-ethnographie, dans une dimension de mémoire et de sauvegarde. L’idée de modernité qui sous-tend son œuvre est à considérer non seulement par sa créativité photographique, étroitement liée à la Nouvelle Photographie française des années 1930, à la photographie de reportage et humaniste, mais aussi par sa perception de l’étranger qui génère une nouvelle représentation de l’Autre. / "The photographic art of Pierre Verger: the modernity of a regard" proposes a new lecture to the photographic work of Pierre Verger, from 1932 to 1960, and through a unic corpus it emphasizes on the modernity and singularity of his work. His photographic work is firstly linked to the snapshop, through his photo-documentary for media, edition, and the Alliance Photo agency. These various experiences contribute to reveal an "esthetic of documentary" whose brazilian period from 1946 to 1948 marks the apogee. His interest for non-western cultures, more particularly the black world, orientates his work to an ethnographic-photography, in a perspective of memory. The idea of modernity which underlines his work has to be considerated non only for its creativity and its links with the French New Photography of the 1930's and the humanist photography, but also from its perception of the foreigner generating a new representation of the Other.

This study examines British television situation comedy over the last fifteen years and analyses the genre as part of a discourse about the nature of modernity. In this period globalisation, technology and the rapid reassessment of formerly established social structures have created new modes of everyday existence that represent significant changes to people’s lives. The thesis argues that contemporary sitcoms address these shifts in social understanding and anxieties about contemporary British life. A wide range of texts are discussed, four in particular detail; Peep Show, Love Soup, Saxondale and Home Time; which explicitly try to form a dialogue with their audience about living in modernity. The thesis largely takes a methodological approach from Television Studies, referencing scholars from the discipline, in particular John Ellis’s concepts of “working through” and employing a significant amount of textual analysis. Chapter two looks at the context of television in this changing world and chapter three analyses how sitcom as a genre has redefined its forms. Chapter four identifies the importance of ‘tone’ in comedy and analyses how modernity demands new modes of address for comedy to meet the expectations of its audience. The study demonstrates how texts balance new approaches with continuities drawn from the existing sitcom tradition. In order to interrogate the nature of social change and its effects, chapter one engages with the work of a number of social theorists. In particular it analyses the recent writings of Richard Sennett and Zygmunt Bauman, who identify contemporary life as “the culture of the new capitalism” and “liquid modernity” respectively. They consider how such change might affect how individuals feel about themselves and their place in society. Throughout, the thesis demonstrates how this work might be applied to the study of sitcom and combines social theory with a detailed analysis of this television form in transformation, arguing that sitcom remains a resonant site for audiences to participate in a productive discourse about how we live today.

This thesis is about police reports concerning school violence in Sweden involving children below the age of criminal responsibility. Police reports about incidents caused by pupils in Swedish compulsory schools have increased since at least the 1980s. In research on violent, threatening and insulting acts among children in schools, incidence and causes are often studied in terms of bullying and degrading treatment. Criminological studies on children's violent acts, in schools, is mainly based on information on children aged 15 and over. Research on why police reports are filed about younger children in compulsory schools is limited. The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse school-related police reports, in relation to children’s unwanted actions in compulsory schools with the goal of understanding the intentionality in every day practice. The empirical material consists of four studies of which three have been conducted using qualitative methods through analysing legal documents, using content analysis of texts in school-related police reports and interviews with Principals. The fourth study has been carried out with statistical analysis of school-related police reports. The results of the studies are presented in four papers. This thesis takes the approach from modern sociology which is used both as perspectives and theory. The perspectives concern modernity, social control and cultural sensitivity. The theoretical framework is based on theory of systems and lifeworld. The concluding analysis shows local differences in the assessments on which action will be reported to the police. It is mainly Principals who make reports to the police but also parents. Principals’ police reports are based on social commitment and early intervention and parents report concern about repeated school bullying of their children. Despite diverse local practices certain patterns appear. Boys in the 13-14 years age group are the ones most often seen as perpetrators in the police reports. Two particularly prominent patterns become visible at the school level. Most police reports are related to schools with low grades and to so-called resource schools. This indicates that the unwanted actions of disadvantaged children are more often reported to the police than the actions of other children. The filing of police reports can be understood as a result of difficulties among adults to reach common understanding on how children’s problems should be handled in school systems everyday practice.

L'objectif de cette recherche est de réfléchir à la notion de vrai dans l'économie discursive du témoignage. C'est-à-dire que ce mémoire se concentre sur le rapport entre le discours critique et académique d'une part, et le discours littéraire de l'autre. Une première partie s'attache à délimiter les contours de du problème, à partir notamment des notions de de vrai et de vraisemblable. Une étude comparative permet d'introduire trois auteurs qui serviront d'exemple tout au long de la recherche: Primo Levi, Jorge Semprun, et Charlotte Delbo. On fait un bref survol de l'évolution des deux économies discursives depuis les tout premiers témoignages (années 40-50) jusqu'au tournant narratif symbolisé par le procès Eichmann. Cela correspond aussi à la parution d'un témoignage à part: Le sang du ciel, de Piotr Rawicz. La seconde partie est un état de la question sur le roman de Rawicz. Comment le fait qu'il s'agisse d'une fiction, notamment, a été discuté par la critique et dans les contributions universitaires qui lui sont consacrées. Cette incursion dans l'herméneutique nous permet d'identifier trois vagues critiques distinctes, selon les époques et les pays. Enfin, la dernière partie s'attache à montrer que Le sang du ciel est un témoignage pensé comme un projet esthétique, dont la modernité ne cède pas à la facilité du refus de dire de quoi on parle, mais qui au contraire pose des questions de son temps et ose aborder les sujets que l'on doit taire selon la doxa. / The purpose of this research is to reflect the notion of truth in the discursive economy of testimony. This study examines, on the one hand, the critical or academic discourses and, on the other, the literary discourse itself. The first part defines the nature of the problem, particularly with references to notion of truth and verisimilitude. As the basis of comparison, the analysis introduces three authors who will be points of refernence throughout the research: Primo Levi, Jorge Semprun, and Charlotte Delbo. At the outset, this study presents the general lines of the two discursive economies' evolution, from the very first survivor accounts (the 40's and the 50's) to the narrative turning point symbolized by Eichmann's trial. This latter coincides with the publication of a unique literary account: Blood from the Sky, of Piotr Rawicz. The second part examines the critical and academic reception of Rawicz's novel, which revolved around the work's fictionality. This foray into hermeneutics allows for indentfying free stages of criticism, varying according to time periods and countries. Finally, the last part aims to show that Blood from the Sky is a witness account conceived as an aesthetic project whose modernity does not stop at refusing to say what is at issue. On the contrary, the novel asks questions of its own time and dares to broach topics that the general consensus we should avoid.

<p>What do Buddhist monks really know about Buddhism? How do they imagine their religion, and more importantly, how does their understanding of their tradition differ from the one found in our typical introduction to Buddhism textbooks? In order to address these fundamental questions, this dissertation concentrates on the educational programs and curricular canons of Korean Buddhism. It aims to find out which part of their enormous canonical and non-canonical literature do Korean Buddhist professionals choose to focus on as the required curriculum in their training (and what do they leave out), why is it chosen and by whom, and how does this specific education shape their understanding of their own religion and their roles within it. It tracks down the 20th-century invention of the so-called `traditional' Korean monastic curriculum and delineates the current 21st-century curricular reforms and the heated debates surrounding them. Ultimately, it illustrates how instead of Buddhist academics learning from the Buddhists about Buddhism, it is actually often the Buddhists in their monasteries who end up simulating the educational agendas of Buddhist studies.</p><p> Research for this work involved diverse methodologies. Multiple-sited ethnographic fieldwork in monasteries was supplemented by archival digging in the Chogye Order's headquarters in Seoul and textual analysis of historical records, Buddhist media reports, and online blogs. I have visited the current official 17 monastic seminaries in Korea, as well as many of the new specialized monastic graduate institutes and lay schools, interviewed teachers and students on site, and inspected classrooms and schedules. During winter 2013-4 I have conducted a full-scale participant observation attending the Buddhist lay school of Hwagyesa, during which I engaged some of my classmates with in-depth interviews, and distributed a written attitude survey among the class.</p> / Dissertation

In my thesis, I tried to describe the process of transformation of premodern and modern society focusing on the creation and development of a new spirituality. In this context, I further came with a terminological definition of the phenomenon. Next the work deals with the sphere of the new spirituality in the form of sects. First of all sects are taken in generally, so that the whole theme can be dealt in its width. Subsequently, my work focuses on the topic of Jehovah`s Witnesses in attempt to determine the extent of this society as a sect. Within each chapter it is possible to see the sect in terms of attractiveness, dynamics of group functioning or for example dependence, manipulation and insecurity. In the chapter called Jehovah's Witnesses the overall picture is completed. This religious society is presented based on its historical development, description of the life of Jehovah's Witnesses members and also through its activities in the Czech Republic. The conclusion contains evaluation of this religious organization including general assessment of the importance of sects. Keywords Religionistic, religion, sects, Jehova's Wittnesses, moderni

Notre sujet de recherche est le compositeur brésilien Antônio Carlos Jobim. Il est né à Rio de Janeiro dans les années 1920, époque de grandes transformations socioculturelles au Brésil, mais aussi en Europe. Il est un compositeur issu de la musique populaire brésilienne, qui sera l’un de principaux acteurs responsables de transformations de cette musique. Son essence est sa caractéristique savante/populaire qui s’illustre symboliquement dans le concept de « l’anthropophagie ». Notre problématique est liée à la «modernité » dont fait partie Jobim, et à ses effets sur la musique populaire. C’est pourquoi nous avons analysé des compositions et des arrangements de Jobim, ce qui nous a servi à élucider son style, tout comme les diverses influences qu’il a reçues. En tant que compositeur et auteur, nous avons choisi une optique interdisciplinaire pour analyser son langage et son discours musical. Les principales sources d’intérêt de cette recherche sont d’abord, qu’elle traite de la musique savante européenne et brésilienne de la fin du 19e et du début du 20e siècle, de certaines musiques populaires, et de la façon dont elles s’incorporent dans la musique « moderne » brésilienne de Jobim. En effet, le manque de travaux universitaires sur le sujet, en tous cas dans cette optique musicologique, a motivé notre recherche. D’autre part, l’impact de ce compositeur à l’échelle internationale est important car, au-delà de synthétiser une partie de la musique populaire à travers son langage, il va s’inscrire comme un compositeur charnière qui aura marqué son époque. / The subject of my research pertains to the Brazilian composer Antônio Carlos Jobim. As composer and author, I have chosen an interdisciplinary approach, between music and musicology. There is an analysis of his musical language and his musical speech. He was born in Rio de Janeiro in the 1920s, during the period of the big cultural transformations in Brazil, and also in Europe. The main issue is connected to the brazilian popular music and the "modernity" of which Jobim is a representative. He is a composer bound to the brazilian popular music, and will be one of the main actors responsible for the profound evolutionary transformations of this music. My topic is connected with modernity, a specific feature of Jobim, and its impact over popular music. I have therefore analysed Jobim original themes, as well as its arrangements. From this, we have been able to characterize its style, and its influences. I have also chosen an interdisciplinary approach to analyse its musical language. The main interest of this research is that it deals with the erudite music from Europe and Brazil at the end of 19th century and beginning of 20th century, with some popular music and the way that they get intertwined. Indeed, the lack of university research work in this direction has motivated my research. Eventually, this musician appears as a key composer of its time, with a large international impact, in addition to his large synthesis capacity.

Cette thèse vise à mettre en lumière une conception de l'exclusion qui permette d'articuler à l'épistémè psychanalytique l'apport de l'anthropologie et de la philosophie moderne. Ma pratique clinique dans le champ de la précarité et de la toxicomanie m'a conduit à poser la question de l'articulation entre l'individuel et le sociétal, qui en appellerait à une conception du sujet entendu comme « être de culture ». La nouveauté du champ, s'il y en a, serait celle d'un phénomène, l'exclusion, qui est lui-même le produit d'un discours. Forme extrême d'un déliement propre à la modernité, l'exclusion révèlerait aujourd'hui une nécessité plus que jamais d'actualité de redéfinir ce qui s'articule au manque dans la conception du sujet. L'hypothèse générale qui est mise à l'épreuve dans ce travail serait que l'exclu souffre d'un statut d'exception pouvant apparaître comme un préjudice par rapport au renforcement discursif de l'idéal communautaire d'unité. L'expérience de l'exclusion renverrait ainsi paradoxalement à une position d'individualité absolue en même temps qu'à une indifférenciation. Cette recherche est praxéologique, basée sur une clinique du transfert. Elle vise à mettre en lumière la qualité des choses étudiées plutôt que de prédire leur reproductibilité. A travers des récits de rencontres, la mise à l'épreuve des hypothèses passe ainsi par la validation des effets de l'interprétation dans la dynamique transférentielle. / This thesis seeks to highlight a concept of exclusion which brings together the psychoanalytical episteme with modern anthropology and philosophy. My clinical practice in the field of the socially vulnerable and drug addiction has led me to question the connection between the individual and the societal, requiring the subject to be understood as a ‘cultural being'. The originality of the approach lies in the phenomenon of exclusion, which itself is the product of a discourse. As the extreme form of dissociation proper to modernity, exclusion reveals today an urgent contemporary need to redefine what is articulated in what lacks from the conception of the subject. The general hypothesis tested in this research is that the excluded subject suffers from an exceptional status which can appear as a prejudice in relation to the reinforced discursive field of the ideal of unity within a community. The experience of exclusion returns the subject then paradoxically to a position of absolute individuality at the same time as demonstrating a lack of differentiation. My research is praxeological, based on a study of transference. It seeks to highlight the quality of things studied rather than to predict their reproducibility. Using accounts of meetings, the hypothesis is tested through the validation of the effects of interpretation in the dynamic of transference. It is critical in this research to understand exclusion through its value as experience, in order to defend a psychoanalytical theory of exclusion which, beyond the form associated with material exclusion which we recognize, would reveal a much more global level of experience of which everyone today can sense an effect.