With the greatly increased rate of social and economic change in North America since World War II, the flexible/adaptable house has become an alternative to the conventional single-family, detached housing that both exceeds the needs and means of many non-traditional households. Theories and experience worldwide have shown that housing flexibility that is based on user participation allows decision-makers to adapt housing projects to meet the changing general needs. However, technological bottlenecks in the invention of new materials and techniques can restrict flexibility. This study examines construction products that contribute to increased flexibility in wood-frame low-rise housing. / Prefabrication has been the construction industry's approach to achieving housing flexibility. The strategy has been to incorporate flexibility into each subsystem or component through the use of new materials and techniques, in order to create overall building flexibility. The research presented in this thesis shows that different products offer different levels of flexibility, and that combining them does not necessarily produce greater overall flexibility. By examining the positive and negative aspects of these products, the author is able to suggest new directions for the development of future innovations in housing flexibility.

The main results of this thesis describe a relationship between two families of arithmetic divisors on an integral model of a Shimura curve. The first family, studied by Kudla, Rapoport and Yang, parametrizes abelian surfaces with specified endomorphism structure. The second family is comprised of pullbacks of arithmetic cycles on integral models of Shimura varieties associated to unitary groups of signature (1,1). In the thesis, we construct these families of cycles, and describe their relationship, which is expressed in terms of the ``Shimura lift", a classical tool in the theory of modular forms of half-integral weight. This relations can be viewed as further evidence for the modularity of generating series of arithmetic "special cycles" for U(1,1), and fits broadly into Kudla's programme for unitary groups.

Let V( ) denote a local system of weight on X = A2;n(C), where X is the moduli space of principle polarized abelian varieties of genus 2 over C with xed n-level structure. The inner cohomology of X with coe cients in V( ), H3 ! (X;V( )), has a Hodge ltration of weight 3. Each term of this Hodge ltration can be presented as space of cuspidal automorphic representations of genus 2. We consider the purely non-holomorphic part of H3 ! (X;V( )) denoted by H3 Ends(X;V( )). First of all we show that there is a non-zero subspace of H3 Ends(X;V( )) denoted by V (K), where K is an open compact subgroup of GSp(4;A), such that elements of V (K) are obtained by the global theta lifting of cuspidal automorphic representations of GL(2) GL(2)=Gm. This means that there is a non-zero part of H3 Ends(X;V( )) which is endoscopic. Secondly, we consider the local theta correspondence and nd an explicit answer for the level of lifted cuspidal automorphic representations to GSp(4; F) over a non-archimedean local eld F. Therefore, we can present an explicit way for nding a basis for V (K) for a xed level structure K. ii There is a part of the Hodge structure that only contributes in H(3;0) ! (X;V( )) H(0;3) ! (X;V( )). This part is endoscopic and coming from the Yoshida lift from O(4). Finally, in the case X = A2, if eendo(A2;V( )) denotes the motive corresponded to the strict endoscopic part (the part that contributes only in non-holomorphic terms of the Hodge ltration), then we have eendo(A2;V( )) = s 1+ 2+4S[ 1 2 + 2]L 2+1; (1) where = ( 1; 2) and is far from walls. Here S[k] denotes the motive corresponded to Sk, the space of cuspidal automorphic forms of weight k and trivial level, and sk = dim(Sk). ii

The main results of this thesis describe a relationship between two families of arithmetic divisors on an integral model of a Shimura curve. The first family, studied by Kudla, Rapoport and Yang, parametrizes abelian surfaces with specified endomorphism structure. The second family is comprised of pullbacks of arithmetic cycles on integral models of Shimura varieties associated to unitary groups of signature (1,1). In the thesis, we construct these families of cycles, and describe their relationship, which is expressed in terms of the ``Shimura lift", a classical tool in the theory of modular forms of half-integral weight. This relations can be viewed as further evidence for the modularity of generating series of arithmetic "special cycles" for U(1,1), and fits broadly into Kudla's programme for unitary groups.

Let V( ) denote a local system of weight on X = A2;n(C), where X is the moduli space of principle polarized abelian varieties of genus 2 over C with xed n-level structure. The inner cohomology of X with coe cients in V( ), H3 ! (X;V( )), has a Hodge ltration of weight 3. Each term of this Hodge ltration can be presented as space of cuspidal automorphic representations of genus 2. We consider the purely non-holomorphic part of H3 ! (X;V( )) denoted by H3 Ends(X;V( )). First of all we show that there is a non-zero subspace of H3 Ends(X;V( )) denoted by V (K), where K is an open compact subgroup of GSp(4;A), such that elements of V (K) are obtained by the global theta lifting of cuspidal automorphic representations of GL(2) GL(2)=Gm. This means that there is a non-zero part of H3 Ends(X;V( )) which is endoscopic. Secondly, we consider the local theta correspondence and nd an explicit answer for the level of lifted cuspidal automorphic representations to GSp(4; F) over a non-archimedean local eld F. Therefore, we can present an explicit way for nding a basis for V (K) for a xed level structure K. ii There is a part of the Hodge structure that only contributes in H(3;0) ! (X;V( )) H(0;3) ! (X;V( )). This part is endoscopic and coming from the Yoshida lift from O(4). Finally, in the case X = A2, if eendo(A2;V( )) denotes the motive corresponded to the strict endoscopic part (the part that contributes only in non-holomorphic terms of the Hodge ltration), then we have eendo(A2;V( )) = s 1+ 2+4S[ 1 2 + 2]L 2+1; (1) where = ( 1; 2) and is far from walls. Here S[k] denotes the motive corresponded to Sk, the space of cuspidal automorphic forms of weight k and trivial level, and sk = dim(Sk). ii

No description available.

This thesis introduces an alternative Fault-Tolerant Power-Aware Hybrid Adder (or simply FARHAD) for high-performance processors. FARHAD, similar to earlier studies, relies on performing add operations twice to detect errors. Unlike previous studies, FARHAD uses an aggressive adder to produce the initial outcome and a low-power adder to generate the second outcome, referred to as the checker. FARHAD uses checkpoints, a feature already available to high-performance processors, to recover from errors. FARHAD achieves the high energy-efficiency of time-redundant solutions and the high performance of resource-redundant adders. We evaluate FARHAD from power and performance points of view using a subset of SPEC’2K benchmarks. Our evaluations show that FARHAD outperforms an alternative time-redundant solution by 20%. FARHAD reduces the power dissipation of an alternative resource-redundant adder by 40% while maintaining performance. / Graduate / 0544

Knowing the sequence specificities of transcription factors allows us to surmise their functions and establish their regulatory roles in genomes. The most common DNA-binding domain among eukaryotic transcription factors is the Cys2His2 zinc finger domain; however, despite their prevalence, the specificities of the majority of Cys2His2 zinc finger proteins remain unknown due to the difficulty in assaying them. My objective was to develop a new phage displayed-based assay, in which individual Cys2His2 domains are displayed on phage in an otherwise constant three-finger protein scaffold. In Chapter 2, I discuss evidence for the modularity of the Cys2His2 domain, since my assay requires that zinc fingers be modular. In Chapter 3, I describe my results on the development of this phage display-based assay. This work provides support for a new strategy to determine the specificities of individual zinc fingers, which can be used to infer specificities for multi-finger Cys2His2 proteins.

Knowing the sequence specificities of transcription factors allows us to surmise their functions and establish their regulatory roles in genomes. The most common DNA-binding domain among eukaryotic transcription factors is the Cys2His2 zinc finger domain; however, despite their prevalence, the specificities of the majority of Cys2His2 zinc finger proteins remain unknown due to the difficulty in assaying them. My objective was to develop a new phage displayed-based assay, in which individual Cys2His2 domains are displayed on phage in an otherwise constant three-finger protein scaffold. In Chapter 2, I discuss evidence for the modularity of the Cys2His2 domain, since my assay requires that zinc fingers be modular. In Chapter 3, I describe my results on the development of this phage display-based assay. This work provides support for a new strategy to determine the specificities of individual zinc fingers, which can be used to infer specificities for multi-finger Cys2His2 proteins.

This thesis presents the ASIC implementation of the RSA algorithm, which is one of the most widely used Public Key Cryptosystems (PKC) in the world. In RSA Cryptosystem, modular exponentiation of large integers is used for both encryption and decryption processes. The security of the RSA increases as the number of the bits increase. However, as the numbers become larger (1024-bit or higher) the challenge is to provide architectures, which can be implemented in hardware, operate at high clock speeds, use a minimum of resources and can be used in real-time applications. In this thesis, a semi-custom VLSI implementation of the RSA Cryptosystem is performed for both 512-bit and 1024-bit processes using 0.35&micro / m AMI Semiconductor Standard Cell Libraries. By suiting the design into a systolic and regular architecture, the broadcasting signals and routing delays are minimized in the implementation. With this regular architecture, the results of 3ns clock period (627Kbps) using 87K gates (8.7mm2 with I/O pads) for the 512-bit implementation, and 4ns clock period (237Kps) using 132K gates (10.4mm2 with I/O pads) for the 1024-bit implementation have been achieved. These results are obtained for the worst-case conditions and they include the post-layout routing delays. The design is also verified in real time using the Xilinx V2000E FPGA on the Celoxica RC1000 Hardware. The 1024-bit VLSI implementation has been sent to IMEC for fabrication as a prototype chip through Europractice Multi-Project Wafer (MPW) runs.