Spelling suggestions: "subject:"modular construction."" "subject:"nodular construction.""
31 |
Aplicação do estudo da interface homem maquina em cadeiras de rodas motorizadas / Application of human machine interface research in powered wheelchairMadeira, Paulo Henrique de Araujo 22 February 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Franco Giuseppe Dedini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T20:07:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Madeira_PauloHenriquedeAraujo_M.pdf: 5298392 bytes, checksum: 05f68847570423d7d13072c10b061a19 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Há uma parcela da população que, por possuir severas limitações físicas e motoras, é inapta a utilizar cadeiras de rodas convencionais, manuais ou elétricas, bem como dispositivos de interface que não consideram as suas características particulares. Deste modo, este trabalho possui foco no desenvolvimento de interfaces e sistemas de navegação para cadeiras de rodas, provendo soluções para a inclusão deste grupo de usuários. Para isto, a revisão bibliográfica envolve três aspectos: as interfaces para usuários, os sistemas de navegação e a integração entre ambos. Primeiramente localiza-se a interface como parte da relação entre usuário e tarefa, para posteriormente restringir-se a interfaces para portadores de severas limitações físicas. Reconhecendo que determinados tipos de limitações de usuários demandam sistemas de navegação, estes são descritos na forma de exemplos de implementações. A revisão bibliográfica conclui com a descrição de métodos para a integração entre interface, navegação e controle da cadeira de rodas. Com base nesta pesquisa bibliográfica, desenvolveu-se um protocolo de integração e três tipos interfaces: controle de voz, filtragem do sinal de joystick para usuários com dificuldade em posicionar a mão, e controle por contrações musculares. A interface de reconhecimento de voz permitiu obter dois protótipos: um primeiro que utiliza um software comercial e um segundo em microcontrolador. A interface de filtragem do sinal do joystick foi prototipada virtualmente, demonstrando a resposta deste filtro a diferentes distúrbios. A interface que utiliza controle por contrações musculares foi implementada em protótipo funcional, por meio de um microcontrolador, e modularizada por meio do protocolo de integração desenvolvido. Este protocolo de integração foi testado em um kit de motorização com os módulos joystick, interface por contrações musculares e sonar, permitindo alternar, remover e inserir módulos sem a necessidade de reprogramação / Abstract: There is a part of population, with physical impairment, that cannot use conventional manual or powered wheelchair and kinds of interface with do not consider they own characteristics. To solve this problem, this work does a bibliographic review on wheelchair interfaces and navigation support, alloying development on solutions for inclusion of this users group. The bibliographic review embraces three aspects: interfaces and users, navigation support systems, and integration between navigation and interfaces. The first chapter, interfaces and users, localizes the interface as an medium between user and task, allowing to be more focused on next chapter: interfaces for wheelchair uses with severe impairment level. Recognizing about in some kind¿s of user impairment levels an adequate interface is not enough, navigation support systems are described. The bibliographic review concludes with a description about integration methods for interfaces, navigation support and wheelchair control. Based on this bibliographic review, an integration protocol and three interfaces have developed: voice control, joystick filtering for users with difficult on hand positioning, and muscular contraction control. The voice recognition interface allows creating two prototypes: one with commercial software, and a second using embedded microcontroller on wheelchair. The joystick filtering interface was virtually prototyped allowing response tests for different noisy sources. The muscular contraction interface has implemented as functional prototyping, by a microcontroller, and modularized by the developed modularization protocol. This protocol has tested in a wheelchair motorization kit with joystick, muscular contraction interface and auxiliary sonar modules, allowing inserting or removing then without any reprogramming needs / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
|
32 |
Förstärkning av träregelstomme med KL-trä : Teoretisk utvärdering av olika ytterväggstyper / Strengthening of light frame timber walls with CLT : Evaluation of different wall typesLarsson, Joel January 2020 (has links)
På senare tid har intresset för och viljan att bygga flerbostadshus i trä ökat och medfört en trend att bygga allt högre hus med stomme av trä. En aktör är Lindbäcks Bygg som bygger flerbostadshusi trä med volymelement och lätt regelstomme. Idag begränsas dock möjligt antal våningar med regelstomme till 6 – 8 våningar. Ett relativt nytt material inom träbyggnadstekniken är korslimmat trä (KL-trä) vars användning gjort det möjligt att bygga högre byggnader i trä. Examensarbetets syfte är att studera olika lösningar för hur Lindbäcks regelstomme kan förstärkas med KL-trä, vilket kan göra det möjligt att bygga allt högre flerbostadshus i trä. Samt att jämföra denna lösning med den idag använda regelstommen utan KL-trä. Studien har avgränsats till att enbart behandla ytterväggar. För att uppskatta rimliga laster på ytterväggar i en flervåningsbyggnad togs en principbyggnad (ihopsatt av ett antal volymelement) fram. I beräkningar tillämpades ett antal olika ytterväggstyper, en med den idag användaregelstommen (referensvägg) samt fem med regelstomme i kombination med KL-skivor i olika tjocklekar. För principbyggnaden kontrollerades genom beräkningar hur högt det är möjligt att bygga vid tillämpning av vardera ytterväggstyp. De olika ytterväggstyperna med KL-trä jämfördes även med referensytterväggen utifrån U-värde samt kostnad. Idag används KL-trä ibland av Lindbäcks och då som stabiliserande väggar. I deras fabriker tillämpas en lösning där KL-träskivorna fälls in mellan syll och hammarband tillsammans med reglarna. Beräkningar har visat att det, för principbyggnaden, med denna lösning är möjligt att bygga maximalt 2 våningar högre jämfört med referensytterväggen, detta för den bästa av ytterväggstypernaförstärkta med KL-trä. Det som begränsar ett högre antal våningar är trycket vinkelrätt fiberriktningen på syllen under KL-skivorna. Beräkningar visar att det finns en potential att med regelstomme förstärkt med KL-trä kunna bygga ännu högre om en annan lösning används där KL-träskivorna placeras på utsidan av syll, hammarband och reglar istället för infälld mellan syll och hammarband. Med denna lösning undviks tryck vinkelrätt fiberriktningen på syll under KL-skivor och KL-skivans kapacitet kan utnyttjas effektivare då normalkraftskapaciteten för själva skivan blir den begränsande faktorn för hur högt det går att bygga. Enligt beräkningar är det, för principbyggnaden, med denna lösning möjligt att bygga uppemot 8 våningar högre än med referensytterväggen. När KL-trä används i stommen ökar energiförlusterna genom väggen, dvs. U-värdet ökar, då reglar med mellanliggande isolering ersätts av KL-trä med sämre värmeledningsförmåga. Enligt beräkningar uppskattas U-värdet öka jmf. med för referensyttervägg, detta med ca. 20 – 40 % beroende på ytterväggstyp. Ökningen kan dock begränsas till ca. 0,4 – 14 % genom införande av ett 45 mm installationsskikt med isolering på väggens insida. Även kostnaden för ytterväggstyper med regelstomme förstärkt med KL-trä uppskattas öka jmf. med uppskattad kostnad för referensyttervägg. Detta med uppskattningsvis 40 – 50 %, vilket till huvudsak är en följd av ökad materialkostnad för KL-skivor som delvis ersätter reglar med mellanliggande isolering. / Today there is an increased interest in building taller buildings with timber. Lindbäcks Bygg is one of companies that uses modular construction with light timber stud frames. However, a problem with light timber frames is that the building height is limited to roughly 6 - 8 stories. A relatively new product in timber engineering is cross laminated timber (CLT) and the use of this product have made it possible to build taller timber buildings. The purpose of this study is to investigate different solutions for how Lindbäcks can strengthen their stud frames by using CLT and thereby build taller buildings. The difference with respect to U-value and cost between the walls strengthened width CLT and the typical stud frame wall, that is used today, is also studied. The study has been limited to exterior walls only. A multi-storey building consisting of several modules/volume elements has been used to estimate reasonable loads on the exterior walls. Different wall types, one with the ordinary stud frame (the reference wall) and five types of stud walls strengthened with different thicknesses of CLT, have been investigated. The maximal number of storeys that can be build, the U-value and the cost were determined by calculations for each of the studied wall types and were compared with the results for the reference wall. Today, Lindbäcks Bygg sometimes uses CLT for stabilizing walls. In their factories, they use a solution in which the CLT-plate is placed between the top and bottom plate together with the studs. According to the calculations it is, with this solution, possible to build up to 2 storeys higher then with the reference wall. The limiting factor for how high it is possible to build, is compression perpendicular to the grain on the bottom plate underneath the CLT-plate. If a solution where the CLT-plate is placed on the outside of the frame (consisting of studs, top and bottom plate) is used instead of between the top and bottom plate does the calculations show that a higher number of storeys is possible. With this solution, the compression perpendicular to the grain underneath the CLT-plate is avoided and the limiting factor is instead the compression strength of the CLT-plate. This means that the CLT can be used more efficiently. Calculations show that it is possible to build up to 8 storeys higher with this solution compared to what is possible with the reference wall. With CLT increases the energy losses through the wall, i.e. increased U-value, since studs with insulation in between is partially replaced with CLT that has worse thermal conductivity. According to the calculations, the U-value is 20 – 40 % higher (depending on the wall type) compared to the reference wall. The increase in U-value can be limited to 0.4 – 14 % by adding an extra layer with 45 mm insulation on the inside of the CLT-plate. The cost for the wall types strengthened with CLT is also higher compared to the estimated cost for the reference wall. The main reason for this is increased cost of materials since the studs with insulation in between is partially replaced with the more expensive CLT, which is an engineered wood product. The increase in cost is estimated to roughly 40 – 50 % of the cost for the reference wall.
|
33 |
DEVELOPMENT, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION OF A HUMAN-BUILDING INTERACTIONS LABORATORYSourabh Deepak Yadav (12224741) 20 April 2022 (has links)
<div>The evolution of existing building construction is envisioned as modular construction. Instead of on-site construction, buildings can be assembled on-site using prefabricated modular elements. These modular elements could integrate intelligent building technologies to enable autonomous, occupant responsive, scalable, cost-effective, and sustainable features. On-site assembly of modular construction elements would offer better quality control, decrease material waste and resources, with more predictable schedules. These building elements would allow more cost-effective integration of new intelligent sensors, adaptive interfaces, renewable energy and energy recovery technologies, comfort delivery, and resiliency technologies, making high-performance buildings more affordable. To explore and evaluate these modular and intelligent comfort delivery concepts and advanced approaches for interaction with occupants, a new Human-Building Interactions Laboratory (HBIL) has been designed and is under development. The facility has a modular construction layout with thermally active panels, and the interior surface temperature of each panel can be individually controlled using a hydronic system. Such configuration allows us to emulate different climate zones and building type conditions and perform studies such as the effect of different kinds of active building surfaces on thermal comfort, localized comfort delivery, and occupant comfort control. Moreover, each panel is reconfigurable to investigate different interior surface treatments for thermal, visual, and acoustic comfort conditions. <br></div><div>In this MS thesis work, the overall design approach of the facility is presented. Development, experimental investigation of thermal performance, and aligned design modifications of a prototype thermo-active wall panel are explained in detail. Detailed development of a 1-D transient numerical model for the prototype wall panel and its tuning and validation are also presented. Furthermore, the design and installation plan of the hydronic system for the HBIL facility are also presented with an initial commissioning plan.</div>
|
34 |
Serielles Bauen mit Holz im urbanen Raum: Entwicklungsstand und Perspektiven der deutschen BauwirtschaftBetz, Theresa 01 November 2024 (has links)
Der serielle Holzbau bietet durch seine Vorfertigungsmöglichkeit großes Potenzial zur Bewältigung
der aktuellen Herausforderungen der deutschen Bauwirtschaft. Trotz dieses Potenzials verläuft der
Übergang von der konventionellen Massivbauweise zum seriellen Holzbau nur langsam. Ziel dieser
Arbeit ist es, die Gründe für diesen langsamen Transformationsprozess zu untersuchen. Hierzu wer-
den umfassende Einblicke in die Einsatzmöglichkeiten, Chancen und Herausforderungen sowie das
Marktpotenzial der seriellen Holzbauweise gegeben.
Die Wertschöpfungskette des seriellen Holzbaus kann variierend modular gestaltet werden, was zu
unterschiedlichen Vorfertigungsstufen führt. Diese reichen von linearen über flächige bis hin zu
raumbildenden Elementen, woraus eine abgestufte Komplexitätsreduktion auf der Baustelle resul-
tiert. Wenn es um den Bau im Bestand geht, erweist sich die serielle Bauweise insbesondere bei Auf-
stockungsmaßnahmen und energetischen Sanierungen als geeignet. Durch sein geringes Gewicht
bei gleichzeitig hoher Tragfähigkeit weist Holz die optimalen Materialeigenschaften für diese Bautä-
tigkeiten auf.:1 Einleitung 1
1.1 Ausgangslage und Problemstellung 1
1.2 Zielsetzung 2
1.3 Struktur der Arbeit 2
1.4 Begriffsdefinition 2
2 Serielles Bauen 3
2.1 Begrifflichkeit 3
2.2 Fertigteilbau (Lineare Elemente) 4
2.3 Systembau (Flächige Elemente) 5
2.4 Modulares Bauen (Raumbildende Elemente) 7
3 Serielles Sanieren 9
3.1 Effizienzsteigerung des Baubestands 9
3.1.1 Energetische Sanierung 9
3.1.2 Aufstockung 11
3.1.3 Erweiterungen 12
3.2 Beispiel einer vollumfänglichen Sanierung 13
4 Chancen 14
4.1 Ökologie 14
4.1.1 CO2 -Speicher 14
4.1.2 Substitution fossiler Rohstoffe 14
4.1.3 Abfall und Transportwege 16
4.2 Ökonomie 16
4.2.1 Baukosten 16
4.2.2 Kostensicherheit 18
4.2.3 Staatliche Förderungen 18
4.3 Vorfertigung 19
4.3.1 Qualität 19
4.3.2 Fachkräftemangel 19
4.3.3 Bauzeit 20
5 Herausforderungen 21
5.1 Planungsphase 21
5.1.1 Planungsaufwand 21
5.1.2 Brandschutz 22
5.1.3 Vergabeverfahren 24
5.2 Standardisierungsgrad 25
5.3 Ausführungsphase 26
5.3.1 Transportlogistik 26
5.3.2 Produktionskapazitäten 26
6 Wirtschaftlichkeit 27
6.1 Branchenstruktur 27
6.2 Marktlage 28
6.2.1 Branchenumsätze 28
6.2.2 Holzbauquote 30
6.3 Marktpotenziale 32
7 Fazit 35
EIDESSTATTLICHE ERKLÄRUNG VI
LITERATURVERZEICHNIS VII
ONLINE-QUELLEN IX
ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS XI
ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS XII
TABELLENVERZEICHNIS XIII
|
35 |
Sustainable Construction Practices of Intentional Communities: a Pilot Investigation in Loudoun County, Virginia and Frederick County, MarylandShedd, Jason Lee 11 August 2012 (has links)
This project investigated the sustainability of homes within three intentional communities. Semi-structured interview and photographic walkthroughs examined the variability of architectural and technological approaches toward sustainability. These include: passive solar design, green roofs, radiant flooring, composting toilets, ground assist heat pumps, solar water heaters, multiamily units and modular construction. It was hypothesized that variation in sustainable construction is related to socioeconomic status and that economics would be a constraint. This project investigated whether communities were transmitting their practices to wider society, if individuals were copying vernacular architecture and if architectural practices followed individual beliefs regarding sustainability. It was found that the Internet is the main method of conveying these practices; that variability was tied less to individual beliefs than to the communities’ institutional documents; and that copying vernacular architecture was for aesthetics not sustainability. Intentional communities are good models for sustainable development, but knowledge transmission is limited.
|
36 |
Tectonic Potentials of Earthen Materials: Post-Tensioned StructuresMaher, Joy Samuel Labib 22 July 2024 (has links)
[ES] A lo largo de los años, numerosos materiales de construcción han sido objeto de experimentación y mejoras tecnológicas para cumplir con sus propósitos previstos y mantenerse competitivos en la industria de la construcción. En una era marcada por crecientes preocupaciones sobre el cambio climático, la selección de materiales de construcción con bajo impacto de carbono es fundamental. Sin embargo, materiales locales como la tierra carecen de los avances técnicos y la integridad estructural necesarios para lograr una adopción generalizada entre arquitectos y la sociedad.
Si bien los materiales a base de tierra ofrecen beneficios ambientales innegables, como baja energía incorporada y emisiones de carbono, persisten dudas sobre su rendimiento técnico y su fiabilidad estructural. Los arquitectos y constructores a menudo prefieren opciones convencionales percibidas como más fiables.
La tesis busca explorar las posibilidades arquitectónicas de los materiales de tierra, examinando formas de integrarlos en varios elementos arquitectónicos y proponiendo enfoques de diseño innovadores, como estructuras postensadas, para mejorar su usabilidad y ampliar sus aplicaciones. El objetivo es capitalizar las cualidades únicas de los materiales terrosos y desafiar la noción predominante de ellos como formas estandarizadas y planas, abordando las preocupaciones de viabilidad.
La metodología de investigación emplea un método mixto concurrente, que combina datos experimentales con observaciones del comportamiento del material para derivar resultados. A través de un proceso de experimentación de tres fases, se prueban rigurosamente variables como materiales de moldeo, mezclas de tierra y estructuras postensadas. El diseño iterativo y las pruebas meticulosas refinan las técnicas de fabricación, asegurando la solidez del diseño de investigación.
En resumen, esta tesis avanza significativamente los materiales de construcción contemporáneos y la ingeniería arquitectónica. A través de la innovación y la colaboración interdisciplinaria, facilita la creación de estructuras funcionales y estéticamente agradables que se integran perfectamente con su entorno, al tiempo que empujan los límites de los paradigmas de diseño convencionales. / [CA] Al llarg dels anys, nombrosos materials de construcció han sigut objecte d'experimentació i millores tecnològiques per a complir amb els seus propòsits previstos i mantindre's competitius en la indústria de la construcció. En una era marcada per creixents preocupacions sobre el canvi climàtic, la selecció de materials de construcció amb baix impacte de carboni és fonamental. No obstant això, materials locals com la terra manquen dels avanços tècnics i la integritat estructural necessàries per a aconseguir una adopció generalitzada entre arquitectes i la societat.
Encara que els materials a base de terra ofereixen beneficis ambientals innegables, com baixa energia incorporada i emissions de carboni, persisteixen dubtes sobre el seu rendiment tècnic i la seua fiabilitat estructural. Els arquitectes i constructors sovint prefereixen opcions convencionals percebudes com més fiables.
La tesi busca explorar les possibilitats arquitectòniques dels materials de terra, examinant maneres d'integrar-los en diversos elements arquitectònics i proposant enfocaments de disseny innovadors, com ara estructures postensades, per a millorar la seua usabilitat i ampliar les seues aplicacions. L'objectiu és capitalitzar les qualitats úniques dels materials terris i desafiar la noció predominant d'ells com a formes estandarditzades i planes, abordant les preocupacions de viabilitat.
La metodologia de recerca empra un mètode mixt concurrent, que combina dades experimentals amb observacions del comportament del material per a derivar resultats. A través d'un procés d'experimentació de tres fases, es proven rigorosament variables com ara materials de motlleig, mesclades de terra i estructures postensades. El disseny iteratiu i les proves meticuloses refinen les tècniques de fabricació, assegurant la solidesa del disseny de recerca.
En resum, aquesta tesi avança significativament els materials de construcció contemporanis i l'enginyeria arquitectònica. A través de la innovació i la col·laboració interdisciplinària, facilita la creació d'estructures funcionals i estèticament agradables que s'integren perfectament amb el seu entorn, alhora que impulsen els límits dels paradigmes de disseny convencionals. / [EN] Over the years, numerous building materials have undergone experimentation and technological enhancements to meet their intended purposes and remain competitive in the construction industry. In an era marked by escalating climate change concerns, the selection of low-carbon footprint building materials is paramount. However, local materials like earth lack the necessary technical advancements and structural integrity to garner widespread adoption among architects and society.
While earth-based materials offer undeniable environmental benefits, including low embodied energy and carbon emissions, doubts persist regarding their technical performance and structural reliability. Architects and builders often prefer conventional options perceived as more dependable.
The thesis seeks to explore the architectural possibilities of earthen materials, examining ways to integrate them into various architectural elements and proposing innovative design approaches, such as post-tensioned structures, to enhance their usability and broaden their applications. The objective is to capitalize on the unique qualities of earth materials and challenge the prevailing notion of them as standardized, flat forms while addressing feasibility concerns.
The research methodology employs a concurrent mixed method, combining experimental data with observations of material behavior to derive outcomes. Through a three-phase experimentation process, variables such as mold materials, earth mixtures, and post-tensioned structures are rigorously tested. Iterative design and meticulous testing refine fabrication techniques, ensuring the robustness of the research design.
In summary, this thesis significantly advances contemporary building materials and architectural engineering. Through innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration, it facilitates the creation of functional, aesthetically pleasing structures that seamlessly integrate with their environment while pushing the boundaries of conventional design paradigms. / Maher, JSL. (2024). Tectonic Potentials of Earthen Materials: Post-Tensioned Structures [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/207011
|
37 |
Гражданское здание на основе стальных модулей заводского изготовления : магистерская диссертация / Civil building based on prefabricated steel modulesПолухина, А. В., Polukhina, A. V. January 2024 (has links)
Изучены современные тенденции и перспективы в блочном домостроении, при этом выполнено структурирование требований к объемным модульным конструкциям и выявлены дополнительные требования в сравнении с традиционными технологиями строительства. На основании данных условий разработаны типоразмеры, варианты блоков, в дальнейшем они скомпонованы для формирования типового этажа на примере проекта девятиэтажного жилого здания. Выполнен подбор сечений для унифицированных блоков девятиэтажного здания для случая строительства в г. Екатеринбурге. / Modern trends and perspectives in block-building are studied, at the same time the requirements to volumetric modular structures are structured and additional requirements in comparison with traditional construction technologies are identified. On the basis of these conditions the standard sizes and variants of blocks are developed, further they are combined to form a typical floor layout on the example of the project of a nine-storey residential building. The selection of cross-sections for the unified blocks of a nine-storey building for the case of construction in Yekaterinburg is carried out.
|
Page generated in 0.1537 seconds