Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Orientadores: Olga Maria de Toledo Correa, Paulo Pinto Joazeiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T13:23:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_EduardoAnselmo_M.pdf: 5637432 bytes, checksum: 7856ba76c45912e029c4e039ce280e21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O tecido interpúbico no camundongo é conhecido pelas rápidas adaptações sofridas devido as novas demandas impostas durante a prenhez, parto e pós-parto. O desenvolvimento de um ligamento interpúbico é explicado em parte pelas modificações observadas na hidratação deste tecido, assim como, pela presença de Ácido Hialurônico (AH). O presente estudo focou-se na presença do AH na sínfise púbica, uma vez que pouco se sabe a respeito do seu papel durante as modificações sofridas neste período. A localização e quantificação do AH, por meio de uma sonda específica para AH, foi feita em amostras de sínfises púbicas de camundongos virgens, com 12 a 18 dias de prenhez, no dia do parto (D19) e durante o 3° e 5° dia pós-parto. A análise quantitativa fluorométrica indicou um aumento gradual no AH do tecido interpúbico durante a prenhez, seguido de uma diminuição já presente no dia do parto. A análise histoquímica demonstrou a presença de AH na matriz extracelular deste tecido assim como dentro das células. Baseado nestes resultados, pudemos demonstrar a provável participação do AH em três processos. Quando encontrado na matriz extracelular, o AH contribui para a formação de uma estrutura flexível, de consistência rígida, que vai permitir a passagem do feto pelo canal de parto. Ao passo que, quando encontrado intracelularmente, o AH contribui em dois processos distintos: até o 18° dia de prenhez, o AH participa nos processos de proliferação celular, através de possíveis interações com moléculas e estruturas importantes neste processo. O AH talvez também contribua para a proliferação através da formação de uma zona hidratada ao redor das células facilitando o destacamento das mesmas de seu substrato. Finalmente, após o parto e até o 5° dia pós-parto o AH contribui para a manutenção do fenótipo miofibroblástico destas células ajudando no processo de involução sofrido pelo tecido interpúbico no pós-parto / Abstract: The interpubic tissue in mice is known to rapidly adapt itself to the ali new demands imposed during pregnancy, partum and post-partum. The development of an interpubic ligament may be explained, in part, due to the modifications observed in the hydration of this tissue, as well as, the presence of hyaluronan (HA). The present study focuses on the presence of HA in the pubic symphysis, since still very little is known of its role during the modifications suffered through this period. The localization and quantification of HA using a HA-probe were studied in samples of mice pubic symphyses from virgin, 12th to 18th days of pregnancy, the day of delivery (D19) and during 3 and 5 days post-partum. The quantitative fluorimetric analysis indicated a gradual increase of HA in the interpubic tissue throughout pregnancy, being followed by a decrease already present on the day of the delivery. In addition, the histochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of HA in the extracellular matrix of the tissue as well as within its cells. Based on these results, it can be shown that HA may participate in three processes during pregnancy, partum and post-partum. While found in the extracellular matrix, HA contributes in the formation of a flexible structure, yet of rigid consistency, that allows the passage of the embryo for the birth canal. Whereas, while found intracellular, HA contributes in two distinct processes: until the 18th day of pregnancy, HA participates in the process of cellular proliferation through its possible interaction with mitotic cells. HA may also contribute to cellular proliferation through the formation of a hydrated zone from parturition as well as the 5th day post-partum HA contributes to the maintenance of the myofibroblastic phenotype of these cells, aiding in the process of involution suffered by the interpubic tissue following parturition / Mestrado / Biologia Celular / Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

Autosomal dominant epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) is a rare disease characterized by intra-epidermal blistering due to mutations in either of two keratin genes, KRT1 and KRT10, expressed by suprabasal keratinocytes. Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a non-blistering, hyperkeratotic disease caused by mutations in one of the following genes: ABCA12, ALOX12B, ALOXE3, TGM1, CYP4F22, NIPAL4 and SLC27A4, which are all essential for skin barrier homeostasis. ARCI and EI often respond well to treatment with retinoids, but the mechanism of action is unclear. The aim of this thesis was to increase the knowledge of pathogenic pathways in ichthyosis and to find new explanations to the effect of retinoids. In vitro studies of immortalized keratinocytes from EI patients showed an abnormal keratin aggregation after heat stress, that could be partially inhibited by pre-treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or retinoic acid receptor α-agonists. ATRA treatment also reduced the relative expression of mutated vs wildtype KRT10. The clearance of ATRA in human keratinocytes was found to be mediated by CYP26B1. In skin biopsies from ARCI patients, immunofluorescence analysis of 12R-LOX, eLOX-3, TGM1, ichthyin and FATP4 showed altered expression, not only of the mutated protein, but also of the other proteins. These observations are consistent with a feedback regulatory mechanism by which the loss of one protein results in an up-regulation of other proteins. Furthermore, 12R-LOX, eLOX-3 and TGM1 were intimately co-localized in stratum corneum, as were ichthyin and FATP4, suggesting that the proteins are linked to the same metabolic pathway. When treated with a CYP26 inhibitor known to raise the endogenous ATRA level of the skin, two patients with NIPAL4 mutations, initially exhibiting increased co-localization signals for 12R-LOX and eLOX-3, displayed normalized lipoxygenase expressions and showed clinical improvement. In conclusion, mechanisms are proposed by which pathogenic keratin aggregations in EI and epidermal protein deficiencies in ARCI patients may be mitigated by retinoids. Furthermore, the vivid crosstalk between proteins incriminated in ARCI suggests that these enzymes operate along a common metabolic pathway essential for producing barrier lipids in stratum corneum. Any abrogation of this production may cause barrier failure, hence resulting in a compensatory hyperkeratosis characteristic of congenital ichthyosis.

As malformações cardíacas congênitas (MCCs) são as malformações mais comuns ao nascimento, representando uma importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade em recém-nascidos. Nos últimos anos, estudos utilizando testes citogenômicos têm permitido elucidar e compreender melhor as causas das MCCs. O objetivo geral desse estudo foi investigar a presença de CNVs em amostras de tecido obtidas post-mortem de portadores de malformações cardíacas congênitas sindrômicas; e os objetivos específicos consistiram em avaliar a frequência das CNVs, destacando as mais relevantes, comparar a presença de CNVs nos diferentes tecidos e realizar a correlação genótipo-fenótipo. Para isso, foram estudados um total de 52 casos de natimortos e recém-nascidos provenientes do Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos - FMUSP. Amostras de DNA extraídas da pele, diafragma e do coração foram avaliadas utilizando o kit AmpFlSTR® MiniFiler(TM) PCR Amplification (Life Technologies(TM), USA) e a técnica de Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) com diferentes kits (MCR-Holland, Holanda). A técnica de FISH foi utilizada para a confirmação dos resultados obtidos em um dos casos estudados. Foram encontradas CNVs relevantes em 21 casos, incluindo trissomia do 18 (10 casos), trissomia do 21 (4 casos), trissomia do 13 (2 casos), trissomia do 16 (1 caso), monossomia do X em mosaico (1 caso), dup 4p16 (1 caso), dup 11q25 (1 caso) e del GATA4 éxon 6 (1 caso). A análise genômica se mostrou eficiente na investigação das bases genômicas e na caracterização das diferentes malformações em amostras post-mortem de portadores de MCC sindrômicas / Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common birth defect and represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns. In recent years, studies using cytogenomic tests have enabled an improved understanding of the causes of CHD. The general objective of this study was to investigate the presence of CNVs in post-mortem tissue samples from patients with congenital syndromic cardiac malformations; and the specific objectives were to evaluate the frequency of CNVs, highlighting the most relevant ones, to compare the presence of CNVs in the different tissues and to perform the genotype-phenotype correlation. For this, a total of 52 stillbirth and newborn cases from the Death Verification Service (SVO), FMUSP were investigated. DNA samples from skin, diaphragm and heart tissues were evaluated using an AmpFlSTR® MiniFiler(TM) PCR Amplification Kit (Life Technologies(TM), California, USA) and Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) with different kits (MCRHolland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). FISH was used to confirm the results of one of the studied cases. The results showed relevant copy number variations (CNVs) in 21 cases, including trisomy 18 (10 cases), trisomy 21 (4 cases), trisomy 13 (2 cases), trisomy 16 (1 case), mosaic monosomy X (1 case), dup 4p16 (1 case), dup 11q25 (1 case) and del GATA4 exon 6 (1 case). Genomic analysis was found to efficiently identify the genomic basis of, and characterize, various malformations found in postmortem samples from syndromic CHD carriers

As malformações cardíacas congênitas (MCCs) são as malformações mais comuns ao nascimento, representando uma importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade em recém-nascidos. Nos últimos anos, estudos utilizando testes citogenômicos têm permitido elucidar e compreender melhor as causas das MCCs. O objetivo geral desse estudo foi investigar a presença de CNVs em amostras de tecido obtidas post-mortem de portadores de malformações cardíacas congênitas sindrômicas; e os objetivos específicos consistiram em avaliar a frequência das CNVs, destacando as mais relevantes, comparar a presença de CNVs nos diferentes tecidos e realizar a correlação genótipo-fenótipo. Para isso, foram estudados um total de 52 casos de natimortos e recém-nascidos provenientes do Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos - FMUSP. Amostras de DNA extraídas da pele, diafragma e do coração foram avaliadas utilizando o kit AmpFlSTR® MiniFiler(TM) PCR Amplification (Life Technologies(TM), USA) e a técnica de Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) com diferentes kits (MCR-Holland, Holanda). A técnica de FISH foi utilizada para a confirmação dos resultados obtidos em um dos casos estudados. Foram encontradas CNVs relevantes em 21 casos, incluindo trissomia do 18 (10 casos), trissomia do 21 (4 casos), trissomia do 13 (2 casos), trissomia do 16 (1 caso), monossomia do X em mosaico (1 caso), dup 4p16 (1 caso), dup 11q25 (1 caso) e del GATA4 éxon 6 (1 caso). A análise genômica se mostrou eficiente na investigação das bases genômicas e na caracterização das diferentes malformações em amostras post-mortem de portadores de MCC sindrômicas / Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common birth defect and represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns. In recent years, studies using cytogenomic tests have enabled an improved understanding of the causes of CHD. The general objective of this study was to investigate the presence of CNVs in post-mortem tissue samples from patients with congenital syndromic cardiac malformations; and the specific objectives were to evaluate the frequency of CNVs, highlighting the most relevant ones, to compare the presence of CNVs in the different tissues and to perform the genotype-phenotype correlation. For this, a total of 52 stillbirth and newborn cases from the Death Verification Service (SVO), FMUSP were investigated. DNA samples from skin, diaphragm and heart tissues were evaluated using an AmpFlSTR® MiniFiler(TM) PCR Amplification Kit (Life Technologies(TM), California, USA) and Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) with different kits (MCRHolland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). FISH was used to confirm the results of one of the studied cases. The results showed relevant copy number variations (CNVs) in 21 cases, including trisomy 18 (10 cases), trisomy 21 (4 cases), trisomy 13 (2 cases), trisomy 16 (1 case), mosaic monosomy X (1 case), dup 4p16 (1 case), dup 11q25 (1 case) and del GATA4 exon 6 (1 case). Genomic analysis was found to efficiently identify the genomic basis of, and characterize, various malformations found in postmortem samples from syndromic CHD carriers