Les guerres puniques ont longtemps été présentées comme la victoire de la civilisation contre la barbarie étant donné que les seules sources à en parler étaient romaines. En ce qui concerne la religion des Carthaginois, les Romains et les Grecs avant eux s'en sont fait une image plutôt négative. Les principaux traits retenus à propos de la religion des Puniques sont leur dévouement acharné à des rites sanguinaires (immolation massive d'enfants en bas âge) et à l'impudique Astarté, pratiques religieuses jugées barbares et scandaleuses. S'ajoutent aux manifestations lugubres de la piété punique un total manquement à la parole donnée et un irrespect sans précédent des serments et traités de guerre, connus communément à Rome sous l'appellation passée en proverbe : punica fides qui s'oppose à la fides, notion éminemment romaine. Toutefois les Grecs et les Romains ont bien dû, à maintes reprises, reconnaître que les Carthaginois pouvaient avoir des pratiques cultuelles tout à fait comparables aux leurs (prières, sacrifices, présents, fondation de sanctuaires dans les pays conquis...) et faire preuve d'une piété exemplaire. Ils ont constaté, en outre, que le panthéon punique était semblable aux leurs et que les Carthaginois étaient même capables de rendre hommage aux divinités étrangères. Il s'ensuit que la perception de la religion punique dans la tradition classique est contrastée et souvent contradictoire. / For a long time, Romans and Carthaginians lived side by side, and especially, in mutual conflict. The conflicting relationships that had been knitted, in the Mediterranean, between these two outstandingly powerful nations, this dense network with shady alliances, oppositions and hostilities, shaped the image of the Punics. We will endeavour to make out the way the Romans perceived the Carthaginians as it is not possible to know how the Carthaginians regarded themselves: The latter attempt is doomed to failure regarding the lack of Punic literary sources. It is mainly the Carthaginian religion that had marked the Romains: these people were considered as thoroughly irreligious. They were, on the whole, negatively pointed at. In fact, the Punic wars were, for long time, presented as the victory of civilization over barbarity since the only sources on the matter were Roman. Regarding the Carthaginians’ religion, the Romans, and the Greeks ever before them, had conceived it in a rather negative way.

Subject of presented master thesis is a 7-meter object of crystalline structure located in production hall in Brno former woolen factory Vlněna. The object will serve as a basis for videomapping, which will form its editing in real time.

Subject of presented master thesis are two 7-meter objects of crystalline structure located in production hall in Brno former factory Zbrojovka

Submitted by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2017-05-04T16:01:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_FilogeniaHistoriaBiogeografica.pdf: 4047879 bytes, checksum: ecc3405ffacfebfb588d01a017cfb0a9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2017-05-04T16:08:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_FilogeniaHistoriaBiogeografica.pdf: 4047879 bytes, checksum: ecc3405ffacfebfb588d01a017cfb0a9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T16:08:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_FilogeniaHistoriaBiogeografica.pdf: 4047879 bytes, checksum: ecc3405ffacfebfb588d01a017cfb0a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-29 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Callicebus é um gênero de primata neotropical pertencente à família Pitheciidae, atualmente com 32 espécies reconhecidas. Estas espécies estão organizadas em grupos supraespecíficos, sendo dois subgêneros (Torquatus e Callicebus) e cinco grupos de espécies: C. torquatus, C. moloch, C. cupreus, C. donacophilus e C. personatus. A organização dos grupos foi realizada com base em dados morfológicos e de distribuição geográfica. Nesta dissertação de mestrado, fizemos inferências a partir de dados moleculares. No primerio capítulo, apresentamos uma introdução geral sobre a problemática taxonômica de Callicebus. No segundo capítulo realizamos inferências filogenéticas com base na presença e ausência de uma região molecular conhecida como elemento Alu, um transposon do genoma de primatas. Com base na análise desses marcadores Alu, descobrimos que os grupos C. moloch e C. cupreus são estreitamente relacionados e que C. torquatus é o grupo basal no gênero. No terceiro capítulo, a partir de uma abordagem multilocos investigamos as relações filogenéticas do grupo C. moloch e aplicamos o tempo de diversificação entre as espécies para testar a hipótese de formação das bacias hidrográficas da Amazônia durante o Plio-Pleistoceno. Nossos resultados corroboram a hipótese de formação dos rios amazônicos nos últimos 3 Ma. No entanto, nem todos os eventos de diversificão em Callicebus podem ser explicados pela teoria dos rios. Além disto, verificamos que os diferentes grupos de espécies de Callicebus são todos derivados de radiações na região Amazônica em diferentes momentos durante o Mioceno superior. Nossos resultados também sugerem que o conhecimento atual da diversidade de Callicebus está subestimado, e que espécies que diversificaram recentemente estão negligenciadas taxonomicamente. / Callicebus is a genus of Neotropical primate of the family Pitheciidae. Thirty-two species are currently recognized. They are classified in two subgenera, Torquatus and Callicebus, and five species groups: C. torquatus, C. moloch, C. cupreus, C. donacophilus and C. personatus. The arrangement of subgenera and groups is based on morphology and geographic distributions. The first section, we is introduction to the taxonomy of Callicebus. In the second section, I present an article for submission to the jounrla Primates concerning the chapter presence or absence of a molecular region known as an Alu element. An Alu element is a transposon in the genome of primates Because of this particular characteristic of Alu insertion, I discovered that the C. moloch and C. cupreus groups are closely related and that C. torquatus is the basal group in the genus. In the third section , from a multilocus approach I investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the C. moloch group and the time of diversification between the species, in order to test the hypothesis of formation of the Amazon River basin during the Plio-Pleistocene. Our results support the hypothesis of origin of Amazonian rivers in the last 3 Ma. However, not all diversification events in Callicebus can be explained by the theory of rivers. the results also indicate that the different species groups are derived from a radiation in the Amazonian region at different times during the upper Miocene. The phylogenetic analysis identified a number of potentioal taxa that a number of taxa which the current knowledge of species diversity in Callicebus is underestimated, and that recently diversified species are taxonomically neglected.