Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:16:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo9155_1.pdf: 1117516 bytes, checksum: c3bb18c797b6d3573231c5f81edd997b (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / A medicina popular dispõe das plantas como recurso para tratar enfermidades com freqüência. Dentre as espécies vegetais utilizadas está a Momordica charantia L., Melão São Caetano, que ocorre nas Américas do Sul e Central e particularmente, no Nordeste do Brasil. Esta espécie tem sido usada como agente anti-diabético, anti-tumoricida, anti-helmíntico e anti-ulcerogênico. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi avaliar a ação biológica e farmacológica da Momordica charantia L., e seu provável potencial radioprotetor. Neste contexto, ensaios biológicos foram utilizados para caracterizar o extrato aquoso da Momordica charantia L. quanto ao efeito tóxico, ao papel metabólico e hormonal, a atividade antiinflamatória, a ação sobre o tecido sanguíneo e sua biodistribuição em camundongos Swiss e ratos Wistar. Os ensaios biológicos fizeram uso de técnicas cromatográficas, bioquímicas, de fragilidade osmótica, de morfologia e de radioimunoensaio. Nos testes realizados havia grupos tratados com o extrato aquoso da Momordica charantia L. nas concentrações de 30,60,100 e 250mg/kg e grupos controle negativos e positivos utilizando o AAS 250mg/kg e NaCl 0.9%, respectivamente, a depender do aspecto avaliado. Os resultados obtidos são concordantes com a literatura, contudo destacam-se pela possibilidade de demonstrar propriedades numa espécie do Nordeste brasileiro. Segundo os resultados, o extrato aquoso da Momordica charantia L. apresenta comportamento protéico, é passível de marcação com o tecnécio-99m, apresenta evidente propriedade antioxidante comprovada também morfologicamente, não promove fragilidade celular, tem efeito farmacológico acentuado sobre a concentração sérica de insulina e redutor em relação à glicose sérica, altera o cálcio sérico, demonstra atividade antiinflamatória e altera a biodistribuição nos tecidos, sobretudo no fígado, rins e testículos, tecidos que apresentam a enzima antioxidante glutationa, justificando seu provável potencial radioprotetor

Thesis (M.Sc.(Biochemistry)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / Metastatic cancer remains incurable and accounts for 90% of cancer-related deaths (He et al., 2019). Therefore, there’s an urgent need to find anti-metastatic drugs with novel therapeutic targets (Zhang et al., 2018). Medicinal plants are promising sources of novel compounds with anti-metastatic activity (Tungsukruthai et al., 2018). This study investigated the anti-metastatic effects of Momordica balsamina L. crude acetone leaf extract in human HT-29 colon cancer cells. Powdered leaves of M. balsamina were macerated in acetone and reconstituted in dimethyl sulfoxide (>99.9%). The cytotoxic effect of the M. balsamina extract was investigated using the MTT assay. The acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining assay was used to show that the chosen concentrations of the M. balsamina extract do not induce apoptosis. The effect of the M. balsamina extract on reactive oxygen species formation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition-related morphological changes were assessed by the DCFH2-DA assay and light microscopy, respectively. The anti-invasive, anti-migratory and anti-adhesive effects of the M. balsamina extract were investigated using the cell invasion, wound-healing and cell adhesion assays, respectively. The adhesion of HT-29 cells to collagen I, II and IV, fibronectin, laminin, tenascin C and vitronectin was assessed using the ECM-cell adhesion array kit. Furthermore, western blotting was used to assess the effect of the M. balsamina extract on the expression of TNF-α, NF-κB, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-3. The findings revealed that the M. balsamina extract significantly inhibited the viability of HT-29 cells at concentrations above 50 µg/ml but had no effect on the viability of C3A liver cells at 40 and 80 µg/ml. Apoptotic features such as cell shrinkage, nuclei condensation, loss of membrane function and formation of apoptotic bodies were observed at 48 hours exposure to the M. balsamina extract. Reactive oxygen species formation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, invasiveness, migration and adhesion were suppressed in HT-29 cells treated with the M. balsamina extract for 24 hours. The adhesion of HT-29 cells were varied amongst different extracellular matrix proteins. Furthermore, HT-29 cells treated with the M. balsamina extract showed a reduction in the expression of TNF-α, NF-κB, MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins and an upregulation of TIMP-3 protein. In conclusion, the M. balsamina extract tested in this study impedes the metastatic cascade in HT-29 colon cancer cells by inhibiting the reactive oxygen species-mediated TNF-α/NF-κB/MMP-2/MMP-9 pathway. The findings suggest that M. balsamina L. may be a source of compounds with potential therapeutic use for the treatment of metastatic colon cancer. / National Research Foundation (NRF) South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC)

Le fruit de gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) est un fruit traditionnel au Vietnam, lequel est extrêmement bénéfique pour la santé. L’arille de gac est une excellente source de caroténoïdes naturels, particulièrement le lycopène et le β-carotène. Ces composés antioxydants sont capables de neutraliser les radicaux libres et offrent des applications multiples, allant des effets généraux sur la santé à la prévention de certaines maladies chroniques. Ce travail a contribué au développement d’un procédé visant à la valorisation d’extraits du fruit de gac au Vietnam. Ce travail contient quatre parties principales: effet du semi-séchage sur les propriétés d’antioxydantes du fruit de gac; extraction de l’huile du fruit de gac assistée par enzymes; concentration des caroténoïdes de l’huile de gac par la filtration tangentielle; purification et cristallisation des caroténoïdes.<p>Dans la première partie, une étude du semi-séchage de l´arille de gac à différentes températures (40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C et 80°C) et à trois modes de séchage (séchage à l’air, séchage sous vide et lyophilisation) a été effectuée pour déterminer l’effet de la mode, de la température et de l’humidité finale de séchage sur la couleur, la teneur en caroténoïdes totaux (TCC) et l’activité d’antioxydante totale (TAA) de l’arille de gac. Les résultats montrent que la lyophilisation permet une meilleure conservation permettant une valorisation ultérieure de la couleur, la TCC et la TAA de l’arille de gac. Le séchage sous vide donne les meilleurs résultats que le séchage à l’air. Une température entre 50°C et 60°C est optimale pour conserver la couleur, la TCC et la TAA de l’arille. Ces propriétés sont mieux conservées à l’issue d’un séchage permettant une humidité finale du produit de 15 à 18% (base sèche (db)) (semi-séchage) par rapport à 6% db. Le produit semi-séché peut être conservé pendant quelques mois. <p>Dans la deuxième partie, une étude d’optimisation d’extraction de l’huile de l’arille de gac assisté par des enzymes a été menée en utilisant la méthodologie de la surface de réponse. Un plan expérimental du type «design composite central» avec quatre variables indépendantes - la concentration en enzymes, le temps, la température et la vitesse d'agitation - a été réalisé. Les résultats montrent que ces quatre variables ont un effet significatif sur le rendement d’extraction de l’huile. Il n'y a pas d'interaction significative entre ces variables. Dans les conditions optimales obtenues (14,6% d’enzyme, 127 minutes, 58°C et 162 rpm), le rendement maximal de l’huile et la TCC obtenus sont de 79,5% et 5,3 mg/g de matière sèche, respectivement. Il existe une forte corrélation entre le rendement de l’huile obtenue et la TCC. Les propriétés physico-chimiques de l'huile extraite ont été déterminées. Enfin, les résultats du test Schaal montrent que le temps de conservation de l'huile extraite est comparable à d’autres huiles alimentaires, présentant le même type de profil en acides gras.<p>Dans la troisième partie, les caroténoïdes de l'huile ont étés concentrés à l'aide d'une filtration tangentielle, en utilisant une membrane céramique, selon deux modes de fonctionnement (recyclage total et batch). Dans les expériences en mode recyclage total, l'effet de la taille des pores de la membrane, la température et la pression transmembranaire sur le flux de perméat et le coefficient de rétention a été exploité. Les résultats montrent que ces facteurs ont un effet sur flux de perméat et le coefficient de rétention de la TCC, des phospholipides et des acides gras libres. La résistance intrinsèque de la membrane, la résistance de polarisation et la résistance liée au colmatage ont été estimées. Les conditions optimales déterminées sont 5 nm, 2 bars et 40°C, pour la taille des pores, la pression transmembranaire et la température, respectivement. En mode batch, le rétentat a été caractérisé en mesurant l'acidité, les phospholipides, la TCC, la TAA, des solides solubles totaux, la teneur en matières solides, la couleur et la viscosité de la solution. La TCC dans le rétentat est de 65,28 mg/ml (8,65 fois supérieure à celle dans l'huile d'alimentation). Les analyses de la TAA montrent que la contribution antioxydante principale de l'huile gac est lipophile. Après la filtration, la TAA lipophile du rétentat est 6,8 fois supérieur à celle de l’huile d’alimentation. L’analyse de la résistance indique que la résistance intrinsèque de la membrane représente 24% de la résistance totale. La majeure partie de la résistance est la résistance de polarisation (55%) tandis que la résistance de colmatage contribue pour 30%. <p>Dans la quatrième partie, les caroténoïdes provenant de l’huile du fruit de gac ont étés purifiés et cristallisés par une saponification combinée à l'utilisation de propylène glycol (un solvant moins toxique que les solvants organiques généralement utilisés). Ce processus est compatible à une consommation humaine, aux applications cosmétiques et plus respectueux de l'environnement que les procédés existants. Les résultats indiquent que l'utilisation de Tween 80 (0,05 ml/g d’huile) comme émulsifiant peut aider à augmenter la récupération des cristaux de caroténoïdes. La combinaison de 0,4 ml/g d'hydroxyde de potassium et 0,8 ml/g de propylène glycol donne un meilleur rendement de caroténoïdes. Une étude d’optimisation du processus de purification a été réalisée en utilisant la méthodologie de surface de réponse. Un plan expérimental du type «design composite central» avec trois variables indépendantes- la vitesse d'agitation, la température et le temps de réaction - a été effectué. Les résultats montrent que ces trois variables ont un effet significatif sur la récupération des caroténoïdes par cristallisation. Les interactions entre la vitesse d'agitation et la température ainsi qu’entre la température et le temps de réaction sont significatives. Dans les conditions optimales (1094 rpm; 46°C et 228 min), le rendement de caroténoïdes estimé est de 93,5%. Les cristaux de caroténoïdes contiennent 57,34% de lycopène et 36,67% de β-carotène. Ces résultats montrent que environ 85% et 78% du lycopène et du β-carotène, respectivement, ont étés récupérés.<p>Dans l’ensemble, cette thèse a contribué à la valorisation du fruit de gac au Vietnam, par une procédure de fabrication qui est économique et utilisant moins de produits chimiques. La recherche a permis de trouver les conditions optimales pour chaque étape de fabrication. Un nouvel axe de recherche pour valoriser le fruit de gac a été ouvert; il porte sur l’étude de l’application tant de l’huile de gac concentrée et riche en caroténoïdes naturels que des cristaux de caroténoïdes dans l’industrie alimentaire, pharmaceutique ou cosmétique.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The relationship between fructose consumption and metabolic diseases has drawn substantial attention in recent years. Dietary fructose consumption has climbed dramatically in the past 40 years, and this trend coincides with the prevalence of obesity and diabetes worldwide. In rodents, maternal obesogenic diets are associated with higher risks of metabolic derangement later in life whereas bitter melon (BM) supplementation has been shown to improve blood glucose and lipid profiles. The overall objective of this thesis was to test the hypothesis that through developmental programming metabolic derangement in offspring born to rat dams fed a high-fructose (F) diet could be offset by the addition of BM to the maternal diet. Virgin female rats received a control (C), F (60%) or BM-supplemented F (FBM,1%) diet 8 weeks before conception and throughout gestation and lactation. Weaned male offspring consumed C diet (C/C,F/C,FBM/C) for 11 weeks. The concentrations of serum insulin, triglyceride, free fatty acid (FFA), and hepatic lipids in FBM/C offspring matched that in C/C offspring and were significantly lower than F/C offspring. These phenotypic changes were accompanied with suppressed hepatic lipogenic gene expression but enhanced expression of lipid oxidation-related genes. In the second experiment, we extended the earlier findings by examining whether adding BM to F-fed dams would still benefit offspring if they continued to consume the F diet postweaning. This simulates the scenario in affluent societies where fructose overconsumption may occur in two consecutive generations. The dose-response effect of BM at doses of 0.85% (FBM1) and 1% (FBM2) was also examined. Male offspring born to dams fed the C, F, FBM1 or FBM2 diet were weaned to C or F diet (C/C,C/F,F/F,FBM1/F,FBM2/F) for 20 weeks. BM normalized the serum FFA elevation observed in F/F offspring, although hyperinsulinemia remained in FBM1/F and FBM2/F offspring. The altered liver lipid profile and its molecular changes observed in F/F offspring were ameliorated by maternal BM supplementation. Lower adipose expression of mesoderm-specific transcript, hormone sensitive lipase, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and PPARγ-target genes in FBM1/F and FBM2/F offspring indicated that BM could reduce adipocyte size as well as lower lipolysis and lipogenesis. Since FFA stimulates reactive oxygen species generation that enhances cellular stress, oxidative stress and inflammation in offspring of two-generation F exposure with or without maternal BM supplementation were examined. FBM1/F and FBM2/F offspring showed reduced lipid peroxidation but enhanced antioxidant capacity in the liver. BM suppressed the expression of proinflammatory genes and phosphorylation of c-Jun amino terminal kinase1, as well as promoted insulin receptor substrate 1 protein expression. These BM-mediated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects may be associated with a reduction of circulating FFA. Taken together, the data support the concept of developmental programming as maternal fructose clearly induced dyslipidemia, adipocyte dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation in offspring. That these abnormalities were largely reversed by adding BM to the maternal diet suggests that perinatal BFC supplementation could alter the course of maternal malnutrition-induced metabolic defects later in life. / published_or_final_version / Biological Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leave 144-167). Also available in print.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2016-09-02T14:21:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1022906 bytes, checksum: c47346c47be766e5f1d01bcccc41b237 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T14:21:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1022906 bytes, checksum: c47346c47be766e5f1d01bcccc41b237 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Vírus que possuem genoma constituído por DNA fita simples (ssDNA) estão amplamente distribuídos na natureza. As constantes descobertas aliadas à grande diversidade genética desses vírus têm ampliado a compreensão sobre a trajetória evolutiva desse grupo. No Brasil, os vírus DNA fita simples circular causam grandes perdas nas culturas de importância agrícola. Um dos fatores que contribuiu fortemente para o desastre econômico é a transmissão de vírus, onde o maior hospedeiro deles são as plantas não cultivadas. Desde então, diversos trabalhos têm sido publicados tratando de assuntos como diversidade, caracterização, determinação da gama de hospedeiros, interações entre planta e patógeno assim como patógeno e vetor, evolução, predominância, epidemiologia, dentre outros. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo isolar, identificar e caracteriza um novo vírus de ssDNA associado a Melão de São Caetano (Momordica charantia), uma cucurbitácea não cultivada e potencialmente invasiva em cultivos agrícolas no Brasil. A amostra foi coletada em Coimbra, MG- Brasil, com suspeita de ter um vírus da família Geminiviridae por apresentar sintomas de mosaico amarelo. O DNA vegetal foi extraído e analisado através da técnica de amplificação por círculo rolante, os produtos da clivagem com enzimas de restrição foram clonados e completamente sequênciados. A análise das sequências indicou que o vírus tinha um tamanho de 2195 pares de bases e uma organização genômica que apresentava três proteínas: uma codificando o capsídeo do vírus (CP) e duas relac ionada com a replicação (Rep) separadas por um íntron, que a ser removido por inspeção manual codifica a proteína completa. Essa organização em conjunto com as análises do genoma completo mostraram uma identidade com vários isolados do gênero Gemycircularvirus, sendo proposto para esse novo vírus o nome de Momordica charantia associated circular DNA virus (MCasCV). Interessantemente, MCasCV tem uma característica única dentro dos novos ssDNA: um nonanucleotídeo (5'- TAATGTTAT-3') similar ao Hypericum japonicum associated circular DNA virus (HJasCV), com uma formação de um grampo ou “stem- loop” atípico pela ligação de três pares de base encontradas na estrutura. Com o objetivo de caracterizar a biologia do vírus MCasCV foram infectadas plantas de M. charantia e o fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Para isso, plantas foram bombardeadas com partículas do clone infeccioso de MCasCV e se observou após 21 dias que não apresentaram sintomas visíveis. A confirmação da presença viral foi realizada pelas técnicas de RCA e PCR obtendo um resultado negativo. Para inoculação do vírus em Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, foram transfectados protoplastos desse fungo junto ao clone infeccioso, após o crescimento foi realizada uma extração de DNA total, seguida da confirmação por PCR e RCA, que ao igual da planta os resultados foram negativos. Fatos que podem explicar esse resultado é a ocorrência de falhas no processo de transfecção, ou a não capacidade do vírus de replicar no interior do fungo utilizado. Novas análises de infectividade d everão ser realizadas para a confirmação do hospedeiro do vírus MCasCV. / Viruses that have genomes composed of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) have been widespread in nature. Continuous discoveries combined with the high genetic diversity of these viruses have leaded our understanding of the historical evolution of this group. In Brazil, the circular single-stranded DNA viruses have caused enormous agricultural losses in staple crops. One factor that strongly contributed to the financial disaster is the transmission of the virus, where the most of the hosts are non-cultivated plants. Since then, several studies have been published, addressing issues such as diversity, characterization, determining the host range and inte ractions between plant and pathogen as well as pathogen and vector, evolution, prevalence, epidemiology, among others. This study aimed to isolate, identify and features a new virus ssDNA associated with Melon de São Caetano (Momordica charantia), one cucurbit uncultivated and potentially invasive in agricultural crops in Brazil. The sample was collected in Coimbra, MG, Brazil, suspected of having a virus Geminiviridae family for symptoms of yellow mosaic. The plant DNA was extracted and analyzed by the tec hnique of rolling circle amplification, the products of cleavage with restriction enzymes have been cloned and completely sequenced. Sequence analysis indicated that the virus had a size of 2195 base pairs and a genomic organization that showed three prote ins: one encoding the virus capsid (CP) and two related replication (Rep) separated by an intron, then it was removed by manual inspection to encoding the complete protein. This arrangement in conjunction with the analysis of complete genome showed an identity with several strains of genus Gemycircularvirus, it has been proposed to name this new virus from Momordica charantia associated circular DNA virus (MCasCV). Interestingly, MCasCV has a unique feature within the new ssDNA: A nonanucleotídeo (TAATGTTAT 5'-3 ') similar to the circular DNA Hypericum japonicum associated virus (HJasCV), with a formation of a staple or "stem- loop" atypical for binding three base pairs found in the structure. With the objective of characterizing the biology of the virus MCasCV M. charantia plants were infected and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. For this, plants were bombarded with particles of the infectious clone MCasCV and were observed during 21 days, after that interval of time no showed visible symptoms. Confirmation of viral presence was made by RCA and PCR getting a negative result. For virus inoculation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, this fungus protoplasts were transfected with the infectious clone, after growing a total DNA extraction was performed, followed by PCR and confirmed by RCA, again the results were negative. Facts that can explain this result is the occurrence of failures in the transfection process, or no ability of the virus to replicate inside the fungus used. New analysis of infectivity should be performed to confirm the MCasCV in the virus host.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:24:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Universidade Federal de Pernambuco / Historicamente, Cucurbitaceae é uma das mais importantes famílias de plantas utilizadas para a produção de alimentos, fibras e fitoterápicos. Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) é muito utilizada no mundo inteiro, não somente as folhas, mais o caule, flores, frutos e raízes. Os estudos fitoquímicos dos componentes botânicos desta planta, revelaram os compostos biologicamente ativos presentes neste vegetal. Este trabalho teve como proposta avaliar a ação do extrato hidroalcoólico (EH) de M. charantia L. (uso tópico) no processo de cicatrização de feridas padronizadas em dorso de ratos albinos Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) com e sem laserterapia. O processo de reparo cutâneo foi avaliado através da observação macroscópica, mensuração da área de retração da ferida e avaliação microscópica através da contagem do número de células mononucleares, fibroblastos e vasos sanguíneos. Um total de 108 ratos, machos, pesando entre 250 a 340 g. foram divididos em seis grupos, tendo cada um 18 animais: Grupo I Controle (creme inerte); Grupo II Tratados com creme (EH) de M. charantia L.; Grupo III Padrão Cicatrizante (Fibrase); Grupo IV Controle (creme inerte) + laserterapia (685 nm/ 40 mW / 16 J/cm2); Grupo V Tratados com creme (EH) de M. charantia L + laserterapia (685 nm/ 40 Mw / 16 J/cm2); Grupo VI Padrão Cicatrizante (Fibrase) + laserterapia (685 nm/ 40 mW / 16 J/cm2). Cada grupo foi dividido em três subgrupos (A, B, C), com 6 animais, sendo sacrificados com overdose, três, sete e 14 dias respectivamente. Foi administrados (uso tópico) o extrato da planta e o padrão cicatrizante por cinco dias consecutivos; o grupo com laserterapia foi irradiado a cada 48 horas num total de sete irradiações, procedeu-se à retirada das peças para avaliação histológica com a técnica de hematoxilina-eosina para verificar as diferentes fases de cicatrização. O Grupo V demonstrou ser o mais eficaz por acelerar (p < 0,01) o processo de regeneração cutânea, seguido do grupo II, demonstrando a ação do laser e os potenciais farmacológicos desta planta, apresentando diferenças no tempo de cicatrização e no grau de maturação celular

Pan, Wenliang. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-163). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Mogrosides, the main active components in S. grosvenorii SWINGLE, are considered to be some 250 times sweeter than sucrose and to possess several medicinal attributes. Previous isolation processes used large quantities of toxic solvent that resulted in toxic residues of organic solvent in this high value food. Supercritical fluids fulfill the requirements of non-toxicity, recycle ability, and useful solvent characteristics. The work presented in this thesis is directed to the extraction of mogrosides from the powdered S. grosvenorii concentrate (SG) and the crude extract after resin treatment (MG) with sub critical water and supercritical CO2. / Because no source of mogroside V reference material is available commercially, the first objective of this research was to isolate mogroside V of sufficient purity that it could be crystallized. This objective was achieved by selecting suitable eluates from resin chromatography coupled with preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC). Crystalline white isolate was further characterized by 13C-NMR and by MS and determined to be mogroside V, which was suitable as a reference material for subsequent experiments. / The process variables for both sub critical water and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction were evaluated and optimized so that conclusions could be formulated regarding the relative merits of the two proposed extraction methods. The efficiency of extraction was determined spectrophotometrically based on the recovery of mogrosides from the starting material following the vanillin-HClO4 method. / When compared with Soxhlet solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction with either sub critical water or supercritical CO2 provided improved recoveries and consumed less organic solvent. In addition, the purity of the extracts differed greatly. For identical SG samples, sub critical water extraction was demonstrated to be more efficient (62.4% recovery) compared with 37.0% recovery by EtOH modified scCO2 extraction or 5.1% for Soxhlet extraction with hexane.

Orientador: Norma Sueli Pinheiro Módolo / Resumo: A nefropatia diabética é fator de risco para aumento da morbimortalidade em pessoas submetidas à cirurgia. A investigação por tratamentos capazes de exercer proteção renal durante procedimentos anestésico- cirúrgicos tornam-se relevantes. Este estudo avaliou a glicemia, a variação ponderal, a concentração sanguínea de ureia e creatinina, a proteinúria, a microscopia eletrônica dos rins com e sem isquemia e reperfusão, e a proteção renal de ratos Wistar com nefropatia diabética experimental, tratados previamente com a infusão dos frutos da Momordica charantia L.. Utilizamos 26 ratos Wistar, divididos em: Grupo Controle (n=10); Grupo Diabético sem tratamento (n=8) e Grupo Diabético tratados com Momordica charanthia L. (n=8). A determinação da glicemia de ambos os grupos foi feita com glicosimetro e o peso foi mensurado em balança digital no 1º, 15º e 30º dia do experimento. A dosagem da proteinúria foi feita em urina de 24 horas. Previamente a eutanásia, foi realizada a manobra da isquemia por 30 minutos, seguida da reperfusão por 15 minutos, no rim esquerdo, simulando a lesão renal ocorrida em cirurgias. Os rins isquêmicos e não isquêmicos foram encaminhados para microscopia eletrônica. A obtenção do sangue para dosagem de ureia e creatinina foi feita por punção cardíaca. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram redução significativa da glicemia (p<0,001- Teste Friedman p<0,05) no 15ª dia, nos animais diabéticos tratados com a planta, Não foi evidenciada alterações significativas no... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality in people undergoing surgery. The investigation of treatments capable of exerting renal protection during anesthetic-surgical procedures becomes relevant. Diabetic nephropathy is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality in people undergoing surgery. The investigation of treatments capable of exerting renal protection during anesthetic-surgical procedures becomes relevant. This study evaluated glycemia, weight variation, blood urea and creatinine concentration, proteinuria, electron microscopy of the kidneys with and without ischemia and reperfusion, and renal protection of Wistar rats with experimental diabetic nephropathy, previously treated with the infusion of the fruits of Momordica charantia L. We used 26 Wistar rats, divided into: Control Group (n = 10); Untreated Diabetic Group (n = 8) and Diabetic Group treated with Momordica charanthia L. (n = 8). The determination of glycemia was done with glycosimetre and the weight was measured in digital scale on the 1st, 15th and 30th day of experimentation. The proteinuria was measured in 24-hour urine. Before euthanasia, the maneuver of the ischemia was performed for 30 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 15 minutes in the left kidney, simulating the renal injury that occurred in surgeries. The ischemic and non-ischemic kidneys were referred for electron microscopy. The blood obtained for urea and creatinine dosing was done by cardiac punct... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor