The purpose of this study was to explore how students manage their financial resources. Data consisted of student records of their expenditures and income over a one month period of time, reliable financial documents provided by the respondents (i.e., checkbook registers, credit card statements), and individual interviews. This study was designed to gain a better understanding of the financial behaviors of college students at a large, public, research university. Specifically, this study was designed to explore the following research questions: 1. How do traditional-aged, lower-division college students manage their financial resources? 2. What are the financial management behaviors of freshmen versus sophomore on-campus students? 3. What are the financial management behaviors of on- versus off- campus sophomore students? A stratified purposeful sample of 17 traditional-aged freshman and sophomore students was selected for study. Students who transitioned directly from high school to college were considered traditional-aged students. Students who were in their first or second year of college were considered to be freshman or sophomore students, respectively. The data were analyzed for two purposes. The first purpose was to understand where participants spent their money, on what kinds of items, and their sources of income. This information was collected through a qualitative analysis of documents. The second purpose was to understand how and why the participants made the financial decisions they did during the period under study, and to gain an understanding of their larger financial situations. This information was collected through a qualitative analysis of individual interviews. The results of this research contributed to both practice and research. In terms of practice, the results of this study informed three constituencies. Student affairs professionals might use the results to develop programs and services that assist students in managing their financial resources while in college. Students might benefit from the results by identifying management behaviors to employ, and those to avoid. Parents of traditional-aged students might benefit by assisting their students with management skills before they matriculate. Future researchers might elaborate on the present study and examine financial management skills in relation to other issues in higher education, such as retention and academic success. Additionally, future researchers might examine financial management education programs and services at campuses nationwide, or further examine financial management behaviors of college juniors and seniors. Results revealed several important findings. First, spending patterns can be traced to developmental issues associated with lower division students. For example, freshmen spend more money on food and entertainment than their sophomore counterparts, suggesting that social adjustment and making friends are important issues for first year students. Second, students from families which discuss financial issues have better money management skills. Third, students do not discuss financial matters outside their families, even with close friends. Finally, students spend as much as five times more than they earn in a month. Coupled with the study's other findings, these results suggest campuses need to provide programs and services related to financial management skills if students are to develop sound personal budgeting skills while in college. / Master of Arts

The process of filmmaking starts with an idea and is brought forth to reality through a collaborative effort. This paper will include the process of producing a film through each step from the conception to completion of my thesis film “Red Bean Monday.” I will thoroughly discuss the writing, producing, cinematography, directing, editing, sound, technology, and workflow. I will also discuss things I have learned as a filmmaker through the successes and failures that I determined based on surveys from audience participation.

Along with the growth of Taiwan¡¦s capital markets, the public tend to serve stocks as the main investment tool. Underwriting markets are also monitored by investors. Generally, Taiwanese firms¡¦ stocks possess ¡§honeymoon periods¡¨ after they went public, in which the stocks kept gaining prices for consecutive days. Due to the phenomenon, companies tend to went public once the requirements are satisfied. On the other hand, investors are willing to purchase such stocks, thus let the underwriting market prosper. The aspect of initial public offerings (IPOs) is also gaining attention of researchers. This research aims at examining the relation between Taiwanese firms¡¦ IPOs¡¦ initial return and the Monday effect and Intra-month effect. This thesis also tried to discover that whether Taiwanese IPOs possess differences between size and industry groups. The results indicate that Taiwanese IPOs have lower return if issued in Mondays, which is the Monday effect. The reason may be that the closed market in weekends allowed investors to spend more time to search and to analyze information and to hinder themselves from overreaction. In addition, when issuing companies are determining underwriting prices, they tend to serve discount as a risk compensation for the uninformed investors, thus when investors have more time to analyze their investment decisions, the issuing companies need not to discount to induce investors.

No description available.

This paper documents a major shift in market microstructure during the period 1990 through 1999. In particular, a dramatic change in the pattern of cash flows by individual and institutional investors is documented. The question becomes, what effect this change has on day-of-the-week return patterns for the Dow Jones Industrial Average, Standard and Poor's 500 index, and Standard and Poor's 500 index futures. I find Monday's return pattern has changed in the decade of the 1990's. Not only is Monday's mean return significantly large and positive for all indices, the entire anomalous pattern occurs from Monday's open to Monday's close - an intraday effect. In addition, I find evidence that trading volume is a factor in explaining the anomalous behaviour of Monday's returns. New York Stock Exchange trading volume is significantly lower on Mondays from the trading volume of other days of the week but the trading activity of individual investors is significantly higher. More recently, individual investors have increased their buying activity on Mondays relative to prior periods. Finally, Monday exhibits the largest returns in the first two trading hours when the Dow Jones Industrial Average returns are decomposed into hourly returns. The research emphasizes the dynamic nature of the time series patterns of stock returns and the suggestion day-of-the-week return patterns are not robust over time. Therefore, familiarity with market microstructure issues is just as important as the statistical techniques utilized.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, June, 2002. / Title from PDF t.p.

<p>Syfte:</p><p>Denna uppsats syftar till att ta reda på hur klädesföretag kan etablera sig på en redan mogen marknad. Detta har belysts genom att studera och analysera tre svenska jeansföretag. Målet var att finna vilka de viktigaste faktorerna är för att etablera klädesföretag på den svenska marknaden.</p><p>Metod:</p><p>Först genomfördes kvalitativa intervjuer med de tre jeansföretagen. Intervjuerna redogjorde för företagens etableringsstrategier samt identiteter, vilka användes som grund för de enkätundersökningar som sedan genomfördes. De kvantitativa enkätundersökningarna av företagens potentiella och befintliga kunder, gav svar på olika faktorers vikt vid köp av jeans. Undersökningen redogjorde även för konsumenternas varumärkesimage och preferens av varumärke.</p><p>Teoretiskt perspektiv:</p><p>Då denna uppsats handlar om ett utbyte mellan två parter, har vi valt att skriva ur såväl ett sälja- som ett köparperspektiv.</p><p>Epiri:</p><p>Empirin innefattar både den information vi fått under intervjuerna med de tre klädesföretagen och informationen från enkätundersökningarna.</p><p>Resultat:</p><p>100 procent av respondenterna anser att byxans utseende är överordnat priset. Företagens varumärken är därav mer eller mindre höginvolverande. Klädesföretag måste på grund av detta först och främst erbjuda en tilltalande produkt för att lyckas etablera sig. På dagens mogna marknad är det dock inte tillräckligt att konkurrera med klassisk marknadsmix även om denna kombineras med nätverksteori. Klädesföretag som vill lyckas etablera sig på den svenska marknaden måste arbeta med varumärkesbyggande processer, inriktade mot att skapa god image.</p> / <p>Purpose:</p><p>This study aims to investigate how jeans clothing companies can establish themselves on an already mature market.</p><p>This has been performed by studying and analysing three Swedish jeans companies. The goal was to establish what the most important factors were in establishing a jeans clothing company on the Swedish market.</p><p>Methodology:</p><p>Qualitative interviews where made with three jeans companies. The interviews gave a description of both the companies establishing strategies as well as their identities. These where later used as an underline for a quantitative questionnaire survey directed towards the companies potential and existing customers. The questionnaire gave answers concerning important customer factors when buying jeans. The survey also described the consumers brand image and their preference in brands.</p><p>Theoretical perspectives:</p><p>The study is based on different theories and methods that seems relevant for the purpose of the study.</p><p>Empirical Foundations:</p><p>The empiri consists both of the information received through the interviews with the three companies and the result from the quantitative questionnaire survey.</p><p>Conclusions:</p><p>100 percent of the respondents rate the appearance of the jeans as more important than the price. The company trademarks are therefore more or less highly involving. The clothing companies must, due to this, first and foremost offer an appealing product to establish themselves. In today’s mature market it isn’t enough to compete with a classic market mix even if it is combined with a network theory. Jeans companies that want to establish themselves on the Swedish market must do so using trademark building processes, designed towards creating a good image.</p>

Syfte: Denna uppsats syftar till att ta reda på hur klädesföretag kan etablera sig på en redan mogen marknad. Detta har belysts genom att studera och analysera tre svenska jeansföretag. Målet var att finna vilka de viktigaste faktorerna är för att etablera klädesföretag på den svenska marknaden. Metod: Först genomfördes kvalitativa intervjuer med de tre jeansföretagen. Intervjuerna redogjorde för företagens etableringsstrategier samt identiteter, vilka användes som grund för de enkätundersökningar som sedan genomfördes. De kvantitativa enkätundersökningarna av företagens potentiella och befintliga kunder, gav svar på olika faktorers vikt vid köp av jeans. Undersökningen redogjorde även för konsumenternas varumärkesimage och preferens av varumärke. Teoretiskt perspektiv: Då denna uppsats handlar om ett utbyte mellan två parter, har vi valt att skriva ur såväl ett sälja- som ett köparperspektiv. Epiri: Empirin innefattar både den information vi fått under intervjuerna med de tre klädesföretagen och informationen från enkätundersökningarna. Resultat: 100 procent av respondenterna anser att byxans utseende är överordnat priset. Företagens varumärken är därav mer eller mindre höginvolverande. Klädesföretag måste på grund av detta först och främst erbjuda en tilltalande produkt för att lyckas etablera sig. På dagens mogna marknad är det dock inte tillräckligt att konkurrera med klassisk marknadsmix även om denna kombineras med nätverksteori. Klädesföretag som vill lyckas etablera sig på den svenska marknaden måste arbeta med varumärkesbyggande processer, inriktade mot att skapa god image. / Purpose: This study aims to investigate how jeans clothing companies can establish themselves on an already mature market. This has been performed by studying and analysing three Swedish jeans companies. The goal was to establish what the most important factors were in establishing a jeans clothing company on the Swedish market. Methodology: Qualitative interviews where made with three jeans companies. The interviews gave a description of both the companies establishing strategies as well as their identities. These where later used as an underline for a quantitative questionnaire survey directed towards the companies potential and existing customers. The questionnaire gave answers concerning important customer factors when buying jeans. The survey also described the consumers brand image and their preference in brands. Theoretical perspectives: The study is based on different theories and methods that seems relevant for the purpose of the study. Empirical Foundations: The empiri consists both of the information received through the interviews with the three companies and the result from the quantitative questionnaire survey. Conclusions: 100 percent of the respondents rate the appearance of the jeans as more important than the price. The company trademarks are therefore more or less highly involving. The clothing companies must, due to this, first and foremost offer an appealing product to establish themselves. In today’s mature market it isn’t enough to compete with a classic market mix even if it is combined with a network theory. Jeans companies that want to establish themselves on the Swedish market must do so using trademark building processes, designed towards creating a good image.

Den här uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka hur vegetariska kampanjer, som exempelvis Köttfri måndag, framställs i svenska tidningar. Detta sker genom en diskursanalys av tidningsartiklar från både lokala och rikstäckande tidningar samt av artiklar som enbart finns publicerade på internet. Uppsatsens teoretiska utgångspunkt är Foucaults tankar om diskursen och dess samband med makt och kunskap samt Laclau &amp; Mouffes diskursteori. De tidningsartiklar som valts ut för analys har alla på något sätt kunnat relateras till vegetariska kampanjer. Under analysen har det insamlade materialet sorterats in under fem olika teman som de respektive artiklarna berör. Dessa teman är: politik, miljö, ekonomi, etik och hälsa. Resultaten visar att det, inom alla teman, har kunnat identifieras motstridiga diskurser som skiljer sig i sin framställning av vegetariska kampanjer och som använder sig av olika strategier i denna process. Ett av de mer intressanta resultaten visar på en tydlig skillnad i framställningen av vegetariska kampanjer mellan de två diskurser som identifierats inom det politiska temat. Vidare så anser vi att denna skillnad kan knytas till de politiska ideologierna liberalism respektive socialism och den motsättning avseende grundläggande värden som där föreligger. Något förvånande var frånvaron av artiklar under det etiska temat då de etiska implikationerna av köttätande förväntades spela en central roll i förespråkandet av vegetariska kampanjer. En slutsats som möjligtvis kan dras av detta är att vegetariska kampanjer bör betraktas som en del av miljörörelsen snarare än som en vegetarisk rörelse vilket namnet antyder. / This essay aims to study how vegetarian campaigns, for instance Meatless Mondays, are presented in Swedish newspapers. This is done by a discourse analysis of newspaper articles, which include both regional and nationwide newspapers, as well as articles that are only available through the Internet. The essays theoretical background stems from Foucaults thoughts on the discourse and its relation to power and knowledge as well as Laclau &amp; Mouffes discourse theory. All of the articles that have been selected for further analysis are in some way related to vegetarian campaigns. In the analysis of the gathered material, the articles have been sorted under five different themes, which in some way relate to the subject matter of the different articles. These themes are: political, environmental, economical, ethical and health. The results show that several contradicting discourses can be identified in all of the themes. These discourses differ in their presentation of vegetarian campaigns and utilize different strategies in doing so. One of the more interesting results showed that there is a clear difference in how the two discourses, that were identified in the politics theme, presents vegetarian campaigns. Furthermore we believe that this difference can been linked to the two ideologies liberalism and socialism and more specifically to the way in which they differ in their primary values. Somewhat surprising was the absence of articles in the ethical theme as we were expecting the ethical implications of meat eating to play a central role in the advocating of vegetarian campaigns. A conclusion that one might be able to draw from this is that vegetarian campaigns should be viewed as part of the environmental movement rather than as a vegetarian movement that the name suggests.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, August, 2005. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-122)