Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is histopathologically characterized by neurodegeneration, the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular Aβ deposits that derive from proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). As rodents do not normally develop Aβ pathology, various transgenic animal models of AD were designed to overexpress human APP with mutations favouring its amyloidogenic processing. However, these mouse models display tremendous differences in the spatial and temporal appearance of Aβ deposits, synaptic dysfunction, neurodegeneration and the manifestation of learning deficits which may be caused by age-related and brain region- specific differences in APP transgene levels. Consequentially, a comparative temporal and regional analysis of the pathological effects of Aβ in mouse brains is difficult complicating the validation of therapeutic AD treatment strategies in different mouse models. To date, no antibodies are available that properly discriminate endogenous rodent and transgenic human APP in brains of APP-transgenic animals. Here, we developed and characterized rat monoclonal antibodies by immunohistochemistry and Western blot that detect human but not murine APP in brains of three APP-transgenic mouse and one APP-transgenic rat model. We observed remarkable differences in expression levels and brain region-specific expression of human APP among the investigated transgenic mouse lines. This may explain the differences between APP-transgenic models mentioned above. Furthermore, we provide compelling evidence that our new antibodies specifically detect endogenous human APP in immunocytochemistry, FACS and immunoprecipitation. Hence, we propose these antibodies as standard tool for monitoring expression of endogenous or transfected APP in human cells and APP expression in transgenic animals.

Foi realizada uma análise quantitativa sistemática da literatura para verificar a acurácia do biomarcador ProEx C em pacientes com ASC-US, ASCH e SIL. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada no MEDLINE (PubMed e OVID), EMBASE, LILACS, IBECS, BIOSIS, Web of Science, SCOPUS, desde 1966 até Novembro de 2011. Esta revisão esteve centrada em estudos que cumpriram as três condições para a seleção do estudo, que incluem teste de Papanicolaou, teste de triagem ProEx C e histopatologia como o teste de referência. Resultados: Cinco estudos, incluindo 713 mulheres, foram analisados. Das biopsias positivas, 83% (355/429) foram positivas para ProEx C, enquanto 14% (41/284) das biópsias negativas foram positivas para ProEx C. A sensibilidade combinada foi de 83% (95% IC, 79-87) e especificidade foi de 85% (95% IC, 80-89) usando o soaftware Meta-Disc. Para lesão cervical vs biópsia positiva ou negativa, a área sob a curva (AUC) foi de 0,90 com valor do ponto Q * de 0,84. Conclusão: nossos dados concordam com a hipótese de que ProEx C representa um evento precoce na carcinogênese cervical e que poderiam estar associados com a iniciação e progressão de lesões cervicais e, se expressados nos exames estudados podem revelar maior acurácia diagnóstica destes exames. / Undertook a quantitative systematic review of the literature to ascertain the accuracy of the biomarker ProEx C in patients with ASC-US, ASC-H and SIL. Methods: A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE (PubMed and OVID interface), EMBASE, LILACS, IBECS, BIOSIS, Web of Science, SCOPUS, index from 1966 to November 2011. This review focused on studies that fulfill the three mandatory conditions for study selection that include Pap Test, triage testing ProEx C and histopathology like the reference test. Results: Five studies, including 713 women, were analyzed. 83% (355/429) of positive biopsy were positive for ProEx C activity, while 14% (41/284) of the negative biopsy were positive for ProEx C activity. Pooled sensitivity was 83% (95% IC, 79 to 87) and specificity was 85% (95% IC, 80-89) using software Meta-Disc. For cervical lesion vs positive or negative biopsy, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.90 with Q* point value of 0.84. Conclusion: our data agree with the hypothesis that ProEx C represents an early event in cervical carcinogenesis that could be associated with the initiation and progression of cervical lesions and is expressed in the studied tests may reveal greater diagnostic accuracy of these tests.

Foi realizada uma análise quantitativa sistemática da literatura para verificar a acurácia do biomarcador ProEx C em pacientes com ASC-US, ASCH e SIL. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada no MEDLINE (PubMed e OVID), EMBASE, LILACS, IBECS, BIOSIS, Web of Science, SCOPUS, desde 1966 até Novembro de 2011. Esta revisão esteve centrada em estudos que cumpriram as três condições para a seleção do estudo, que incluem teste de Papanicolaou, teste de triagem ProEx C e histopatologia como o teste de referência. Resultados: Cinco estudos, incluindo 713 mulheres, foram analisados. Das biopsias positivas, 83% (355/429) foram positivas para ProEx C, enquanto 14% (41/284) das biópsias negativas foram positivas para ProEx C. A sensibilidade combinada foi de 83% (95% IC, 79-87) e especificidade foi de 85% (95% IC, 80-89) usando o soaftware Meta-Disc. Para lesão cervical vs biópsia positiva ou negativa, a área sob a curva (AUC) foi de 0,90 com valor do ponto Q * de 0,84. Conclusão: nossos dados concordam com a hipótese de que ProEx C representa um evento precoce na carcinogênese cervical e que poderiam estar associados com a iniciação e progressão de lesões cervicais e, se expressados nos exames estudados podem revelar maior acurácia diagnóstica destes exames. / Undertook a quantitative systematic review of the literature to ascertain the accuracy of the biomarker ProEx C in patients with ASC-US, ASC-H and SIL. Methods: A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE (PubMed and OVID interface), EMBASE, LILACS, IBECS, BIOSIS, Web of Science, SCOPUS, index from 1966 to November 2011. This review focused on studies that fulfill the three mandatory conditions for study selection that include Pap Test, triage testing ProEx C and histopathology like the reference test. Results: Five studies, including 713 women, were analyzed. 83% (355/429) of positive biopsy were positive for ProEx C activity, while 14% (41/284) of the negative biopsy were positive for ProEx C activity. Pooled sensitivity was 83% (95% IC, 79 to 87) and specificity was 85% (95% IC, 80-89) using software Meta-Disc. For cervical lesion vs positive or negative biopsy, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.90 with Q* point value of 0.84. Conclusion: our data agree with the hypothesis that ProEx C represents an early event in cervical carcinogenesis that could be associated with the initiation and progression of cervical lesions and is expressed in the studied tests may reveal greater diagnostic accuracy of these tests.

Foi realizada uma análise quantitativa sistemática da literatura para verificar a acurácia do biomarcador ProEx C em pacientes com ASC-US, ASCH e SIL. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada no MEDLINE (PubMed e OVID), EMBASE, LILACS, IBECS, BIOSIS, Web of Science, SCOPUS, desde 1966 até Novembro de 2011. Esta revisão esteve centrada em estudos que cumpriram as três condições para a seleção do estudo, que incluem teste de Papanicolaou, teste de triagem ProEx C e histopatologia como o teste de referência. Resultados: Cinco estudos, incluindo 713 mulheres, foram analisados. Das biopsias positivas, 83% (355/429) foram positivas para ProEx C, enquanto 14% (41/284) das biópsias negativas foram positivas para ProEx C. A sensibilidade combinada foi de 83% (95% IC, 79-87) e especificidade foi de 85% (95% IC, 80-89) usando o soaftware Meta-Disc. Para lesão cervical vs biópsia positiva ou negativa, a área sob a curva (AUC) foi de 0,90 com valor do ponto Q * de 0,84. Conclusão: nossos dados concordam com a hipótese de que ProEx C representa um evento precoce na carcinogênese cervical e que poderiam estar associados com a iniciação e progressão de lesões cervicais e, se expressados nos exames estudados podem revelar maior acurácia diagnóstica destes exames. / Undertook a quantitative systematic review of the literature to ascertain the accuracy of the biomarker ProEx C in patients with ASC-US, ASC-H and SIL. Methods: A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE (PubMed and OVID interface), EMBASE, LILACS, IBECS, BIOSIS, Web of Science, SCOPUS, index from 1966 to November 2011. This review focused on studies that fulfill the three mandatory conditions for study selection that include Pap Test, triage testing ProEx C and histopathology like the reference test. Results: Five studies, including 713 women, were analyzed. 83% (355/429) of positive biopsy were positive for ProEx C activity, while 14% (41/284) of the negative biopsy were positive for ProEx C activity. Pooled sensitivity was 83% (95% IC, 79 to 87) and specificity was 85% (95% IC, 80-89) using software Meta-Disc. For cervical lesion vs positive or negative biopsy, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.90 with Q* point value of 0.84. Conclusion: our data agree with the hypothesis that ProEx C represents an early event in cervical carcinogenesis that could be associated with the initiation and progression of cervical lesions and is expressed in the studied tests may reveal greater diagnostic accuracy of these tests.