Recent studies have indicated stronger mood dependent memory (MDM) effects when subjects generate both the to-be-remembered events and the cues used in their retrieval, and when subjects who experience similar moods are compared to subjects who report a change in both pleasure and arousal, rather than others who report a change in pleasure alone. The first study was undertaken to experimentally evaluate the relationship between mood change and memory performance. Specifically, four mood manipulations were developed to compare memory performance in subjects assigned to no mood change, change in pleasure, change in arousal, or change in both pleasure and arousal. Subjects generated autobiographical events in response to neutral nouns, and were tested for free recall and recognition of these events two days later. Results demonstrated greater memory disruption after change in both pleasure and arousal than after change in pleasure alone. However, one-dimensional change in arousal led to as much memory disruption as did change in both dimensions. Separate ANOVAs compared each mood in combination with each other mood and indicated that MDM was more strongly supported in some combinations than others. Further, the pattern in free recall was different from the pattern in recognition indicating that MDM effects may vary interactively across moods and tasks. The second study was undertaken to validate prior research by employing subjects who experience large, but naturally occurring, changes in mood. Patients with rapid-cycling Bipolar Disorder performed a variety of tasks during study sessions and were tested for implicit and explicit memory during test sessions. Significant MDM effects were supported in free recall of autobiographical events and inkblot recognition, but not in implicit category production of autobiographical event probes, picture fragment completion, explicit nor implicit memory for letter associates. Results validate MDM as a real world phenomenon that impacts on explicit memory performance in subjects whose moods are not manipulated. Discussion centers on prospects for future studies that consider a wider range of manipulated moods and tasks, theories of emotion, and other clinical groups in the investigation of MDM. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Lopes Verardi / Banca: Dalton Muller Pessôa Filho / Banca: Sandro Caramaschi / Resumo: O estresse associado ao desempenho do atleta em competições esportivas é um tópico altamente relevante. Com o avanço dos métodos de treinamento, nível de competitividade, demanda do contexto esportivo e fatores externos, torna-se imprescindível o monitoramento dos atletas buscando identificar quaisquer fatores que possam lhes causar perda de desempenho ou questões que possam o afastar da modalidade. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar níveis de estresse, estado de humor, bem como a percepção de estresse e de recuperação de 32 atletas de ambos os gêneros, praticantes de natação. Para avaliar quantitativamente as variáveis, foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: o Questionário de Estresse e Recuperação para Atletas (REST-Q), que descreve o estado mental, emocional e o bem estar físico dos atletas, a Escala de Humor de Brunel (BRUMS), que permite uma rápida mensuração do estado de humor em populações compostas por adultos e adolescentes, a Percepção Subjetiva de Esforço de Foster (PSE), que tem como finalidade identificar de maneira rápida e simples como os praticantes de determinada atividade compreende o esforço realizado durante a tarefa proposta. Os resultados demonstraram que no primeiro momentos os atletas estavam com um estado de humor elevado, o que indica um ótimo desempenho para competições, posteriormente é possível notar uma redução nos valores de vigor e aumento nas outras variáveis, levando os atletas a um desequilíbrio no padrão do esta... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The stress associated with athlete performance in sporting competitions is a highly relevant topic. With tha advancement of training methods, level of competitiveness, demand of the sport context and external factors, it tis essential to monitor the athletes seeking to identify any factors that may cause them to lose performance or issues that may distract them from the sport. The present study aims to identify and analyze stress levels, mood state, as well as the perception of stress and recovery of 32 athletes of both genders, swimmers. In order to quantitatively evaluate the variables, the following instruments were used: the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (REST-Q), which describes the mental, emotional and physical well-being of the athletes, the Brunel Mood Sate Scale (BRUMS). Which allows a rapid measurement of mood in populations composed of adults and adolescentes, Foster Perception Subjective Effort (PSE), which aims to identify in a quick and simple way how the practioners of a certain activity comprises the effort made during. The proposed task. The results showed that in the first moments the athletes were in a high mood, which indicates an excellent performance for competitions, later it is possible to notice a reduction in the values of vigor and increase in the order variables, leading the athletes to an imbalance in the standard Of the state of humor. Values obtained on the stress and recovery scale changed during the season, with stress indexes increased, while recovery values reduced, indicationg susceptibility to injuries and overtrining. In this way, it is concluded that athletes have become more likely to have harmful and overtraining frames over time, thus is necessary to monitor athlete workloads and perceptions. To better understand the states of humor it is necessary to know the athlete deeply and the context in which he is inserted / Mestre

Background: Research on adolescent mental health suggests that prevalence rates for depressed mood are not uniformly distributed across all populations. This study examined demographic difference in depressed mood among a nationally representative sample of high school adolescents. Methods: The 2003 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey was utilized to examine the association between depressed mood and demographic variables. To examine demographic associations, chi-square and follow-up logistic regression models were created for the sample of high school adolescents (N = 15,214). Results: Caucasians and African Americans were significantly less likely to report depressed mood when compared to Hispanics and Others. Women were also more likely than men to report depressed mood. No significant differences were observed among levels of urbanicity and age. Conclusions: An understanding of the difference in the prevalence and correlates of depressed mood among adolescents of various ethnic/racial and gender groups deserves increased attention. Given the fact that challenges with depressed mood in adolescents can be substantial and relatively unrecognized, there is an increased need to identify these adolescents early and intervene with culturally appropriate interventions.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The relationship between positive urgency, a personality trait reflecting rash action during extreme positive emotional states, and risk-taking has previously been experimentally examined. However, how positive urgency is related to risk-taking while under the acute influence of alcohol has not been examined. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to generate behavioral evidence concerning how the interaction between positive urgency and alcohol consumption influences risk-taking via changes in emotional arousal. In this study, 59 community dwelling adults (mean age = 29.45 (SD = 10.96), 32.2% women, 78% White) completed mood induction procedures (positive or neutral) while consuming a beverage (alcohol or placebo) and then completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) as a measure of risk-taking. The positive mood induction was effective in inducing high arousal positive emotions. Overall, study hypotheses were not supported; however, because of low power, effect sizes and patterns of relationship are reported. The relationship between positive urgency and risk-taking was positive and small in the positive mood condition but negative and small in the neutral mood condition. The alcohol group and the placebo group showed similar patterns of risk-taking that are positive and small. Finally, the relationship between positive urgency changes in emotional arousal was positive and small only in the positive/alcohol condition; however, there was no relationship between changes in emotional arousal and risk-taking. These findings suggest that, while changes in emotional arousal may result from a combination of positive urgency and alcohol consumption, it may not be a focal mechanism that explains the relationship between positive urgency and risk-taking. Further, positive urgency is a risk factor whether or not alcohol consumption is present. Although the small sample size limited the power to test the hypotheses, the effect size estimates obtained in this study provide preliminary data for a more properly powered future study. The pattern of findings suggests the viability of further developing the current positive mood induction to establish a lab-based paradigm for positive urgency and the use of a different experimental risk-taking task to examine positive emotion-based risk-taking.

Alcohol consumption is prevalent on college campuses. There are a number of theories that seek to explain the link between alcohol use and mood. The affective-processing model posits that negative affect may interact with subconscious cognitive factors, such as attention bias (AB), to promote drug-seeking behavior. In contrast, the incentive-sensitization model suggests positive mood may drive drug seeking behavior, and this drive may be moderated by cognitive factors (e.g., AB). The current study hypothesized that both positive and negative mood would be associated with drug craving in the moment. It was further hypothesized that AB would moderate mood-craving associations. Participants (n = 69) from a Midwestern University carried a mobile device for 15 days and provided ratings of momentary mood (positive mood, anxiety, anger, and sadness), craving, and attention bias. Across assessments, all four moods were positively associated with momentary craving (p < .05). There were significant interactions of Anxiety x AB, Anger x AB, and Positive Mood x AB; all of which varied by gender. For men, Anxiety (B = .15, p = .004) and Positive Mood (B = .22, p < .001) were more robustly associated with momentary craving when their AB was +1SD above their own mean. For women, Anger (B = .14, p = .001) was more robustly associated with momentary craving when their AB was +1SD above their own mean. These results indicate differential effects of AB on mood by gender. Theoretical models of mood x cognition interactions may have more nuanced effects based on one's gender. This suggests that different forms of mood may trigger drug seeking behavior for men and women, offering important gender differences in relapse risk.

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Increased life expectancy has led to a 15% growth in the population of seniors (aged 65 and above) in Canada, in the last 5 years and this trend is expected to grow. However, the provision of personalized care is bottlenecked, due a severe shortage of formal caregivers in the healthcare industry. Technological solutions are proposed to supplement or replace human care, but have not been widely accepted due to their inability of dynamically adapting to user needs and context of respective situations. Affective data (i.e., emotions and moods of individuals), can be utilized to induce context-awareness and artificial emotional intelligence in such technological solutions, and thereby provide personalized support. Moreover, the capacity of brain to process affective phenomenon can serve as an indicator of onsetting neuro-degenerative diseases. This research thoroughly investigated what affect is, and how it can be used in computing in real-life scenarios. Particularly, evidence was obtained on which biological signals collected using a wearable sensor device were capable of capturing the arousal dimension of affective states (emotions and moods) of individuals. Furthermore, a qualitative study was conducted with older adults using semi-structured interviews, to determine the feasibility and acceptability of different self-report measures of mood, which are crucial to capture the valence dimension of affect. As the hypothesis that older adults would prefer a pictorial measure to self-report their mood failed, we proposed an adjective-based mood reporting instrument prototype, and laid down implications for future research.

No description available.

This study examined the effects of verbal suggestion and music listening on mood changes of college students. The 135 volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (Condition 1/somber depiction with music, Condition 2/pleasant depiction with music, or Condition 3/music only). The Profile of Mood States was administered before and after each condition. Significant differences (p<.05) were found between pre and posttest scores within the groups; however, no significant differences were found among the groups for these same measures. A music questionnaire was administered following the posttest which examined the subjects' preference for the music played, the frequency of experiencing images while listening to music, and their opinion concerning whether the depiction complemented the music. Implications of the results are discussed, and suggestions for future research are given.

Depression is associated with reduced declarative memory performance and decreased hippocampal volume. Depression has also been associated with decreased levels of adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. Computational models propose that neurogenesis is critical for the computational process of pattern separation, whereby distinct memory representations are created for very similar stimuli and events. It has been proposed that depression negatively impacts pattern separation abilities; however, a link between depression and performance in pattern separation memory tasks has yet to be investigated. Accordingly, we designed a study to investigate the relationship between pattern separation performance and the severity of depression symptoms. Participants completed a recognition memory test with high pattern separation demands as well as a set of questionnaires to gauge their level of depression. We found a negative relationship between depression scores and pattern separation scores in support of the theory that depression is negatively related to pattern separation performance.