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Awareness of environmental degradation has stimulated inquiry into the relationship between humans and the environment, increased the demand for ecological conservation, and contributed to the idea of "sustainable development". Community based decision-making has emerged as a crucial focus in environmental management and sustainable development research. This dissertation examines community based environmental decision-making in an area where traditional institutions for communal land holding are facing pressures of modernisation. The dissertation examines the potential, limitations and challenges these institutions face, from a community based perspective, if they are to function as effective vehicles for local environmental management and sustainable development. Drawing on the United Nations ideas of North-South partnerships for development, and on the recognition that access to information is critical in environmental decision-making; the dissertation also explores academic-community partnerships as a means of enhancing community based environmental decision-making. The research uses a case study approach with qualitative and participatory methodologies to explore traditional and emerging decision-making bodies in a rural, resource-based, community. The study draws on conceptual insights from the fields of conservation, development, environmental decision-making, natural resource management, land tenure and commons property research, and from popular education and participatory research. / Through examining the comunidad of Huitzilac in the state of Morelos, Mexico, this study identifies the importance of the shared history of struggle for land as a factor facilitating collective action in comunidades. The internal organization of comunidades however, is found to present limitations for facilitating community based and sustainable decision-making. Notably, the membership of comunidades is not representative of diverse community based actors and interests, and the mandate of these communal land-holding institutions does not address environmental protection or sustainability. Factors external to community based decision-making structures such as the increased accessibility to markets, perceived changes in conditions for agriculture and governmental conservation policy are found to have repercussions on community based environmental decision-making. Internal and external factors are combined with one another in intricate ways resulting in the weakening of traditional institutions and resulting in environmental degradation and social turmoil. / Academic-community partnerships, studied through the creation and analysis of ACCES, Academic and Community Cooperation for Environmental Sustainability, were found to contribute to community based environmental decision-making by creating conditions for community organizing and action for groups marginalized from the traditional communal decision-making mechanisms. Through a process that integrates popular education and academic research, characterized by flexibility, the promotion of information and awareness, and the promotion of values such as trust and cooperation, academic-community partnerships can facilitate community based organizing for environmental decision-making and action.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 248-258).

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Historia. / La Revolución Mexicana fue iniciada por Francisco I. Madero en 1910 en busca de un cambio político. Posteriormente sus continuadores le imprimieron un rumbo hacia una transformación social. La revolución es una de las etapas más trascendentales de la Historia de México y marca el panorama general de la vida de este país en el transcurso del siglo XX. Hablar de la Revolución Mexicana no es sólo referirse a la lucha armada que derrocó a Porfirio Díaz, sino que comprende además el sistema constitucional jurídico e institucional emanado de esta lucha y, obviamente, abarca también el proceso de creación de una realidad distinta capaz de responder a las demandas políticas, sociales, económicas y culturales del pueblo mexicano.

Cette thèse analyse les causes et les impacts de l'urbanisation et de la gentrification rurale dans trois municipalités de l'état de Morelos, au Mexique, ainsi que les stratégies de reproduction que mobilisent les habitants originaires dans ce contexte, Nous examinons deux types de causes de l'urbanisation et de la gentrification rurale, ceux qui, « du côté de la production », créent l'offre d'espaces gentrifiés, el ceux qui, « du côté de la consommation », encouragent la demande de ces espaces. Quant aux impacts de cette urbanisation et gentrification rurale sur les habitants originaires, ils sont, de façon générale, positifs en termes économiques, encourageant lU1 ancrage des habitants ù leurs localités d'origine à partir de la création d'emplois (notamment dans les services), mais négatifs en termes sociaux et environnement aux. D'autre part, nous analysons les stratégies de reproduction agricoles, foncières et non agricoles que mobilisent les habitants originaires dans ce contexte d'urbanisation et de gentrification rurale. Ainsi, nous montrons qu'il y a une expansion des stratégies non agricoles - notamment l'adoption d'emplois non agricoles et l'accroissement de la scolarisation - qui ont des impacts sur les stratégies agricoles, surtout en ce qui concerne la diminution de la participation de la main-d'œuvre familiale aux activités agricoles el l'augmentation du poids de la main-d'œuvre agricole salariée, ainsi que sur les stratégies foncières, encourageant la vente et la mise en location de parcelles. / This thesis analyses the causes and impacts of urbanization and rural gentrification in three municipalities of the state of Morelos, Mexico, and the reproduction strategies that native inhabitants draw on in this context. We examine two types of causes of this urbanisation and rural gentrification, those which, from the "production side", create the offer of gentritied spaces, and those which, from the "consumption si de", encourage the demand for these spaces. As for the impacts of this urbanisation and rural gentrification on the native inhabitants, they are, in general, positive in economic terms, encouraging the anchoring of these inhabitants to tbeir localities of origin through the creation of job opportunities (especially in the service sector), but negative in social and environmental terms, Moreover. we analyse the agricultural, agrarian and non agricultural reproduction strategies that the native inhabitants draw on in this context or urbanisation and rural gentrification. ln this way, we show that there is an expansion of non agricultural strategies - especiallv the adoption of non agricultural employrnent and the increase in schooling - !hat have impacts on agricultural strategies, notably concerning the reduction in the participation of family labour in agricultural activities and the increase in the weight of wage labour, and on land tenure strategies, encouraging the selling and renting out of plots.

La présente étude cherche à comprendre sociologiquement les significations sociales du corps, de la reproduction et de la sexualité des acteurs sociaux dans le cadre de la médicalisation de la reproduction et de la sexualité, plus particulièrement en ce qui concerne l’emploi des technologies médicales (contraception, césarienne, ultrasons, etc.). Nous inscrivons notre projet à la lumière du rôle central que jouent la médecine et le processus de médicalisation dans les sociétés contemporaines telle celle du Mexique dans la production et la régulation du corps, de la sexualité et de la reproduction. Nous mettons l’accent sur les conséquences de la médicalisation sur la sexualité et la reproduction ainsi que sur les droits sexuels et reproductifs des personnes, tout en soulignant tant le rôle des nouvelles technologies reproductives (NTR) que celui des structures d’exclusion sociale dans ces processus. De même, nous identifions dans cette étude diverses inégalités sociales dans le domaine de la santé reproductive et de la sexualité pour en dégager les dimensions ethnoraciales, de genre, de classe sociale, etc. Nous privilégions une analyse intersectionnelle qui permet de rendre compte de l’entrecroisement et de l’interaction de divers axes d’oppression et de privilèges dans la construction des significations attribuées au corps, à la sexualité et à la reproduction. / This qualitative study seeks to understand the meanings of the body, reproduction and sexuality in the framework of the medicalization process. We also recognize the important role of the latter regarding sexuality, reproduction and body construction and regulation in contemporary societies such as Mexico. We focus on the impact of social structures of exclusions as well as new reproductive technologies (such as contraception, c-sections, ultrasound, etc.) over sexual and reproductive health and rights. We identify how different social inequalities (and their racial, ethnic, gender and social class dimensions) impact sexual and reproductive health and rights. We use an intersectional analysis in order to account for the interaction of different axis of oppression and privilege in the construction of the meanings and experiences of the body, sexuality and reproduction.

Tesis Doctorado (Doctor en Ciencias en la Especialidad de Matemática Educativa)-UAEM. Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación, 2002. / Digitized and made available on the World Wide Web by Interamerican University of Puerto Rico, 2002. Bibliography: leaves 172-176.

Until recently, Mexico’s criminal court system systematically failed to observe the human rights of defendants, leading to widespread criticisms about the integrity of the system and the vulnerability of defendants to unconscionable judicial practices. Intending to remedy those deficiencies, several Mexican states have proceeded to transition from a semi-inquisitorial criminal procedure to an American-style adversarial one. Because of a 2008 reform to the national constitution, all Mexican states must adopt such criminal procedure reforms by 2016. In theory, these reforms should result in fewer overall cases, a reduced reliance on pre-trial detentions, and more dismissals of cases and acquittals. This thesis uses data collected by Mexico’s official statistical agency, INEGI, to test these hypotheses in judicial districts in four states: Oaxaca, Chihuahua, Morelos, and Zacatecas. While far fewer criminal cases are being brought in early-implementer districts that have transitioned to the new criminal procedures, the results on other statistical indicators are mixed. Nonetheless, the balance of evidence suggests that the reformed procedures are more likely to be fair to defendants and reduce overall wrongful convictions. / text