Speciation, the formation of new species, is an essential evolutionary process that causes species diversity on the Earth. At the beginning of this process is the separation of two populations by a reproductive barrier that prevents gene flow between these populations. One of the mechanisms, which enable reproductive isolation, is hybrid sterility (HS). It is a mechanism of postzygotic isolation that is described in a number of eukaryotes. The first discovered gene of hybrid sterility in vertebrates is the mice gene Hst1, later identified as gene Prdm9. By genetic and molecular analysis the locus on the X chromosome was determined, whose interaction with Prdm9 causes sterility or reduced fitness in male hybrids. This locus contains two genetic factors: Hstx1, causing an abnormal morphology of spermatozoa, and Hstx2, causing an arrest in spermatogenesis in pachytene spermatocytes and sterility. In my thesis I focus on the effect of deletion of a candidate hybrid sterility gene Fmr1nb on the X chromosome. The analysis of males B6N.Fmr1nbmut with deletion variants of the Fmr1nb gene showed that Fmr1nb is one of the factors influencing spermatogenesis. An increase in morphologic abnormalities in spermatozoa occurred in males with Fmr1nb gene deletion. This phenotype is identical with Hstx1. The effect...

1 TITLE: Sino-Korean Lexicon in Modern Korean AUTHOR: Vladislava Mazana DEPARTMENT: Institute of East Asian Studies SUPERVISOR: Mgr. Tomáš Horák, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: This diploma paper is focused on morphological aspects of the Sino-Korean lexicon in modern Korean, the main topics are Sino-Korean word-formation and Sino-Korean classification of parts of speech. Hereby considered are the typological differences between Korean, an agglutinative language and Chinese, an isolative-polysyntetic language. The problem with Sino-Korean words is their ambiguity and vagueness, they appear in various grammatical and syntactical functions with their form unchanged. One morpheme can simultaneously function as an affix and root. This paper analyzes forms of function units, it deals with ways of word-formation (composition and derivation). The ways of prefixation and suffixation are researched. Based on the results of this analysis an adequate classification of Sino-Korean parts of speech is aimed to be established. Both the original Korean and the Chinese systems of parts of speech are taken into account but neither of them corresponds with the characterics and functions of the Sino-Korean words. Considering the multifunctional character of Sino-Korean morphemes it is extremely difficult to classify the words into parts of...

NG2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein mainly expressed in developing tissue, and often re-expressed in tumor cells. NG2 glycoprotein is an important regulator of cell migration and adhesion. Increased expression of NG2 enhances the metastatic potential of cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of these processes are still not fully understood. An increasing number of evidences, in recent years, have shown that NG2 can be responsible for Rho/ROCK activation, which is essential for effective amoeboid invasiveness. In this thesis, we analysed the role of NG2 glycoprotein, especially the role of its PDZ- binding motif on amoeboid phenotype induction, and activation of Rho/ROCK signaling. Our results demonstrate the importance of the NG2 PDZ-binding motif on mesenchymal- amoeboid transition of cells in a 3D environment. Surprisingly, they show that the expression of both the NG2 cytoplasmatic domain and the truncated version, lacking the PDZ-binding motif, do not change the amount of Rho-GTP or the activation of the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in 2D.

Following dissertation deals with the analysis of verbal symbols expressed in two works of Jan Hus: "O poznání cesty pravé k spasení (Dcerka) a Knížky o knězi kuchmistrovi". The first work is based on several manuscripts. The second is preserved in only one old print. This work first introduces the reader to the time of book origin, with charakter and ideas of Jan Hus. After that it is trying to define the term symbol. Each book is analyzed in terms of content and time of occurrence. Author divided symbols into several categories. His work deals with symbolism of characters, animals, body parts and abstract.

Insect wings are very specific and unique structures in animal kingdom. Wing morphology is a result of long-standing complicated evolutionary process and until recently the way how the wings have evolved is not completely clarified. The flight ability is one of the most important event in insect history because it allows them to exploit new habitats, escape from predators or find the sexual partner. Here we present the newly discovered material consisting of Palaeodictyoptera immature wings from the Upper Carboniferous (Westphalian A) of Poland. This order became extinct in the end of Permian, however during the Late Paleozoic was remarkably diversified. Until recently, number of adult palaeodictyopterans have been described, however the immature stages are relatively unknown due to lack of suitable fossils. Immature wings present in this thesis have undoubtedly palaeodictyopterous affinities with atribution within superfamilies Breyeroidea and Homoiopteroidea. However, their familial assignment into Breyeriidae (morphotype A) and Homiopteridae (morphotype B) based on fore wing venation characters is not definite because of wing venation limits in early ontogenetic stages. The aim of the present work is a complex description of 14 new palaeodictyopteriids immature wings, and to point out certain important...

The post-Triassic Nautiloidea are not as popular theme within fossils cephalopods research as for example ammonites. They are not very abundant in the fossil records except some rare localities and areas, their morphology is quite conservative and due to the usually poor preservation, their determination and assigning to the species even to genera level is often complicated. Exceptional are taxa with very specific morphology and short stratigraphic and endemic occurrence, which are even suitable for biostratigraphic interpretations. Problematic is also the often poor taxonomical representation of the type material and revision of many taxa is needed. Still nautilids are often represented by reasonable amount in the paleontological collections of natural history museums due to the long history of fossils collecting. Also the scientific literature has been dedicating at least some space to this group since 19 century. The aim of this study is to create an overview about the post- Triassic, especially Upper Cretaceous nautiolidea in the European region of epicontinental seas and prepare a good basement for extensive study of this group. Due to this aim the study is primarily focused on determination of morphological features and also problematic with their interpretation according to the variable...

iv Abstract The MA thesis examines the word-formation potential of expletive insertion with simple and complex words in English. It represents a linguistic phenomenon that is commonly used by native speakers, shows a certain degree of regularity and has gained popularity with the rise of the Internet, social media and the movie industry. The theoretical part introduces the previous studies on the phenomenon and presents the basic features of the phenomenon, namely the categorization of inserts and the classification of their positions in terms of the structure of the base as outlined by McMillan (1980). The extraction of the sample is described in the methodology section. The empirical part examines the phenomenon's main principles of use governed by prosody and morphology and illustrates the properties and both regularities and irregularities that the process exhibits (predictable insert position, poly-syllabicity of the base, its unchanged meaning and syntactic category, alternative categories of input bases and morphematic discontinuity of bases). The analysis comprises of two main parts: the study of the inserted bases (word-class, type of base, simple vs. complex, and a number of syllables) and the study of the expletive insert (representation of individual inserts and their position relative to stress...

The diploma thesis deals with culture of spoken language among pupils at second stage of elementary school. The theoretical part is focused on rhetoric, phonetics, syntax or stylistics. The thesis also includes a part about division of vocabulary. The last two chapters of the theoretical part deals with nonverbal communication and it also includes some specific features of spoken language. The research part contains analyses of speeches that were done by six pupils of ninth grade of elementary school. Prepared an unprepared speeches were analysed from phonetic, morphological, lexical and syntactic point of view. Nonverbal communication was also evaluated.

Dissertation Abstract Abdominalaortic aneurysm (AAA) is a serious disease. Its prevalence is in the developed countries about 3%. As an aneurysm is considered a dilatation of all layers of a vessel wall over 3 cm. Majority of AAA are small and asymptomatic, and although the risk of rupture increases with the size of aneurysm sack, even the small aneurysms rupture. The rupture mortaliry ranges about 70 %. Surgical treatment is indicated in the asymptomatic patients in diameter of AAA over 5 cm. The average speed of growth of AAA is 0.3 cm per year, e.g. in the early diagnosed patients there is a several years interval for a pharmacolocical influencing of the progression of this disease. Knowledge of pathogenesis is essential for any targeted pharmacological treatment. Our prospective, non-randomised studies are based on the application of the stereological methods for the histopathological assessment of the AAA samples. The acquired data enable the statistical analysis, including the null hypothesis testing. In our study analyzing the histopathology of AAA aortae of 65 patients (65 walls and 55 thrombi) and 6 normal abdominal aortae from the organ donors we assessed the following parameters: the area fractions of collagen and elastin, and the length density of elastin in intima and media, the area...

The goal of this dissertation is to propose and develop theoretical linguistic basis for the branch of Czech as a foreign language. Specifically, it deals with the complex linguistic description of Czech grammar in the function of a foreign language, which would introduce a theoretical solution for the processing of didactic grammars of Czech for foreigners. This description is supposed to provide such a range of linguistic information, which depending on the purpose, enables the variable processing of language structures and simultaneously clarifying the relationships and connections between them. Above mentioned linguistic description of Czech as a foreign language is focused on a specific group of non-native speakers, in our case, a group of non-native speakers, whose mother tongue is German. As it is a model process of description in this dissertation, the attention is only paid to the selected grammatical categories of Czech, namely the grammatical category of the genitive of substantives and verbal aspect. The issue of the description of the grammar of a natural language is initially discussed in general terms, in the part where we define the types of grammars that are relevant to our work. Subsequently we characterize both languages, i.e. Czech and German, in the terms of their differentiation, stratification and typological point of view. The particular linguistic description and its model application, which is the core of this work, is called a modified linguistic description with the reference to Dolník J. (1993). This description is based on five sources. These are the theoretical works of leading Czech and Slovak linguists, dealing with the issue of natural language and works describing Czech grammar. Further starting points for the proposed comprehensive description of Czech grammar is to define particular reference levels according to SERR for Czech as a foreign language, a research unit focused on the target group of non-native speakers and their perception of the difficulties of Czech grammatical phenomena, and last but not least, the research probe carried out in the particular corpora of the Czech National Corpus.