No description available.

This thesis deals with aspects of Persian phonology and morpho-phonology which are less studied or controversial, and has two specific goals: (i) to examine the structure of the Persian vowel system with the goal of understanding the asymmetries in patterning of different vowels in the system; (ii) to examine some suffixation processes in Persian with the goal of understanding the seeming irregularities in morphophonemics. The more generals goals of this work are to contribute to the discussions of: (i) determining dimensions of contrast in a vowel system; (ii) interactions of vowels and consonants at a morpheme boundary. Although the main focus of this work is on the synchronic status of these issues in Persian from a theoretical viewpoint, many discussions in the thesis benefit from an historical and/or an experimental investigation. As such, the thesis contributes both to the field of theoretical and experimental phonology, and offers both synchronic and historical perspectives on many issues at hand.

This thesis deals with aspects of Persian phonology and morpho-phonology which are less studied or controversial, and has two specific goals: (i) to examine the structure of the Persian vowel system with the goal of understanding the asymmetries in patterning of different vowels in the system; (ii) to examine some suffixation processes in Persian with the goal of understanding the seeming irregularities in morphophonemics. The more generals goals of this work are to contribute to the discussions of: (i) determining dimensions of contrast in a vowel system; (ii) interactions of vowels and consonants at a morpheme boundary. Although the main focus of this work is on the synchronic status of these issues in Persian from a theoretical viewpoint, many discussions in the thesis benefit from an historical and/or an experimental investigation. As such, the thesis contributes both to the field of theoretical and experimental phonology, and offers both synchronic and historical perspectives on many issues at hand.

L'objectif de cette thèse était de comparer des mesures de flux sédimentaires et des évolutions morphologiques in-situ à des simulations numériques 2DH sur des plages macrotidales à barres intertidales. Ces comparaisons ont été réalisées sur deux plages de la région Nord Pas de Calais – Picardie, la plage de Zuydcoote et la plage de Hardelot. Ces plages sont caractérisées par un système barre-bâche sableux rectiligne.Ce travail a permis d'acquérir des données courantométriques et des données de houle sur le profil de chaque plage pendant une semaine ainsi que des données situées plus au large nécessaires pour le forçage du modèle numérique. Des mesures ponctuelles de flux sédimentaires ont également été réalisées à l'aide de pièges à sédiments ainsi qu'un suivi d'évolution du fond à l'aide de mesures DGPS en début et fin de campagnes de mesures.L'ensemble de ces données a été comparé aux résultats obtenus par un modèle numérique 2DH. Ce modèle numérique est composé de trois modules de la chaîne de calcul TELEMAC, un module pour la prise en compte des courants de marée, un module de propagation spectrale de la houle, et un module de transport de sédiments et d'évolution morphologique. A l'aide de ces modules, des simulations ont été réalisées sur la durée des campagnes de mesures afin de calibrer différents paramètres en comparant les résultats aux mesures in-situ, notamment le coefficient de Strickler, l'indice de déferlement des vagues, ainsi que différentes formules de transport sédimentaire.Ces simulations ont permis de montrer l'influence de l'indice de déferlement sur les résultats des simulations à la fois sur la partie hydrodynamique ainsi que pour le transport sédimentaire et l'évolution morphologique.Quatre différentes formules de transport sédimentaire ont été utilisés afin de déterminer leurs capacités à reproduire les mesures de transport sédimentaire et d'évolution in-situ en fonction de l'indice de déferlement.Ce modèle a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle des vagues et de leurs déferlements sur la direction et l'intensité du transport sédimentaire ainsi que des zones préférentielles d'accrétion et d'érosion. Cette étude a également montré certaines limites du modèle principalement sur les vitesses perpendiculaires à la plage suite à l'utilisation d'un modèle 2D, ainsi que des limitations induites par l'utilisation d'un indice de déferlement prenant en compte uniquement le rapport hauteur de vague sur profondeur, et limitant le déferlement sur la crête des barres et dans la pente entre la barre et la bâche supérieur sur la plage. / The objective of this thesis was to compare sediment flux measurements and in situ morphological changes with 2DH numerical simulations on macrotidal beaches with intertidal bars. These comparisons were made on two beaches in the Nord Pas de Calais - Picardie ,Zuydcoote Beach and Hardelot Beach. These beaches are characterized by a straight sandy bar-trough system.This work allowed to acquire current data and wave data on the profile of each beach and also offshore data for a period of one week. Sediment flux measurements were also conducted using sediment traps and by monitoring bottom evolution using DGPS measurements at the beginning and the end of the campaigns.All these data were compared with results obtained by a digital 2DH model. This digital model is composed of three modules of the TELEMAC calculation chain, a module for taking into account the tidal currents, a spectral propagation module for the waves, and a sediment transport module with morphological evolution. Using these modules, simulations were performed for the duration of measurement campaigns to calibrate various parameters by comparing the results with in-situ measurements, including the Strickler coefficient, the wave-breaking index and four different sediment transport formulas.These simulations show the influence of the breaker index on both the hydrodynamic part and the sediment transport and morphological evolution.The different sediment transport formulas were used to determine their ability to reproduce the sediment transport measurements and the evolution according to the breaker value.This model has helped to highlight the role of waves and surges on the direction and intensity of the sediment transport as well as preferential areas of accretion and erosion. This study also shows some limitations of the model mainly on the speed perpendicular to the beach and the limitations caused by the use of a breaker index taking only into account the ratio between wave height and the deep, and limiting the surge on the crest of the bars and into the slope between the bar and the top trough on the beach.

Cette thèse qui se veut une contribution à l’étude des textes des grammairiens arabes portera sur l’orientation explicative qui caractérisait les grammairiens du 4ème/ 10ème siècle. Étant donné que notre intervention se limitera à la morpho-phonologie, nous avons choisi comme auteur Ibn Ğinnî ; considéré comme le grammairien le plus versé dans cette discipline. Nous tenterons d’explorer les principes qui régissent selon Ibn Ğinnî la morpho-phonologie. Une étude détaillée sera consacrée à la notion de lourdeur comme principe fondamental chez Ibn Ğinnî qui explique, d’une forme ou d’une autre, tout phénomène morpho-phonologique. Un recours à d’autres disciplines voisines où la méthodologie adoptée est plus explicite permettra de décoder le langage d’Ibn Ğinnî dans al-H et d’exploiter les implicites de son texte. Ce travail sur l’histoire de la langue mettra en exergue l’aspect interdisciplinaire comme perspective de recherche sur la grammaire arabe. / This thesis whose aim is to contribute to the study of the texts of the Arabic grammarian will deal with the explanatory orientation which characterised the grammarians of the 4th/10th century. Given that our intervention focuses on morph phonology, we chose as author Ibn Ğinnî, who is considered to be the most well-learned grammarian in this field. We will try to explore the principles, which according to him, governs morph phonology. A more detailed chapter will deal with the notion of heaviness which is a fundamental principle in Ibn Ğinnî and which explains somehow or other any phonological phenomenon. A study of other related subjects where the methodology adopted is more explicit will enable to understand the language of Ibn Ğinnî in Hasâ’is, and to make use of the implicits of314his texts. This work on the language history will highlight the interdisciplinary aspects as a research perspective in the Arabic grammar.

This research explores the concept of mimicking structural colour in nature as an alternative to traditional textile coloration techniques. In particular, the research focuses on certain species of buttery and beetle. Structural colours originate from the physical interaction of light with nanoscale structures. Firstly, this study explores the use of thin, multilayer films to aid designing and producing bi-component interference fibres, exhibiting structural colour similar to that of the Morpho buttery. In the textiles industry, a bicomponent fibre called the Morphotex® fibre has been produced. This fibre replicates the structure observed on the surface of the wings of the Morpho buttery, responsible for achieving the distinctive iridescent blue. The project aims to replicate and extend on previously implemented biomimetic structures on textiles. Secondly, this project investigates ways in which Cholesteric Liquid Crystals(CLC) can be printed onto a range of textile substrates using k-bar coating and inkjet printing methods, to exhibit structural colour similar to that of the Chrysina Gloriosa beetle. CLCs produce a wide colour gamut and provide angular colour effects that would be a welcome addition to the 'toolbox' of a textile designer. In this study, solvent based ink formulations containing CLCs are applied to pre-treated textile substrates, using a piezoelectric inkjet printer. Different ink formulations, with varying concentrations of nematic liquid crystal and chiral dopant, are investigated to create a range of coloured films. This research determines whether fibre content, fabric structure, thread density, film thickness and surface treatments have an impact on the colour perceived by the observer.

Expanding on the fields of bio-mimicry, morpho-ecologies, and dynamics and fluidity in architecture, this thesis proposes architecture as organism. It suggests that as organism, architecture is inherently responsive to the thresholds it exists on and within, thresholds which are composed not just of the physical but of the ephemeral; of time and of space. The existence, metabolism and morphology of an architectural organism becomes a function of the dynamic world into which it is born, inextricable from the ecology of the space it will inhabit. This thesis explores the architectural organism in the context of a visibly and significantly changing threshold, how connections are made between it and the world around it, and how it might engage those who are its inhabitants. The thesis is located in Nova Scotia’s Bay of Fundy, at the mouth of the Gaspereau River.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:10:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dias_acr_me_botfca.pdf: 1511623 bytes, checksum: da6aa3652c569228d64488832cfd2166 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os viveiros florestais apresentam condições microclimáticas que propiciam o desenvolvimento de patógenos que causam sérios danos, entre eles a morte das mudas. Dessa forma, o manejo integrado destas doenças se torna obrigatório, com várias medidas que podem ser adotadas: assepsia, a regulação, o controle biológico e o controle químico. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar o comportamento dos diferentes patógenos que atuam no viveiro, sob diferentes produtos químicos, assim como o efeito destes na produção mudas, a redução do nível de sintomas e o possível efeito morfo-fisiológico dos fungicidas sobre as mudas. O capitulo 1, destinou-se em avaliar o efeito “in-vitro” de sete fungicidas sobre o crescimento micelial de Botrytis cinerea, Ceratocystis fimbriata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Cryphonectria cubensis, Cylindrocladium scoparium, Dothiorella sp., Fusarium solani, Pestalotia sp., Rhizoctonia solani e Quambalaria eucalypti, patogênicos a estacas de eucalipto, nas concentrações de 1, 10, 100 e 1.000 μg.mL-1 (p/v) de ingrediente ativo (i.a.) em meio de BDA. Os resultados mostraram que para os fungicidas BAS 516 04 F, BAS 358 01F e BAS 512 14 F, seis patógenos foram totalmente ou parcialmente inibidos na concentração de 1 ou 10 μg.mL-1. Já o fungicida BAS 510 01 F se mostrou o menos eficiente. O capítulo II teve como objetivo de avaliar os diferentes produtos químicos no desenvolvimento das mudas de eucalipto. No experimento utilizaram os clones C041H e P4295H, com duas coletas de cada clone, utilizando seis compostos químicos. As mudas foram avaliadas quanto à altura da parte aérea (H), diâmetro do coleto (DC), massa seca total (MST), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca das raízes (MSR), relação entre altura da parte aérea e diâmetro do coleto (RHDC), relação entre altura da parte aérea e massa seca da parte aérea (RHMSPA)... / Nursery shows microclimatic conditions that favor the development of pathogens that cause serious harm, including death of seedlings. In this way, the integrated management of these diseases becomes mandatory, with various measures that can be taken: asepsis, regulation, biological control and chemical control. The goal of this work was to study the behavior of different pathogens that work in the nursery under different chemicals products, as well the effect of these in the production seedlings, the decreasing of the symptoms level and the possible effect of fungicides on morpho-physiological seedlings. The target of chapter I was evaluate the “in vitro” effect of seven fungicides above the mycelium growing of Botrytis cinerea, Ceratocystis fimbriata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Cryphonectria cubensis, Cylindrocladium scoparium, Dothiorella sp., Fusarium solani, Pestalotia sp., Rhizoctonia solani and Quambalaria eucalypti, pathogens to the eucalyptus stakes on concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg.mL-1 (p/v) of active ingredient (i.a) in vehicle BDA. The results showed that the fungicides BAS 516 04 F, BAS 358 01F and BAS 512 14 F six pathogens were partially or completely inhibited at a concentration of 1 or 10 μg.mL-1. In the other side, the fungicide BAS 510 01 F was the less efficient. The Chapter II was to evaluate the different chemicals products in the development of eucalyptus seedlings. In the experiment, was used the clones C041H and P4295H, with two samples of each clone, using six chemical compound. The seedlings was evaluated by air part height (H), basal diameter (DC), weight of total dry mass (MST), weight of dry mass of air part (MSPA), root dry mass weight (MSR), relation between air part height and basal diameter (RHDC) relation between air part height and dry mass of air part weight (RHMSPA) and Dickson quality indices (IQD). In the first sample to the clone... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Edson Luiz Furtado / Banca: Christiane Ceriani Aparecido / Banca: Magali Ribeiro da Silva / Resumo: Os viveiros florestais apresentam condições microclimáticas que propiciam o desenvolvimento de patógenos que causam sérios danos, entre eles a morte das mudas. Dessa forma, o manejo integrado destas doenças se torna obrigatório, com várias medidas que podem ser adotadas: assepsia, a regulação, o controle biológico e o controle químico. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar o comportamento dos diferentes patógenos que atuam no viveiro, sob diferentes produtos químicos, assim como o efeito destes na produção mudas, a redução do nível de sintomas e o possível efeito morfo-fisiológico dos fungicidas sobre as mudas. O capitulo 1, destinou-se em avaliar o efeito "in-vitro" de sete fungicidas sobre o crescimento micelial de Botrytis cinerea, Ceratocystis fimbriata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Cryphonectria cubensis, Cylindrocladium scoparium, Dothiorella sp., Fusarium solani, Pestalotia sp., Rhizoctonia solani e Quambalaria eucalypti, patogênicos a estacas de eucalipto, nas concentrações de 1, 10, 100 e 1.000 μg.mL-1 (p/v) de ingrediente ativo (i.a.) em meio de BDA. Os resultados mostraram que para os fungicidas BAS 516 04 F, BAS 358 01F e BAS 512 14 F, seis patógenos foram totalmente ou parcialmente inibidos na concentração de 1 ou 10 μg.mL-1. Já o fungicida BAS 510 01 F se mostrou o menos eficiente. O capítulo II teve como objetivo de avaliar os diferentes produtos químicos no desenvolvimento das mudas de eucalipto. No experimento utilizaram os clones C041H e P4295H, com duas coletas de cada clone, utilizando seis compostos químicos. As mudas foram avaliadas quanto à altura da parte aérea (H), diâmetro do coleto (DC), massa seca total (MST), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca das raízes (MSR), relação entre altura da parte aérea e diâmetro do coleto (RHDC), relação entre altura da parte aérea e massa seca da parte aérea (RHMSPA)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Nursery shows microclimatic conditions that favor the development of pathogens that cause serious harm, including death of seedlings. In this way, the integrated management of these diseases becomes mandatory, with various measures that can be taken: asepsis, regulation, biological control and chemical control. The goal of this work was to study the behavior of different pathogens that work in the nursery under different chemicals products, as well the effect of these in the production seedlings, the decreasing of the symptoms level and the possible effect of fungicides on morpho-physiological seedlings. The target of chapter I was evaluate the "in vitro" effect of seven fungicides above the mycelium growing of Botrytis cinerea, Ceratocystis fimbriata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Cryphonectria cubensis, Cylindrocladium scoparium, Dothiorella sp., Fusarium solani, Pestalotia sp., Rhizoctonia solani and Quambalaria eucalypti, pathogens to the eucalyptus stakes on concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg.mL-1 (p/v) of active ingredient (i.a) in vehicle BDA. The results showed that the fungicides BAS 516 04 F, BAS 358 01F and BAS 512 14 F six pathogens were partially or completely inhibited at a concentration of 1 or 10 μg.mL-1. In the other side, the fungicide BAS 510 01 F was the less efficient. The Chapter II was to evaluate the different chemicals products in the development of eucalyptus seedlings. In the experiment, was used the clones C041H and P4295H, with two samples of each clone, using six chemical compound. The seedlings was evaluated by air part height (H), basal diameter (DC), weight of total dry mass (MST), weight of dry mass of air part (MSPA), root dry mass weight (MSR), relation between air part height and basal diameter (RHDC) relation between air part height and dry mass of air part weight (RHMSPA) and Dickson quality indices (IQD). In the first sample to the clone... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Introduction : Les rétinopathies pigmentaires (RP) sont caractérisées par une grande hétérogénéité clinique et génétique rendant difficile la fiabilité du pronostic évolutif. Les nouvelles techniques d’évaluation laissent envisager la découverte de nouveaux marqueurs prédictifs palliant à ce problème. Matériel et méthode : Les patients sont majeurs et atteints de RP type bâtonnets-cônes. Le projet de thèse comprend l’étude de la qualité de vie (QDV), l’identification de nouveaux marqueurs prédictifs et l’examination du traitement par optogénétique. Résultats : 1) Un diamètre du champ visuel inférieur à 20° et une acuité visuelle inférieure à 0.3 représentent un seuil fonctionnel de dégradation de la QDV et de l’état émotionnel du patient. 2) L’intérêt des examens ophtalmologiques varie selon le stade de progression de la maladie. L’OCT est un examen révélé important à chaque stade de la RP. Le fond d’œil autofluorescent n’est pertinent que lorsqu’un anneau hyper-autofluorescent (HAF) est présent. 3) L’Optique Adaptative (OA), un potentiel nouveau marqueur innovant mais non-standardisé, révèle une diminution de la densité en cônes dans toutes les zones de l’anneau HAF. 4) Le traitement par optogénétique ne peut être proposé qu’à une minorité de patients avec une RP avancée ayant encore des cônes résiduels centraux. Conclusion : Les examens de suivi anatomo-fonctionnels à préconiser varient selon l’évolution de la RP. L’OA fournit de riches espoirs pour le suivi des patients RP par la visualisation des structures fines de la rétine. Les données de QDV et d’état émotionnel, sont indispensables pour mieux appréhender la maladie et avérer de l’efficacité d’un traitement. / Introduction: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are characterized by a great clinical and genetic heterogeneity making difficult any reliable evolutionary prognosis. New assessment techniques presage discovering new predictive markers overcoming this problem. Materials and Methods: RP patients are over 18 years old and have been diagnosed with rod-cone dystrophy. This thesis studies the impacts on quality of life (QOL), new predictive markers and optogenetics treatments. Results: 1) A diameter of less than 20° visual fields combined with a visual acuity of less than 0.3 set a functional level of degradation of QOL. 2) The benefits of ophthalmic examinations at follow-up RPs vary with stages of the disease. However the OCT exam has been proven beneficial throughout all PR stages; the autofluorescent funduscopy is only relevant when a hyper-autofluorescent (HAF) ring is present in the retina. 3) Adaptive Optics (AO), a new innovative marker not yet standardized, reveals a decrease in the cones density in all areas of the HAF ring. 4) Optogenetics treatments, based on a neuromodulation method, can only be offered to a minority of patients with advanced RP still having central residual cones. Conclusion: The anatomical and functional follow-up examinations to advocate to RP patients vary according to the stages of RP. OA provides rich hopes for monitoring RP patients by viewing the fine structures of the retina. Besides, data on QOL and emotional states are essential to better understand the RP disease and prove the effectiveness of a treatment.