<p>Med sammanfattning på engelska</p>

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Old forests are rich in diversity and house large numbers of plant, animal and insect species. Clear-cutting and ditching are common forestry practices in Scandinavia used to increase timber yield and production. This is done at a cost as there is often a turnover and a decrease in biodiversity as a result. Ditching reduces water levels, decreases the size of riparian zones and sometimes even dries out wetlands. Habitat change and disturbance affect the whole ecosystem, from small specialized micro-organisms to that of large grazers. The purpose of my study was to investigate the diversity of plants and mosses along a moisture gradient to identify if there is any pattern in diversity. Observations took place along the stream bank of Almarskogen, northeast of Karlstad in April, 2016. The gradient in the forest was divided into three separate categories ranging from moist soil, through an intermediate section to dry soil in the forest. A total of nine transects with three sample areas of two squaremeters each. An analysis of variance was calculated based on the effective number of species applied to Shannon-Wiener index (H´) for each sample plot. No significant difference was found, hence plant and mosses were analyzed separately, showing significance among the categories of vascularplants (P&lt;0,05). The prediction; that the largest diversity will be found in the intermediate category was not supported by the data. For further analysis, Ellenbergs indicator values for moist was applied. No significance was shown, but the average Ellenberg value for the different species showed a pattern along a gradient from moist soils to slightly drier soils.

No description available.

No description available.

Det finns ca 2100 arter av lavar och ca 1000 arter av mossor i Sverige. Av dessa befinner sig 281 lavarter och 233 mossarter på rödlistan. Lavar och mossor är relativt okända organismgrupper då nya arter fortfarande upptäcks som visar sig vara inte allt för ovanliga. De flesta lav- och mossarterna är inte särskilt känsliga för störningar, men de arter som som är känsliga är extra intressanta och utgör ofta signalarter för ett områdes status. Eftersom lavar och mossor är relativt lätta att hitta och återfinns året runt är av de man känner till välstuderade och används ofta som indikatorer på ett områdes biologiska kvaliter.   En jämförande inventering genomfördes sommaren 2010 i en produktionsskog med gran och en olikåldrig blandskog för att se om det fanns några skillnader i artdiversiteten av mossor och lavar genom att inventera 60 rutor i vardera skog. Inga signalarter eller arter kategoriserade som hotade hittades. I granskogen hittades två lavarter och 20 mossarter och i blandskogen hittades fem lavarter och 25 mossarter. Antalet arter var lägre i produktionsskogen men i genomsnitt fanns lika många arter per ruta i de båda skogarna. Produktionsskogen med gran ska ingå i ett framtida naturreservat och man vill att den ska bli så lik blandskogen som möjligt i framtiden. Olika förslag till skötselplanen tas upp, så som att ringbarka, frihugga lövträd samt att fylla igen dikena som sätts in för att produktionsskogen ska få en mer blandskogkaraktär.

Homogenous forests, such as forests managed for timber harvest, have caused a lot of discussion regarding the effect they have on biodiversity. Many studies have been done comparing the presence of organism groups and species between different types of forest and the production forests to better understand the effect production forests have on biodiversity. However, few studies have focused on how the bryophyte community is affected by these forests. In this study I study seven indicator moss species and compare their occurrence between nature reserves and production forests in Örebro municipality. These indicator species are used when evaluating if a forest has habitats that are of importance for red-listed species. When doing the inventory, I searched for potential habitat in the forests and tried to locate these species. I found that there were significantly more indicator species per inventoried area in the nature reserves than in the production forests. Furthermore, the density of the mosses was significantly higher in the nature reserves than in the production forests. These results suggest that habitats that are important for the indicator species and thus, the red-listed species are more scarce in the production forests.

No description available.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-26T21:18:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TalytaDelfinoRolimDeAlbuquerque_DISSERT.pdf: 2284989 bytes, checksum: 6b25b44bf6d63685506ea96437eef00b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-01T23:27:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TalytaDelfinoRolimDeAlbuquerque_DISSERT.pdf: 2284989 bytes, checksum: 6b25b44bf6d63685506ea96437eef00b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T23:27:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TalytaDelfinoRolimDeAlbuquerque_DISSERT.pdf: 2284989 bytes, checksum: 6b25b44bf6d63685506ea96437eef00b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / C?es s?o os reservat?rios prim?rios dos parasitos do g?nero Leishmania. A resposta imune induzida pela infec??o por Leishmania infantum nestes animais n?o est? completamente elucidada, e poucos estudos tem investigado a correla??o entre a express?o de citocinas e quimiocinas e as manifesta??es cl?nicas dos animais portadores de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC). O objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar os achados cl?nico em c?es naturalmente infectados por L. infantum (das ?reas rurais do munic?pio de Mossor?, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil) com os n?veis de express?o de citocinas (IFN-?, TNF-?, IL-10 e IL-17), iNOS, quimiocinas (CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 , CCL5, CCL17, CCL20, CCL24, CCL26, CXCL9, CXCL10), receptores de quimiocinas (CXCR3, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR8), e parasitismo no f?gado e no ba?o. Inicialmente, foi realizado levantamento soroepidemiol?gico de c?es de 12 assentamentos rurais de Mossor?-RN, totalizando 398 c?es examinados. A positividade dos c?es para o parasito foi determinada pela reatividade em dois testes sorol?gicos (RIFI e ELISA). Todas as localidades rurais apresentaram c?es positivos para L. infantum, com positividade variando entre 6,6% a 49% dos animais examinados por localidade, e um total de 27% de c?es de todas as localidades. Posteriormente, vinte e um c?es foram clinicamente avaliados e classificados como assintom?ticos (n = 11) ou sintom?ticos (n = 10). A infec??o foi confirmada pela realiza??o de imprint no ba?o, e observa??o de formas amastigotas. Esplenomegalia, perda de peso e onicogrifose foram os sinais cl?nicos mais frequentes. No f?gado, os n?veis de express?o de RNAm de citocinas (IFN-?, TNF-?, IL-10 e IL-17), iNOS e quimiocinas (CCL1, CCL17, CCL26, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, e CCR8) foram mais baixos nos animais sintom?ticos do que nos animais assintom?ticos. Em compara??o com os animais n?o infectados, c?es sintom?ticos obtiveram n?veis mais baixos de express?o de quase todas as mol?culas analisadas. Al?m disso, foi observada alta carga parasit?ria e baixa inflama??o hep?tica em animais sintom?ticos, quando comparado aos assintom?ticos. Conclui-se que a diminui??o da express?o de citocinas, quimiocinas e receptores de quimiocinas resultaria na migra??o e ativa??o deficiente de leuc?citos, dificultando o controle do parasitismo e conduzindo ao desenvolvimento da doen?a. / Dogs are the primary reservoirs of the parasites of the genus Leishmania. The immune response induced by infection with Leishmania infantum in these animals is not completely understood, and few studies have investigated the correlation between the expression of cytokines and chemokines and clinical manifestations of animals with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). The aim of this study was to correlate the clinical status of dogs naturally infected with L. infantum (rural municipality of Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil) with the expression levels of cytokines (IFN-?, TNF-?, IL-10 and IL-17), iNOS, chemokines (CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL17, CCL20, CCL24, CCL26, CXCL9, CXCL10), chemokine receptors (CXCR3, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR8), and parasitism in the liver and spleen using real-time PCR. Initially, we conducted seroepidemiological survey of dogs from 12 rural settlements from Mossor?-RN, totaling 398 dogs examined. The positivity of dogs for the parasite was determined by reativity in two serological tests (ELISA and IFA). All rural localities showed dogs positive for L. infantum, with positivity varying between 6,6% and 49% of the animals examined by location, totalizing 27% of dogs from all settlements. Subsequently, Twenty-one dogs were clinically evaluated and classified as asymptomatic (n = 11) or symptomatic (n = 10). The infection was confirmed by performing imprint in the spleen, and observation of amastigotes. Splenomegaly, weight loss and onychogryphosis were the most frequent clinical signs. In the liver, levels of mRNA expression of cytokines (IFN-?, TNF-?, IL-10 and IL-17), iNOS and chemokines (CCL1, CCL17, CCL26, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR8 and) were lower in symptomatic animals than in asymptomatic animals. In comparison with uninfected animals, symptomatic dogs had lower levels of expression of almost all molecules tested. In addition, the parasitic load was observed high and low symptomatic hepatic inflammation in animals when compared to asymptomatic. In conclusion, the decreased expression of cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors result in poor migration and activation of leukocytes, hindering control of parasitism and leading to the development of the disease.